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Al-Bourgol S, Machinet G, Bakkali A, Faucon M, Gemini L. Real-Time Monitoring of Thermal Phenomena during Femtosecond Ablation of Bone Tissue for Process Control. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:309. [PMID: 38671731 PMCID: PMC11047677 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond (fs) laser technology is currently being considered in innovative fields such as osteotomy and treatment of hard tissue thanks to the achievable high resolution and ability to prevent tissue damage. In a previous study, suitable process parameters were obtained to achieve competitive ablation rates on pork femur processing. Nevertheless, a better control of thermal accumulation in the tissue during laser ablation could further improve the postoperative regeneration of the treated bone compared with conventional procedures and push forward the exploitation of such technology. This study presents methods for real time analyses of bone tissue temperature and composition during fs laser ablation and highlights the importance of implementing an efficient cooling method of bone tissue in order to achieve optimized results. Results show that it is possible to achieve a larger process window for bone tissue ablation where bone tissue temperature remains within the protein denaturation temperature in water-based processing environment. This is a key outcome towards a clinical exploitation of the presented technology, where higher process throughputs are necessary. The effects of process parameters and environments on bone tissue were confirmed by LIBS technique, which proved to be an efficient method by which to record real-time variation of bone tissue composition during laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laura Gemini
- ALPhANOV, Institut d’Optique d’Aquitaine, 33400 Talence, France; (S.A.-B.); (M.F.)
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Alshamrani AS. Effects of topical fluoride on primary tooth enamel microhardness after diode laser treatment. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:996-999. [PMID: 38107053 PMCID: PMC10724360 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tooth decay is controlled and prevented using fluorides. Specifically, a combination of laser irradiation and topical fluoride application can improve fluoride absorption. Although laser irradiation is recommended in traditional technology for caries prevention, little is known about the efficacy of caries-inhibiting laser diodes. Further, most studies have focused on permanent teeth. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of laser diode radiation mixed with topical fluoride on the enamel surface microhardness of primary teeth. Material and method The 60 primary teeth were divided into 60 plates. Baseline Vickers microhardness was established for each enamel surface. The samples were then divided into three groups. 4 % NaF varnish (group A) and 4 % NaF varnish using diode 2 and 3 W lasers (groups B and C, respectively). The final microhardness was measured and statistically evaluated using SPSS version 16. ANOVA was used to compare the means of the tested groups, which had a P-value of 0.05, indicating significance. Result The mean and standard deviation of microhardness for the different groups was tested. Group C (4 % NaF with a diode laser at 3 W) showed a higher average Vickers hardness (VHN) than Group B (4 % NaF with a diode laser at 2 W), whereas group A showed the lowest average VHN. There was a significant difference in microhardness between groups (P 0.05). Conclusion This study explored the effect of laser mixed with topical fluoride on enamel surface microhardness of primary teeth. The use of a diode laser (Quanta System, Italy) with a fluoride varnish applied to the enamel surface has a greater effect on the resistance of the enamel to caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Saleh Alshamrani
- University Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Campus, Hawaiah, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Mankar N, Burde K, Agrawal P, Chandak M, Ikhar A, Patel A. Application of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Endodontics: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e48010. [PMID: 38046501 PMCID: PMC10689117 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) stands out in the realm of dentistry for its unique attributes that set it apart from traditional therapeutic approaches. This non-invasive and painless modality harnesses the power of low-intensity lasers, offering a distinct advantage in terms of safety and patient comfort. Unlike many conventional methods, LLLT does not rely on pharmaceutical interventions or invasive procedures, making it a gentle yet effective option for various dental applications. Its non-thermal, photobiomodulatory effects on cellular and tissue functions mark a notable departure from the more aggressive treatment modalities commonly associated with dentistry. This article provides an extensive exploration of LLLT's applications in dentistry, focusing on its mechanisms of action and biological effects, and emphasizes the uniqueness of LLLT as a transformative tool in modern dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mankar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Karuna Burde
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saraswati Dhanwantari Dental College and Hospital, Parbhani, IND
| | - Paridhi Agrawal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Manoj Chandak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Anuja Ikhar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Aditya Patel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
