1
|
Zoe Hilton N, Ham E, Radatz DL, Smith CM, Snow N, Wintermute J, Jennings-Fitz-Gerald E, Lee J, Patterson S. Coercive Control in 2SLGBTQQIA+ Relationships: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241257957. [PMID: 39066513 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241257957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Existing measures and theories of intimate partner coercive control largely evaluate men's coercion of women. The extent of knowledge pertaining to intimate relationships among other genders and sexual identities is unclear. Guided by a theoretical framework of intersectionality, we examined and synthesized original studies on coercive control by (perpetration) or against (victimization) Two Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, questioning, intersex, and asexual individuals within intimate partner relationships. We searched eight academic databases for records from 2014 through 2022 and hand-searched review articles' reference lists, supplemented with gray literature and website searches. Using duplicate screening, we identified 1,774 unique documents; 526 met preliminary eligibility criteria and 277 were retained for data extraction in duplicate. Coercive control was more common among minority individuals and was related to mental health challenges. Few studies reported on gender- or sexual-identity specific forms of coercive control, and an intersectional focus was uncommon. This review revealed a lack of agreed definition of coercive control or accepted standard of measurement, and a gap in research with individuals who identify as gender diverse, gender fluid or intersex, or those identifying their sexuality as asexual, pansexual, or sexually diverse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Zoe Hilton
- University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
| | - Elke Ham
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Natalie Snow
- Humber College, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chiefs of Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coulter RWS, Dougherty M, Clark MB, Wilson A, Miller E, Ragavan MI. Online Human-Centered Design Methods are Acceptable, Appropriate, and Feasible for Generating Adolescent Relationship Abuse Intervention Ideas With Sexual and Gender Diverse Youth. J Adolesc Health 2024:S1054-139X(24)00284-2. [PMID: 39066750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sexual and gender diverse youth (SGDY) are at greater risk for adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) than cisgender heterosexual youth, but there are not enough evidence-based interventions for reducing ARA among SGDY. We piloted online human-centered design (HCD) methodology to engage SGDY in generating ARA intervention ideas. This study evaluated the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the online methods and identified SGDY-derived intervention ideas for reducing ARA. METHODS From August 2020 through March 2021, we conducted a longitudinal online HCD study with 46 SGDY (aged 14-18 years) recruited via social media from across the United States. SGDY completed HCD activities using MURAL (collaborative digital whiteboard) in four group-based sessions (1.5 hours each) and a follow-up survey with validated measures of acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility (a priori success benchmarks: means > 3.75 on each five-point scale). RESULTS SGDY in the sample were 41% racial/ethnic minorities. SGDY rated the online HCD methods as highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible (means ≥ 4.29). SGDY co-created a breadth of ARA intervention concepts across all social-ecological levels, including commonplace ideas (e.g., curriculum for schools) and novel ideas, such as social media-based interventions to foster healthy relationships, incentivization interventions for performing social justice work, and school plays with SGDY storylines. DISCUSSION Online HCD methods are acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for designing ARA intervention ideas. The intervention ideas generated in this study can help catalyze ARA intervention research for SGDY. Our method can be transported to other populations and health topics to help advance adolescent health and equity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W S Coulter
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Michelle Dougherty
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael B Clark
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Elizabeth Miller
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maya I Ragavan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Gender Academic Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moghimi E, Godfrey C, Hilton NZ, Wintermute J, McKeown S, Melvin A, Rajack N, Asadpour K, Duquette M. Biopsychosocial risk factors for intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization in adolescents and adults reported after the COVID-19 pandemic onset: a scoping review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2024; 22:1135-1142. [PMID: 38230447 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-23-00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the biological, psychological, and sociological risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration reported after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. INTRODUCTION IPV is a significant public health concern, characterized by various forms of violence inflicted by intimate partners. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased the global prevalence of IPV. While prior research has identified factors linked to IPV, the risk factors reported in the literature during this period have not been systematically mapped. Additionally, the similarities and differences in risk factors between perpetration and victimization have not been well delineated. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will focus on individuals aged 12 years or older involved in dyadic romantic relationships. Primary studies and systematic reviews published from the year 2020 will be included. Full-text papers, preprints, theses, and dissertations published in English will be included. Studies focusing on factors unrelated to IPV risk will be excluded. Non-systematic reviews, opinion pieces, and protocols will also be excluded. METHODS Following the JBI methodology for scoping reviews, systematic searches will be conducted for both peer-reviewed and gray literature. Independent reviewers will screen records, select eligible studies, and extract data using a standardized form. Key risk factors will be mapped to explore their interplay. REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework https://osf.io/c2hkm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Moghimi
