1
|
Lubis PN, Saputra M, Rabbani MW. A systematic review of the benefits of breastfeeding against postpartum depression in low-middle-income countries. J Ment Health 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38869015 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2024.2361232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The positive impact of breastfeeding against postpartum depression has been increasingly reported. However, no studies have systematically and critically examined current evidence on breastfeeding practices' influences on postpartum depression in LMICs. AIM To review the influence of breastfeeding on postpartum depression in LMICs. METHODS We searched original research in English published over the last ten years (2012 - 2022) within 8 databases: EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Pubmed, Sage Journals, Science Direct, APA PsycArticles, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, and citation tracking. The risk of bias assessment used The Newcastle Ottawa Scale and The Modified Jadad Scale. We followed the PRISMA statement after the protocol had been registered on the PROSPERO. The review included 21 of 11015 articles. RESULTS Of 21 articles, 16 examined breastfeeding practices, 2 each investigated breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding education, and 1 each assessed breastfeeding attitude and breastfeeding support. 3 randomized control trials and 5 cohorts revealed that breastfeeding decreased the EPDS scores. However, 4 cross-sectional studies indicated that breastfeeding is nonsignificantly associated with postpartum depression. CONCLUSION This review indicated that breastfeeding may alleviate or prevent postpartum depression. Our findings indicated that integrating breastfeeding-related programs and policies into postpartum depression prevention may benefit public health. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42022315143).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maman Saputra
- Tulodo Organizations and Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Henshaw EJ. Breastfeeding and Postpartum Depression: A Review of Relationships and Potential Mechanisms. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2023; 25:803-808. [PMID: 37906349 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Postpartum depression (PPD) and breastfeeding are important, interrelated health factors. It is established that women who breastfeed exclusively have lowered likelihood of developing significant PPD. Yet, many questions remain around what factors are involved. The purpose of this review is to provide updated information about the relationship between PPD and breastfeeding. RECENT FINDINGS Both psychological and physiological factors have emerged as important moderators and mechanisms of the relationship between postpartum depression and breastfeeding. Breastfeeding self-efficacy, self-compassion, and engagement with the infant during feeding all modify or mediate the relationship, and a complex dynamic relationship among cortisol, oxytocin, progesterone, and estrogen is involved. Importantly, recent intervention studies suggest psychosocial interventions may impact both breastfeeding and mood. Providers and researchers should recognize the interrelationship between the breastfeeding and PPD and apply this understanding to patient care through integrated education and care for both mood and breastfeeding enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Henshaw
- Department of Psychology, Denison University, 100 West College Street, Granville, OH, 43023, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fan HSL, Fong DYT, Lok KYW, Tarrant M. A Qualitative Exploration of the Reasons for Expressed Human Milk Feeding Informed by the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory. J Hum Lact 2023; 39:146-156. [PMID: 35414281 DOI: 10.1177/08903344221084629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing prevalence of expressed human milk feeding. The reasons for expressed human milk feeding of healthy term infants may differ from those for preterm infants. The process of adopting expressed human milk feeding for healthy full-term infants has not been well-described in the existing literature. RESEARCH AIM To describe the reasons for, and antecedents to, expressed human milk feeding among Chinese women who used a high proportion of expressed human milk for feeding. METHODS A descriptive, prospective cross-sectional qualitative design was used. Participants (N = 25) who used a high proportion of expressed human milk feeding were recruited from a larger perspective cohort study in two public hospitals in Hong Kong. Semi-structured, in-depth, one-to-one interviews were conducted 2017-2018. Data collection and thematic analysis were guided by the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory. RESULTS The authors conducted thematic analysis and identified six core themes: (1) perceived maternal roles; (2) breastfeeding role models; (3) negative feedback from social networks; (4) negative direct breastfeeding experiences; (5) expressed human milk feeding as a solution to a problem; and (6) advice from health care professionals to express human milk. These themes were consistent with the four antecedents of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory (e.g., physiological and affective state, vicarious experiences, performance accomplishments, and verbal persuasion). CONCLUSIONS The main reason for participants to feed expressed human milk was experiencing difficulties with direct breastfeeding. Expressed human milk feeding was used as an immediate solution for breastfeeding problems. Strengthening breastfeeding support in the early postpartum period may decrease the perceived need for human milk expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Sze Lok Fan
