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Herold S. "Women's Lives Are on the Line, and Our Hands Are Tied": How Television Is Reckoning With a Post-Dobbs America. Womens Health Issues 2024:S1049-3867(24)00097-5. [PMID: 39396895 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the 2022 Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization Supreme Court decision revoked federal protection for abortion rights, many states have restricted abortion. Although news media covers this shifting landscape through reporting, this article documents how entertainment content is responding to this new reality in its storytelling. METHODS The sample is from a public database of abortion plotlines on American television (abortiononscreen.org). I separated the sample of 150 plotlines into two groups: plotlines that filmed and/or aired pre-Dobbs (January 2020-August 2022) and those that aired post-Dobbs (September 2022-December 2023). Coding occurred in Microsoft Excel. RESULTS Post-Dobbs, there was an increase in procedural abortion depictions compared with pre-Dobbs, but no change in the consistently low number of depictions of medication abortion. The post-Dobbs sample included a 10% increase in teen characters compared with pre-Dobbs. Pre-Dobbs, the vast majority of plotlines (77%) did not portray any barriers to abortion care. Post-Dobbs, 33% depicted barriers. The most common reason for abortion seeking in both samples was age (11%). Pre-Dobbs, the next most common was a mis-timed pregnancy (10%). Post-Dobbs, the next most common was health concerns (11%). CONCLUSIONS Since Dobbs, more television plotlines are portraying obstacles to abortion care, yet they continue to tell stories of white, non-parenting teenagers who make up a small percentage of real abortion patients. Plotlines overrepresent procedural abortion over the more common medication abortion. Depictions of health-related reasons for abortion seeking obscure more commonly provided reasons for abortions, such as mistimed pregnancies, caregiving responsibilities, and financial concerns. Considering the low levels of abortion knowledge nationwide, understanding what (mis)information audiences encounter onscreen is increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Herold
- Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco.
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Qin Z, Zheng S, Liu C, Ren Y, Wang R, Zhang S, Gu X, Li Y, Yan X, Xu T. The knowledge, training, and willingness of first year students in Xuzhou, China to perform bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1444970. [PMID: 39381766 PMCID: PMC11458465 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1444970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) can significantly improve the rate of return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiac arrest. Since first year students with no specific academic background are energetic and quick to learn, many Chinese schools offer first-aid training course including CPR to them before they start school. However, data on CPR knowledge, training, and willingness among first year students are lacking in most regions of China, which makes the effectiveness of CPR training unknown. Objectives To evaluate first year students' knowledge level, training experience and rescue willingness for CPR of first year students in Xuzhou, and to analyze the influencing factors of CPR knowledge level and rescue willingness of first year students in Xuzhou. Design A cross-sectional study. Participations A total of 9,887 first year students from three universities in Xuzhou city were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling method. Methods A self-designed five-part structured questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge, training and willingness of CPR among first year students. Independent sample t-test, χ2 -test and Logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results The average score of CPR knowledge was 2.44 (±1.60), 99.13% of the respondents were willing to participate in CPR training, and 66.25% had received CPR training. Respondents with rural household registration, relatives who had suffered from serious diseases, relatives engaged in the medical profession, good self-rated quality of life, CPR training, and willing to CPR training had higher CPR knowledge levels. 76.77% of the respondents were willing to perform bystander CPR. Women, those who had received CPR training, and those who were willing to receive CPR training were more willing to help patients with sudden cardiac arrest. Lack of first aid knowledge and skills (82.61%) was the biggest obstacle hindering respondents from performing rescue. Conclusion Most of the first year students of Xuzhou University in China have CPR training experience and have a strong willingness to train. Most are willing to perform bystander CPR, but have a low knowledge level. Colleges and universities can adopt diversified training methods, make plans for regular CPR retraining and other strategies to improve the quality and effect of CPR training for college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Qin
- Research Center for Medical and Health Emergency Rescue, The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuyao Zheng
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Research Center for Medical and Health Emergency Rescue, The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Ren
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ran Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sitian Zhang
- Research Center for Medical and Health Emergency Rescue, The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Research Center for Medical and Health Emergency Rescue, The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Research Center for Medical and Health Emergency Rescue, The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xianliang Yan
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tie Xu
- Research Center for Medical and Health Emergency Rescue, The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Hoffman BL, Sidani JE, Miller E, Manganello JA, Chu KH, Felter EM, Burke JG. "Better Than Any DARE Program": Qualitative Analysis of Adolescent Reactions to EVALI Television Storylines. Health Promot Pract 2024; 25:814-822. [PMID: 37312252 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231177049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Research suggests that awareness of e-cigarette, or vaping, product-use associated lung injury (EVALI) among adolescents is associated with increased harm perception of e-cigarettes. The depiction of EVALI on three primetime medical dramas offers an opportunity to examine the use of these storylines for tobacco prevention education. Methods. We conducted four focus groups with seventh- and eighth-grade students at an urban middle school. Participants viewed three clips of scenes followed by a facilitated discussion as to the influence of the clips on knowledge and perceptions of e-cigarettes and the use of clips for tobacco prevention education. Two research assistants double-coded notes from the focus groups using a qualitative content analysis approach. Results. Our final sample included 78 adolescents; we obtained self-reported demographic information for 75. The majority of participants were 13 to 14 years of age (82.7%) and identified as cisgender female (52.0%) and Black (52.0%). No participants had knowledge of EVALI prior to viewing the clips. Comments made both during and after watching suggest the clips may have reinforced knowledge and perceptions of harm; participants stated that the clips could be a useful intervention tool. Viewing the clips also generated unprompted discussion about flavored products, tobacco advertising, other television programs, and marijuana. Conclusions. Clips featuring the depiction of EVALI on medical dramas may be an effective tool for raising awareness of e-cigarette use-related harms. These results offer a promising first step for future collaborative research between public health, adolescents, and schools to develop tobacco prevention education utilizing these clips.