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Godfrey
- Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Queen's University School of Nursing, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - N Zoe Hilton
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sandra McKeown
- Bracken Health Sciences Library, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley Melvin
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Rajack
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
| | - Kimia Asadpour
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Duquette
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tubman JG, Lee J, Moore C. Factors Associated with Sexual Victimization Among Transgender Emerging Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:2832-2852. [PMID: 38158817 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231221836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study documented between-group differences in risk factors associated with sexual victimization histories in an ethnically and racially diverse sample of transgender emerging adults (N = 248, ageM = 22.61 years). The sample was recruited using the Internet-based CloudResearch platform to answer questionnaires assessing predictors for recent experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). Participants were categorized into four groups based on cross-classified self-reports of child sexual abuse (CSA) and recent sexual IPV, prior to the use of multivariate analysis of variance to evaluate mean score differences for past-year substance use, minority stressor, and relationship functioning variables. Participants reporting sexual IPV reported higher scores for all substance use variables, while transfeminine participants reported significantly higher scores for alcohol use problems and negative consequences related to substance use. Participants reporting both CSA and sexual IPV also reported the highest scores for everyday discrimination. Participants who experienced sexual IPV also reported the highest scores for internalized sexual stigma. Sexual revictimization among transgender adults occurs in the context of harmful patterns of substance use and several minority stressors. Our findings have implications for healthcare or counseling services for transgender emerging adults who have experienced multiple forms of victimization, substance use problems, and minority stressors, including the importance of trauma-informed and integrated intervention services, and specialized training for service providers.
Collapse
|
5
|
Young Larance L. Arrest Web Entanglement: Female Domestic Violence Survivors' Experiences with Police Intervention and Coercively Controlling Male Partners. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241254136. [PMID: 38771023 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241254136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Although U.S.-based mandatory and preferred arrest laws and policies were created to promote domestic violence survivors' safety, at times they have contributed to the wrongful arrest of women defending themselves against their abusive partners. While these laws and policies are the subject of broad critique, less considered are domestic violence survivors' descriptions of the events that unfold after police officers respond to a domestic violence incident and before they make an arrest. This is an important area of inquiry as these events may highlight how the circumstances leading to wrongful arrest decisions are more complex than the laws and policies alone. Data from the present study came from the author's larger in-depth qualitative investigation of 33 cisgender women's descriptions of their legal and child protection systems involvement. The women were recruited from an antiviolence intervention agency receiving referrals from communities with mandatory and preferred laws and policies. The women had agency contact due to their use of force or alleged use of force. The respondents were diverse across race, age, class, ability, U.S. citizenship status, and sexual identity. The author analyzed the 33 women's 51 interview transcripts and extensive fieldnotes using rigorous iterative analysis and constructivist grounded theory. The analysis revealed that seven of the 33 women, all of whom identified domestic and sexual violence survivorship histories, described a patterned series of events that unfolded after the police arrived at the domestic violence incident and before the police made an arrest. In this study, the author details three of the seven women's stories to demonstrate how a series of events, including police prearrest questioning and their coercively controlling male partners' tactics, facilitated the women's entanglement in what the author refers to as an "arrest web." Their incremental disentanglement from the arrest's impact is also explored. Broad system-focused implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Young Larance
- Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu J, Exner-Cortens D, Dobson K, Wells L, Noel M, Madigan S. Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence: A meta-analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:929-943. [PMID: 37009672 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) represents a significant public health concern. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) represent one risk factor for IPV, however, the results of existing research on the association between ACEs and IPV demonstrate mixed findings. The present research sought to meta-analytically examine the association between ACEs and (a) IPV perpetration and (b) IPV victimization. Moderator analyses were conducted to determine factors that may impact the association between ACEs and IPV involvement. Electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO in August of 2021. One-hundred and twenty-three records were screened for inclusion. All studies included a measure of ACEs and IPV victimization or perpetration. Among the 27 studies and 41 samples included in the meta-analysis, 65,330 participants were included. The results of the meta-analyses demonstrated that ACEs were positively associated with IPV perpetration and victimization. Significant methodological and measurement moderators further inform our understanding of ACEs and IPV involvement. The present meta-analyses demonstrates that trauma-informed approaches to IPV screening, prevention, and intervention may be useful, given that individuals who are involved with IPV may be more likely to possess a history of ACEs exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenney Zhu
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deinera Exner-Cortens
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith Dobson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lana Wells
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huff M, Edwards KM, Littleton H. Past 6-Month Prevalence of IPV Victimization among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Undergraduate Students: A Brief Report. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:458-469. [PMID: 37688489 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231195803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Research has largely neglected the issue of intimate partner violence (IPV) among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD; e.g., nonbinary and genderqueer) individuals. However, existing research suggests that TGD individuals are disproportionately affected by IPV. The current study sought to explore if and how rates of IPV vary among subgroups of TGD undergraduate students and contextual factors of IPV among TGD individuals including the co-occurrence of multiple forms of IPV victimization, the type of relationship in which IPV occurred, and the gender identity of the IPV perpetrator. Participants were 280 TGD undergraduate students attending 20 medium- and large-sized residential public universities across the contiguous United States. Of the entire sample of TGD undergraduate students (N = 280), a total of 27.5% endorsed past 6-month IPV victimization (20.0% psychological, 6.1% physical, 8.9% sexual, 11.4% coercive control, and 5.7% LGBTQIA+-specific). Among only the participants who endorsed past 6-month IPV victimization (N = 77), 45.4% reported one form of IPV victimization, 26.0% two forms, 22.1% three forms, and 6.5% four forms. Further, 41.3% of TGD IPV victims were in a casual relationship, 56.0% were in a serious relationship, and 2.7% were in multiple relationship types. Finally, 55.8% of victims reported their perpetrator was a man, 22.1% a woman, and 22.1% a TGD individual. No significant differences in rates of IPV were found between TGD respondents. These data highlight the urgent need for programming efforts on college campuses that are specifically designed to prevent and address IPV among and against TGD students. Future research should evaluate universal- and population-specific risk and protective factors for IPV among TGD individuals to inform prevention and response efforts for this highly vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merle Huff
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ragavan MI, Murray A. Supporting Intimate Partner Violence Survivors and Their Children in Pediatric Healthcare Settings. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023; 70:1069-1086. [PMID: 37865431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive public health epidemic that influences child health and thriving. In this article, we discuss how pediatric healthcare providers and systems can create healing-centered spaces to support IPV survivors and their children. We review the use of universal education and resource provision to share information about IPV during all clinical encounters as a healing-centered alternative to screening. We also review how to support survivors who may share experiences of IPV, focused on validation, affirmation, and connection to resources. Clinicians are provided key action items to implement in their clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya I Ragavan
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 3414 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Ashlee Murray