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Ou M, Huang X. Histological evaluation of mouse tongue incisions after Er:YAG laser surgery with different pulse energies versus after conventional scalpel surgery. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:181. [PMID: 37568046 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the surgical instrument that allows for optimal healing of tongue incisions. METHODS An Er:YAG laser was compared with different pulse energies to a conventional scalpel for the incision of mouse tongue tissues. Mice were sacrificed through cervical dislocation at 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively, followed by extraction of their tongues for incision experiments. The healing of the incisions and expression of inflammation- and pain-related factors in the tongues were compared between the surgical procedure groups. RESULTS In laser-treated mice, tongue incisions healed the fastest when the laser output energy was 60 MJ per pulse. Macrophage chemotaxis toward the incisional area was triggered on the first postoperative day for the 60-MJ group, while the time for macrophage chemotaxis to the surgical area was later in the 80-MJ group. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression increased and then decreased in the 80-MJ group; however, it gradually decreased in the 60-MJ and conventional scalpel groups. Prostaglandin E2 expression increased and then decreased in the 80-MJ and conventional scalpel groups but gradually decreased in the 60-MJ group. The expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 gradually decreased in the 60-MJ and 80-MJ groups but gradually increased in the conventional scalpel group. CONCLUSION Compared with surgical procedures using conventional scalpels, those using an Er:YAG laser with appropriate pulse energies can inhibit inflammation in the incisional area and promote incision healing. The use of an Er:YAG laser with appropriate pulse energies can alleviate intraoperative and postoperative pain in the incisional area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ou
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Laky M, Egelja M, Kurzmann C, Laky B, Arslan M, Shokoohi-Tabrizi H, Rausch-Fan X, Moritz A. The effect of combination treatment of CO 2-laser irradiation and tetracalcium phosphate/dicalcium phosphate anhydrate on dentinal tubules blockage: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:103. [PMID: 37069368 PMCID: PMC10110712 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the evaluation of the in vitro efficacy of a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, a tetracalcium phosphate/dicalcium phosphate anhydrate (TP/DP) desensitizer and the combination of the desensitizer and additional CO2 laser irradiation as a treatment modality for cervical dentin hypersensitivity. A total of 48 dental specimens, prepared from extracted human premolars and molars, were divided into four groups: a control group, a TP/DP desensitizer paste group, a CO2 laser (10.600-nm wavelength) group, and a paste and laser group. The specimens were coated with nail varnish except in the marked area and were then immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 1 h. The specimens were then washed, dried, and cut longitudinally. Thereafter, photos of 40 dentin specimens were taken and evaluated. The area of penetration was assessed and reported as percentage of the dentin surface area. Additionally eight dental specimens were examined with the aid of a scanning electron microscope and evaluated. Significant differences in the penetration depth were found for all experimental groups compared to the control group. The lowest penetration area was detected in the paste-laser group (16.5%), followed by the laser (23.7%), the paste (48.5%), and the control group (86.2%). The combined treatment of the CO2 laser and a TP/DP desensitizer was efficient in sealing the dentinal surface and could be a treatment option for cervical dentin hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laky
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mane Egelja
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kurzmann
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brenda Laky
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muazzez Arslan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hassan Shokoohi-Tabrizi
- Core Facility Applied Physics, Laser and CAD/CAM Technology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Dental Student Training and Patient Care, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Evaluation of the Tooth Surface after Irradiation with Diode Laser Applied for Removal of Dental Microorganisms from Teeth of Patients with Gingivitis, Using X-ray Photoelectron (XPS) and Optical Profilometry (OP). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226840. [PMID: 36431317 PMCID: PMC9697199 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingivitis is accompanied by microorganisms, including pathogens, which must be eliminated to speed up the treatment of inflammation. Laser irradiation may be one of the safe methods for reducing tissue contamination on the tooth surface. The aim of the study was the assessment of the tooth surface in patients with gingivitis after the use of a diode laser to eliminate microorganisms living there. In the first stage of the research, microorganisms were isolated (Candida albicans, C. guilliermondii, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Neisseria subflava, Rothia dentocariosa, Rothia mucilaginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae) from three patients with gingivitis, their identification confirmed using the MALDI-TOF MS technique (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Then, the irradiation process with a diode laser was optimized to a wavelength of 810 nm ± 10 nm in five variants to reduce microorganisms on the tooth. The tooth surface was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and optical profilometry (OP) before and after irradiation. 103 to 106 CFU were detected on a 0.4 cm2 tooth area. Nine types of bacteria and two types of fungi dominated among the microorganisms. The laser at the most effective biocidal dose of 25 W/15.000 Hz/10 µs, average = 3.84 W, with three uses after 15 s, increased the reduction of fungi from 57.97% to 93.80%, and bacteria from 30.67% to 100%. This dose also caused a decrease in the degree of oxidation and in the effect of smoothing on the treated surfaces.