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kris Yuet Wan Lok
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Marie Tarrant
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pezley L, Cares K, Duffecy J, Koenig MD, Maki P, Odoms-Young A, Clark Withington MH, Lima Oliveira M, Loiacono B, Prough J, Tussing-Humphreys L, Buscemi J. Efficacy of behavioral interventions to improve maternal mental health and breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review. Int Breastfeed J 2022; 17:67. [PMID: 36064573 PMCID: PMC9446548 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-022-00501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive benefits and high intentions, few mothers breastfeed exclusively for the recommended duration. Maternal mental health is an important underlying factor associated with barriers and reduced rates of breastfeeding intent, initiation, and continuation. Given evidence of a bidirectional association between maternal mental health and breastfeeding, it is important to consider both factors when examining the efficacy of interventions to improve these outcomes. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the literature on the efficacy of behavioral interventions focused on both maternal mental health and breastfeeding outcomes, examining the intersection of the two. METHODS This systematic review was completed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Studies were selected if they were available in English, used primary experimental design, and used a behavioral intervention type to examine maternal mental health and breastfeeding outcomes. Articles were identified from PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO from database inception to 3 March 2022. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results were synthesized by intervention success for 1. Mental health and breastfeeding, 2. Breastfeeding only, 3. Mental health only, and 4. No intervention effect. PROSPERO CRD42021224228. RESULTS Thirty interventions reported in 33 articles were identified, representing 15 countries. Twelve studies reported statistically significant positive effect of the intervention on both maternal mental health and breastfeeding; most showing a decrease in self-report depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in parallel to an increase in breastfeeding duration and/or exclusivity. Common characteristics of successful interventions were a) occurring across pregnancy and postpartum, b) delivered by hospital staff or multidisciplinary teams, c) offered individually, and d) designed to focus on breastfeeding and maternal mental health or on breastfeeding only. Our results are not representative of all countries, persons, experiences, circumstances, or physiological characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that extend the perinatal period and offer individualized support from both professionals and peers who collaborate through a continuum of settings (e.g., health system, home, and community) are most successful in improving both mental health and breastfeeding outcomes. The benefits of improving these outcomes warrant continued development and implementation of such interventions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021224228.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey Pezley
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Kate Cares
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jennifer Duffecy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mary Dawn Koenig
- Department of Human Development Nursing Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pauline Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Manoela Lima Oliveira
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Jilian Prough
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Joanna Buscemi
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
"It Makes My Skin Crawl": Women's experience of breastfeeding aversion response (BAR). Women Birth 2022; 35:582-592. [PMID: 35012885 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Some women who intend to breastfeed experience a breastfeeding aversion response (BAR) while breastfeeding. BACKGROUND Little is known about the experience of those who have feelings of aversion while breastfeeding. AIM This study aimed to investigate the experiences of women who have an aversion response to breastfeeding while their infant is latched at the breast. This is the first study that aims to understand this breastfeeding aversion response (BAR) as described by women who experience this phenomenon. METHODS Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to conduct and analyse ten semi-structured in-depth interviews with women who self-identified as experiencing BAR. FINDINGS Four overarching themes were identified: (1) Involuntary, strong sensations of aversion in response to the act of breastfeeding, (2) Internal conflict and effects on maternal identity, (3) The connection between BAR and relationships with others, and (4) Reflections on coping with BAR and building resilience. DISCUSSION Some women who intend to breastfeed can experience BAR, and this negative sensation conflicts with their desire to breastfeed. BAR can impact on maternal wellbeing. Those who experience BAR may benefit from person-centred support that directly addresses the challenges associated with BAR to achieve their personal breastfeeding goals. CONCLUSION The experience of BAR is unexpected and difficult for mothers. If support is not available, BAR can have detrimental effects on maternal identity, mother-child bonds, and intimate family relationships.
Collapse
|