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hotez E, Yang B, Chua KJ, Smith AM, Lee C, Delgado D, Weimer A. Preliminary Pilot-Testing of Intimate Partner Violence Screening for Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) Individuals in Med-Peds and Family Medicine. Cureus 2023; 15:e43983. [PMID: 37746480 PMCID: PMC10516247 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals, comprised of those whose gender identity does not correspond with the sex they were assigned at birth, represent approximately 1.4 million people in the U.S., with a higher prevalence among those 18-24 years old. TGD individuals experience high levels of intimate partner violence (IPV), which leads to disproportionately negative mental and physical health outcomes for this population. As a result, there is a resounding need to connect TGD populations to health-promoting services, supports and resources. Med-Peds and Family Medicine clinics may be particularly well-positioned to support these efforts due to physicians' focus on transitional-aged youth and young adults under 30. METHODS The current manuscript reports on processes and outcomes related to a quality improvement (QI) initiative that aimed to test the feasibility and acceptability of implementing IPV screening within both a Med-Peds and a Family Medicine specialty clinic serving TGD populations in Los Angeles, CA. This QI initiative included screeners that capture IPV in cisgender/non-TGD populations (Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, Kick [HARK]) as well as in TGD populations specifically (IPV-T). We utilized a mixed-methods approach to both quantify and qualify responses to existing IPV screening as well as informal feedback from clinic "champions" in each clinic. RESULTS Quantitative and qualitative findings from this QI initiative, featuring both general and TGD-specific IPV screening measures with 140 TGD individuals, elucidated several important processes that can support effective IPV screening and referral to supports and services. These include the importance of interdisciplinary teams, the utility of an iterative approach to screener roll-out, and the essential role of solidifying a referral process in these efforts. This project additionally shed light on the potential utility and challenges of implementing both general and TGD-specific IPV screening measures. Our pilot test did not support the necessity of a TGD-specific IPV screener for identifying and responding to IPV in this population, yet additional data is critical to generate more conclusive recommendations. CONCLUSION We recommend larger-scale data collection efforts to evaluate the utility of integrating general and TGD-specific screeners into clinic workflows to ensure optimal health promotion for the TGD population in Med-Peds and Family Medicine clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hotez
- General Internal Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bridgette Yang
- Community Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kristine J Chua
- Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Andrew M Smith
- General Internal Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Cameron Lee
- General Internal Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Daniela Delgado
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Amy Weimer
- General Internal Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stults CB, Gao S, Brandt SA, Taber JL, Lynn SG, Kaczetow W, Lee G, Cruise A, Krause KD. Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Young Adults. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37358980 PMCID: PMC10220337 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-023-00579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Research indicates that multiple forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) may be prevalent among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people, including general forms of IPV (psychological, physical, sexual), as well as identity-specific forms (transgender-related IPV (T-IPV), identity abuse (IA)). Studies also suggest that IPV is associated with negative mental health outcomes in TGD populations, including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about IPV and its association with mental health among TGD young adults. This is noteworthy, as this is a key developmental period for many TGD individuals. Methods Thus, the present study sought (1) to estimate the lifetime and past-year prevalence of several forms of general and identity-specific IPV among a sample of (N = 200) TGD young adults in New York City and (2) to assess the associations between IPV with recent symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. To address the study aims, a cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted between July 2019 and March 2020. Results Regarding lifetime IPV, IA was most prevalent (57.0%), followed by sexual (40.0%), physical (38.5%), T-IPV (35.5%), and psychological IPV (32.5%). Regarding past-year IPV, psychological IPV was most common (29.0%), followed by IA (27.5%), physical (20.0%), T-IPV (14.0%), and sexual IPV (12.5%). Results of hierarchical regression models indicate that lifetime IA was related to depression, anxiety, and PTSD, while past-year T-IPV was only associated with depression. Conclusions Taken together, these findings suggest that IPV is highly prevalent among TGD young adults and that IPV - especially identity-specific forms - warrants additional attention from researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers, as it may place this population at risk for negative mental health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Stults
- Department of Psychology, Baruch College, City University of New York, 55 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Stan Gao
- Department of Psychology, Baruch College, City University of New York, 55 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | | | - Jamie L. Taber
- Department of Psychology, Baruch College, City University of New York, 55 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Savannah G. Lynn
- Department of Psychology, Baruch College, City University of New York, 55 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Walter Kaczetow
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabin Lee
- Department of Psychology, Baruch College, City University of New York, 55 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Andrew Cruise
- Department of Psychology, Baruch College, City University of New York, 55 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Kristen D. Krause
- Department of Urban-Global Public Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, USA
| |
Collapse
|