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Tressel J, Kashirtsev F, Cheung K, Simon J, Fried D. Caries inhibition of simulated active caries lesions with CO 2 laser irradiation and fluoride. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 11942:119420B. [PMID: 35450400 PMCID: PMC9020385 DOI: 10.1117/12.2608308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that CO2 laser irradiation can be used to transform the mineral phase of dental enamel to make it more resistant to acid dissolution. The purpose of this study was to investigate if carbon dioxide laser irradiation and topical fluoride can be used to treat incipient caries lesions to inhibit further progression, i.e. treat active lesion surfaces as opposed to sound surfaces prior to subjecting them to an acid challenge. Simulated active caries lesions were produced on twenty eight bovine enamel samples using a pH cycling model and those surfaces were irradiated by a 9.4 μm CO2 laser and treated with topical fluoride. Changes in the surface morphology, acid resistance, and permeability were measured using digital microscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and SWIR reflectance surface dehydration rate measurements at 1950 nm after exposure to a further acid challenge. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of further lesion progression for lesion windows treated with CO2 laser irradiation followed by the application of an acidulated phosphate fluoride gel compared to the untreated lesion windows on each sample. Treatment by laser irradiation alone was not effective. The degree of lesion inhibition was not as high as has been previously observed for laser irradiated sound enamel surfaces exposed to an acid challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tressel
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Filipp Kashirtsev
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Kevin Cheung
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Jacob Simon
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Daniel Fried
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
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Engel Y, Silva CVD, Ramos-Oliveira TM, Mantilla TF, Tavares JDP, Freitas PMD. Effect of CO2 laser combined with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution on the prevention of human and bovine enamel erosion. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e054. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Feng T, Ge Y, Xie Y, Xie W, Liu C, Li L, Ta D, Jiang Q, Cheng Q. Detection of collagen by multi-wavelength photoacoustic analysis as a biomarker for bone health assessment. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 24:100296. [PMID: 34522607 PMCID: PMC8426564 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is an important biomarker of osteoporosis progression. Noninvasive, multispectral, photoacoustic (PA) techniques use pulsed laser light to induce PA signals to facilitate the visualization of chemical components that are strongly related to tissue health. In this study, the feasibility of multi-wavelength PA (MWPA) measurement of the collagen in bone, using the wavelength range of 1300-1800 nm, was investigated. First, the feasibility of this approach for detecting the collagen content of bone was demonstrated by means of numerical simulation. Then, ex vivo experiments were conducted on both animal and human bone specimens with different bone densities using the MWPA method. The relative collagen content was extracted and compared with the results of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. The results showed that the "relative collagen content" parameter obtained using the MWPA approach correlated well with the bone volume ratio obtained from micro-CT images and histological analysis results. This study highlights the potential of the proposed PA technique for determining the collagen content of bones as a biomarker for bone health assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Feng
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuxiang Ge
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Yejing Xie
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Weiya Xie
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dean Ta