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kar-Hai Chu
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Herold S. Abortion in entertainment media, 2019-2024. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2024:00001703-990000000-00142. [PMID: 39145512 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Entertainment media contribute to how people understand and make sense of health issues, especially stigmatized ones such as abortion. This paper reviews the peer-reviewed literature published between 2019 and 2024 on how abortion is depicted in scripted television and film available for viewing in the United States. RECENT FINDINGS The majority of recent studies focus on qualitative content analysis of a composite of television shows, documenting the myriad ways that these programs reflect and are distinct from the reality of abortion access in the United States. The quantitative studies find small but significant increases in abortion knowledge related to exposure to television abortion plotlines, but no increases in support for abortion postexposure. No studies track the impact of exposure to multiple abortion plotlines at multiple points in time. Only one study included a sample of entertainment content creators to understand their motivations for creating abortion plotlines. SUMMARY Media depictions of abortion are often rife with misinformation, and may influence the U.S. public's general knowledge and beliefs about abortion. More research is needed to understand possible relationships between television and film abortion content and its impact on viewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Herold
- Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, California, USA
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Wang H, Cummins I, Seko Y. Editorial: The representation of psychiatry and mental health in popular culture. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1432346. [PMID: 38832327 PMCID: PMC11144900 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1432346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Communication, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ian Cummins
- School of Health & Society, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Yukari Seko
- School of Professional Communication, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ramírez-Ortiz D, Jean-Gilles M, Sheehan DM, Ladner R, Li T, Trepka MJ. Factors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups With HIV in South Florida. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2024; 95:329-341. [PMID: 38133577 PMCID: PMC10922309 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial/ethnic minority groups with HIV in the United States are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 consequences and can significantly benefit from increased uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. This study identified factors associated with full COVID-19 vaccination among people with HIV. SETTING Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program in Miami-Dade County, FL. METHODS Data were collected from 299 Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program adult clients during January-March 2022 using a cross-sectional phone survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were weighted to be representative of the race/ethnicity and sex distribution of clients in the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program. RESULTS Eighty-four percent of participants were fully vaccinated with a primary vaccine series; stratified by race/ethnicity, the percentages were 88.9% of Hispanic, 72.0% of black/African American, and 67.5% of Haitian participants. Fully vaccinated participants were less likely to be black/African American than Hispanic (aOR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.67) and more likely to not endorse any misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccines (aOR = 8.26; 95% CI: 1.38 to 49.64), to report encouragement to get vaccinated from sources of information (aOR = 20.82; 95% CI: 5.84 to 74.14), and to perceive that more than 50% of their social network was vaccinated (aOR = 3.35; 95% CI: 1.04 to 10.71). Experiences of health care discrimination, structural barriers to access vaccines, and recommendations from HIV providers were not associated with full vaccination. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of delivering accurate and positive messages about vaccines and engaging social networks to promote COVID-19 vaccination among people with HIV. This information can be leveraged to promote uptake of subsequent boosters and other recommended vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Ramírez-Ortiz
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michele Jean-Gilles
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Diana M. Sheehan
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center for Minority Institutions, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert Ladner
- Behavioral Science Research Corporation, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Tan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mary Jo Trepka
