1
|
Advancing the field of employee assistance programs research and practice: A systematic review of quantitative studies and future research agenda. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2022. [PMCID: PMC9664754 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated the critical role of organizational support for the workforce. An employee assistance program (EAP) represents an inclusive strategy which organizations adopt to provide supportive and empathic care to help employees overcome undesirable situations. To date, we have limited knowledge of what EAP issues have been researched from the human resource management (HRM) perspective and what theoretical underpinning these studies have used. This article systematically reviews quantitative empirical studies on EAPs. Drawing upon 115 articles from 72 journals across 40 years (1981–2020), we trace the evolutionary trend of the construct of EAP and shed light on the internal link of EAP with HRM. After summarizing research themes, methods, theories, and approaches to the evaluation of EAPs, we identify pitfalls in the current research and contribute to extending the field by proposing several research agendas for future investigation.
Collapse
|
2
|
Hill CG, Beymer MR, Jarvis BP, Smith JD, Nichols JN, Mysliwiec V, Pecko JA, Watkins EY. A Cross-Sectional Examination of the Association Between Social Media Use and Sleep Among a Sample of U.S. Army Soldiers. Mil Med 2020; 185:e694-e702. [PMID: 31822912 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the United States (U.S.), approximately 35% of adults sleep less than 7 hours per night. The relationship between social media use and insufficient sleep has not thoroughly been examined among adults. The purpose of this study was to determine if social media use is associated with insufficient sleep among a sample of U.S. Army Soldiers. METHODS This study surveyed 9,052 U.S. Soldiers in 2018 via a self-administered online questionnaire. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the association between social media use (<38 hours vs. ≥38 hours per week) and insufficient sleep, controlling for demographic and behavioral covariates. RESULTS Overall, 54.9% of Soldiers reported insufficient sleep. There was no significant relationship between excessive social media use and insufficient sleep in the multivariable logistic regression (OR: 1.03; CI: 0.87-1.23). The covariates of sex, race/ethnicity, rank, hazardous alcohol consumption, anxiety, and depression were significantly associated with insufficient sleep. Soldiers who reported symptoms of anxiety were more than twice as likely (OR: 2.11; CI: 1.65-2.70) to report insufficient sleep than Soldiers without signs of anxiety. Additionally, Soldiers who reported depressive symptoms were 85% (OR: 1.85; CI: 1.44-2.37) more likely to experience insufficient sleep than Soldiers without signs of depression. CONCLUSION Sufficient sleep is essential to ensuring mission readiness and preventing accidental morbidity and mortality among Soldiers. The findings of this analysis do not suggest a link between extended social media use and insufficient sleep. However, though previously uninvestigated, Soldiers reporting symptoms of anxiety and depression were more likely to experience insufficient sleep compared to unafflicted Soldiers. Therefore developing a culture that encourages Soldiers to seek necessary behavioral health screening and care could be a key primary strategy to promote adequate sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Hill
- Behavioral and Social Health Outcomes Program, U.S. Army Public Health Center/CPHE/BSHOP, Building E-1570, 8252 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5403
| | - Matthew R Beymer
- Behavioral and Social Health Outcomes Program, U.S. Army Public Health Center/CPHE/BSHOP, Building E-1570, 8252 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5403.,General Dynamics Information Technology (GDIT), 3150 Fairview Park Drive, Falls Church, VA 22042
| | - Brantley P Jarvis
- Behavioral and Social Health Outcomes Program, U.S. Army Public Health Center/CPHE/BSHOP, Building E-1570, 8252 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5403.,Knowesis, Inc., 8315 Lee Hwy #400, Fairfax, VA 22031
| | - Jacob D Smith
- Behavioral and Social Health Outcomes Program, U.S. Army Public Health Center/CPHE/BSHOP, Building E-1570, 8252 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5403
| | - Jerrica N Nichols
- Behavioral and Social Health Outcomes Program, U.S. Army Public Health Center/CPHE/BSHOP, Building E-1570, 8252 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5403
| | - Vincent Mysliwiec
- Behavioral and Social Health Outcomes Program, U.S. Army Public Health Center/CPHE/BSHOP, Building E-1570, 8252 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5403
| | - Joseph A Pecko
- Behavioral and Social Health Outcomes Program, U.S. Army Public Health Center/CPHE/BSHOP, Building E-1570, 8252 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5403
| | - Eren Youmans Watkins
- Behavioral and Social Health Outcomes Program, U.S. Army Public Health Center/CPHE/BSHOP, Building E-1570, 8252 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5403
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Corry NH, Radakrishnan S, Williams CS, Sparks AC, Woodall KA, Fairbank JA, Stander VA. Association of military life experiences and health indicators among military spouses. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1517. [PMID: 31718613 PMCID: PMC6852757 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The health and well-being of military spouses directly contribute to a robust military force by enabling the spouse to better support the active duty member’s career. In order to understand the overall health and well-being of military spouses, we assessed health indicators among military spouses using the Healthy People 2020 framework and examined associations of these health indicators with military experiences and psychosocial factors. Methods Using data from the Millennium Cohort Family Study, a U.S. Department of Defense-sponsored survey of 9872 spouses of service members with 2–5 years of military service, we examined attainment of Healthy People 2020 goals for spouses and service members, including healthy weight, exercise, sleep, and alcohol and tobacco use. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed associations of spouse health indicators with stressful military life experiences and social support, adjusting for demographics and military descriptors. The spousal survey was administered nationwide in 2011. Results The majority of military spouses met each health goal assessed. However, less than half met the healthy weight and the strength training goals. Reporting greater perceived family support from the military was associated with better behavioral health outcomes, while having no one to turn to for support was associated with poorer outcomes. Using the Healthy People 2020 objectives as a framework for identifying key health behaviors and benchmarks, this study identified factors, including military-specific experiences, that may contribute to physical health behaviors and outcomes among military spouses. With respect to demographic characteristics, the findings are consistent with other literature that women are more likely to refrain from risky substance use and that greater education is associated with better overall health outcomes. Conclusions Findings suggest that enhanced social and military support and tailored programming for military spouses may improve health outcomes and contribute to the well-being of military couples. Such programming could also bolster force readiness and retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nida H Corry
- Abt Associates, Central Park West, Suite 210, 5001 South Miami Boulevard, Durham, NC, 27703, USA.
| | | | - Christianna S Williams
- Abt Associates, Central Park West, Suite 210, 5001 South Miami Boulevard, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Alicia C Sparks
- Abt Associates, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Kelly A Woodall
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - John A Fairbank
- Mid-Atlantic (VISN 6) Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, 3022 Croasdaile Dr, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, 1121 West Chapel Hill Street, Suite 201, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Valerie A Stander
- Military Population Health Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA
| |
Collapse
|