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- The Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
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Tavares JDP, da Silva CV, Engel Y, de Freitas PM, Rechmann P. In situ effect of CO2 laser (9.3 μm) irradiation, combined with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution in prevention and control of erosive tooth wear in human enamel. Caries Res 2021; 55:617-628. [PMID: 34689142 DOI: 10.1159/000520215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This single-blind, controlled cross-over in situ study aimed to evaluate the effect of CO2 laser (9.3µm) irradiation, combined with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution on prevention and control of Erosive Tooth Wear (ETW) in human enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two trial conditions were analyzed, Condition-1 as ETW-prevention (sound tooth surface) and Condition-2 as ETW-control (in vitro initial erosive lesion). The experiment was conducted in two phases, one with one without exposure to AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution. A hundred and ninety-two samples of human enamel (3x3x1mm) were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups for each condition: (C) without treatment (negative control); (F) AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution (positive control); (L) CO2 laser irradiation; (L+F) CO2 laser+AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution. Twelve volunteers used a removable device each containing 8 samples per phase. Ex-vivo erosive challenges (4×5min/day) and rinsing protocol (1×30s/day) were performed. The surface loss was determined using optical profilometer (n=12 per group), and the surface morphology was observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (n=3). RESULTS Condition-1 data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Condition-2 by two-way repeated measures ANOVA, both with Tukey post-hoc tests (α=5%). Condition-1: groups L (4.59 ±2.95µm) and L+F (1.58 ±1.24µm) showed significantly less surface loss in preventing ETW than groups C and F. Condition-2: in controlling the progression of ETW, L+F was the only group with no significant surface loss between initial erosive lesion (3.65 ±0.16µm) and after erosive challenge (4.99 ±1.17µm). CONCLUSIONS CO2 9.3µm laser application prevented and controlled ETW progression in human enamel, with greater efficiency when combined with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane de Paula Tavares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Camila Vieira da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yael Engel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded to enamel pretreated with Er,Cr:YSGG LASER and CPP-ACP. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:306. [PMID: 34126965 PMCID: PMC8204548 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased risk of enamel demineralization during and after orthodontic treatment raises the demand for better preventive measures including combinations of laser, CPP-ACP, and fluoride. The combination of Er,Cr:YSGG laser with CPP-ACP was proved to have a synergetic effect compared to each of them alone. Shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to the enamel surface after being treated with preventive measures is critical. The aim of this study was to compare the SBS and failure mode of metallic brackets bonded to teeth with no pretreatment and pretreated enamel surface, either with Er,Cr:YSGG laser alone or combined with CPP-ACP. Methods Sixty sound extracted human premolar teeth were allocated randomly to 3 groups: In Group 1 (control), teeth were etched and bonded directly; in Group 2, laser pretreatment of the enamel surface was done followed by etching and bonding as in the control group; in Group 3, the enamel surface was lased then CPP-ACP was applied according to the manufacturer instructions, etched and bonded. SBS and Adhesive remnant index (ARI) were evaluated. Results No significant differences were found between the 3 groups neither in the SBS nor in the ARI scores. Conclusions The use of combined Er,Cr:YSGG laser with CPP-ACP as a preventive measure before bonding orthodontic brackets does not endanger the bracket’s bonding strength.