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center for Minority Institutions, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Wang H, Yue Z, S D. Challenges with using popular entertainment to address mental health: a content analysis of Netflix series 13 Reasons Why controversy in mainstream news coverage. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1214822. [PMID: 37711419 PMCID: PMC10498920 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1214822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health conditions and psychiatric disorders are among the leading causes of illness, disability, and death among young people around the globe. In the United States, teen suicide has increased by about 30% in the last decade. Raising awareness of warning signs and promoting access to mental health resources can help reduce suicide rates for at-risk youth. However, death by suicide remains a taboo topic for public discourse and societal intervention. An unconventional approach to address taboo topics in society is the use of popular media. Method We conducted a quantitative content analysis of mainstream news reporting on the controversial Netflix series 13 Reasons Why Season 1. Using a combination of top-down and bottom-up search strategies, our final sample consisted of 97 articles published between March 31 and May 31, 2017, from 16 media outlets in 3,150 sentences. We systematically examined the news framing in these articles in terms of content and valence, the salience of health/social issue related frames, and their compliance with the WHO guidelines. Results Nearly a third of the content directly addressed issues of our interest: 61.6% was about suicide and 38.4% was about depression, bullying, sexual assault, and other related health/social issues; it was more negative (42.8%) than positive (17.4%). The criticism focused on the risk of suicide contagion, glamorizing teen suicide, and the portrayal of parents and educators as indifferent and incompetent. The praise was about the show raising awareness of real and difficult issues young people struggle with in their everyday life and serving as a conversation starter to spur meaningful discussions. Our evaluation of WHO guideline compliance for reporting on suicide yielded mixed results. Although we found recommended practices across all major categories, they were minimal and could be improved. Conclusion Despite their well intentions and best efforts, the 13 Reasons Why production team missed several critical opportunities to be better prepared and more effective in creating social impact entertainment and fostering difficult dialogs. There is an urgent need to train news reporters about established health communication guidelines and promote best practices in media reporting on sensitive topics such as suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Communication, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Zhiying Yue
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Divya S
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Hoffman BL, Sidani JE, Jonassaint CR, Wolynn R, Donovan AK. Utilizing Television Clips for Graduate Medical Education Anti-racist Curricula: An Acceptability Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e41526. [PMID: 37551225 PMCID: PMC10404454 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Racism is a pervasive social problem that influences medicine, highlighting the need for interventions. One promising educational technique, referred to as edutainment, utilizes clips from television shows as an instructive strategy. The objective of this study was to examine the acceptability of edutainment around anti-racist curricula for residents. Methods We conducted a survey of underrepresented in medicine (URM) medical faculty to inform content for subsequent focus groups with medicine, psychiatry, and pediatrics residents. For the survey, URM faculty were randomly assigned to view four of eight clips and responded to close- and open-ended items. Focus group participants viewed selected clips and provided feedback. All study procedures occurred in 2020-2021. We calculated descriptive statistics for close-ended survey items and employed thematic analysis for open-ended items and focus group transcripts. Results Twelve URM faculty completed the survey. Feedback was uniformly positive so we included all eight clips in the resident focus groups. For each of the three participating specialties, we conducted two focus groups (2-11 participants each, total n=25) with participants viewing four of the eight clips. Analysis of focus group transcripts found that participants were receptive to the edutainment approach. Feedback as to the realism and acceptability of certain clips differed by specialty. Triangulation of survey and focus group results found differences in the acceptability of specific clips between residents and faculty. Conclusion Edutainment with medical television shows may be a promising avenue for anti-racist curricular content for residents. The educational methods described here are being incorporated into a multi-pronged, hospital system wide graduate medical education anti-racist curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Hoffman
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jaime E Sidani
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Charles R Jonassaint
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Riley Wolynn
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Anna K Donovan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
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Hoffman BL, Wolynn R, Barrett E, Manganello JA, Felter EM, Sidani JE, Miller E, Burke JG, Primack BA, Chu KH. Viewer Reactions to EVALI Storylines on Popular Medical Dramas: A Thematic Analysis of Twitter Messages. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 28:282-291. [PMID: 37057592 PMCID: PMC10330130 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2023.2201814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has found an association between awareness of e-cigarette, or vaping, product-use associated lung injury (EVALI) and lower intention to use e-cigarettes among young people. This study utilized Twitter data to evaluate if the January 2020 depiction of EVALI on New Amsterdam, Chicago Med, and Grey's Anatomy-three popular primetime medical dramas-could be a potential innovative avenue to raise awareness of EVALI. We obtained tweets containing e-cigarette-related search strings from 1/21/2020 to 02/18/2020 and filtered these with storyline-specific keywords, resulting in 1,493 tweets for qualitative coding by two trained human coders. Content codes were informed by prior research, theories of narrative influence, and e-cigarette related outcomes. Of 641 (42.9%) relevant tweets, the most frequent content codes were perceived realism (n = 292, 45.6%) and negative response (n = 264, 41.2%). A common theme among these tweets was that storylines were unrealistic because none of the characters with EVALI used THC-containing products. Approximately 12% of tweets (n = 78) mentioned e-cigarette knowledge and 28 (4.4%) mentioned behavior, including quitting e-cigarettes because of viewing the storylines. Implications for health communication research utilizing social media data and maximizing the achievement of positive health-related outcomes for storylines depicting current health topics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L. Hoffman
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Riley Wolynn
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erica Barrett
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Manganello
- School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Felter
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaime E. Sidani
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica G. Burke
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian A. Primack
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kar-Hai Chu
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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