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Luk K, Niu JY, Gutknecht N, Zhao IS, Chu CH. Preventing Enamel Caries Using Carbon Dioxide Laser and Silver Diamine Fluoride. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 39:297-302. [PMID: 33373541 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study was intended to investigate the caries prevention potential of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser (λ = 10,600 nm) irradiation followed by application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to enamel. Materials and methods: Human enamel specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 10 per group). Group 1 specimens were treated with SDF; Group 2 specimens were treated with a CO2 laser; Group 3 specimens were irradiated with a CO2 laser then treated with SDF, and Group 4 specimens received no treatment. All specimens were subjected to pH cycling for cariogenic challenge. Lesion depth, microhardness, surface morphology, and elemental analysis were assessed. Results: The lesion depths for Groups 1-4 were 33 ± 16, 80 ± 9, 18 ± 15, and 102 ± 9 μm, respectively (p < 0.001; Group 3 < Group 1 < Group 2 < Group 4). Knoop hardness values for Groups 1-4 were 61 ± 19, 68 ± 20, 78 ± 27, and 36 ± 8, respectively (p = 0.002; Group 4 < Groups 1, 2, and 3). The enamel in Group 4 but not in the other groups showed a roughened surface resembling an acid-etched pattern. Calcium-to-phosphorus molar ratios of Groups 1-4 were 1.68 ± 60.09, 1.61 ± 0.06, 1.69 ± 0.10, and 1.49 ± 0.10, respectively (p < 0.001; Group 4 < Groups 1, 2, and 3). Conclusions: Using the CO2 laser or SDF separately enhanced the resistance of enamel to cariogenic challenge. Moreover, there was an additional effect of the combined use of the CO2 laser and SDF for preventing enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Luk
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Yun Niu
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Norbert Gutknecht
- Department of Operative Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irene Shuping Zhao
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Huang X, Xie J, Lan Y, Sun Z, Zhang M, Guo L. The effects of 45S5 bioactive glass and Er:YAG Laser on the microtensile bond strength of fluorosed teeth. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:1558-1565. [PMID: 33220004 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of 45S5 bioactive glass (BAG) and Er:YAG laser as desensitization treatments on the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of fluorosed teeth. The 120 noncarious fluorosis were to obtain superficial dentin, being classified into four groups according to the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI). Specimens from each group were randomly divided into five subgroups. After fluorosed teeth hypersensitivity models were established, the following pretreatments were applied on dentine surface: Subgroup 1: deionized water (Control); Subgroup 2: BAG; Subgroup 3: Er:YAG laser; Subgroup 4: BAG + Er:YAG laser, and Subgroup 5: Er:YAG laser + BAG. One sample was randomly selected from each subgroup for scanning electron microscope (SEM). The remaining samples were bonded with composite resin by Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive. Then water bath at 37°C for 24 hr. After 5,000 thermocycling, MTBS was tested and fracture mode was analyzed. The difference of MTBS between BAG group and Control group was found statistically significant (p < .05) in fluorosis. The Er:YAG laser + BAG group showed lowest MTBS values in fluorosis. In conclusion, the pretreatment of BAG might be beneficial to the adhesive of fluorosed teeth. Er:YAG laser desensitization alone or using BAG first and then Er:YAG laser desensitization might not affect the adhesive of fluorosed teeth, while Er:YAG laser desensitization followed by the pretreatment of BAG would be not conducive to the adhesive of fluorosed teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuyan Lan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfan Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meifeng Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Badreddine AH, Couitt S, Donovan J, Cantor-Balan R, Kerbage C, Rechmann P. Demineralization Inhibition by High-Speed Scanning of 9.3 µm CO 2 Single Laser Pulses Over Enamel. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 53:703-712. [PMID: 33161599 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the use of an automated system for high-speed scanning of single 9.3 µm CO2 laser pulses in the inhibition of caries-like lesion formation in the enamel of extracted human molars. The effect of the laser in generating an acid-resistant layer and the effect of the layer on inhibiting surface mineral loss during pH cycling was explored. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Laser irradiation was performed with fluences of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 J/cm2 for single pulses of 1 mm diameter (1/e2 ), with pulse durations of 17, 22, and 27 microseconds, respectively. The laser was scanned at a 750 Hz pulse repetition rate in an automated pattern covering an area of 7 mm2 in 0.3 sec. Six treatment groups were investigated: three groups for each fluence for laser-only and three for laser irradiation with additional fluoride from a toothpaste slurry (sodium fluoride at 1100 ppm). Each group used non-irradiated areas, which included untreated controls for the laser-only groups and a fluoride-only treatment for the groups with additional fluoride. pH cycling was performed on both groups, followed by microhardness testing to determine the relative mineral loss (∆Z) from a caries-like formation and surface mineral loss (∆S). RESULTS Laser irradiation with the 9.3 µm CO2 laser generated an acid-resistant layer of about 15 µm in depth. For the laser-irradiated samples with additional fluoride application, the relative mineral loss (∆Z) was 113 ± 63 vol%-µm, while for those with only fluoride application ∆Z was 572 ± 172 vol%-µm. At the highest fluence (1.0 J/cm2 ) used, an 80.2% inhibition of caries-like lesion was measured by ∆Z. Using only laser irradiation at the highest fluence resulted in an inhibition of caries-like lesion of 79.5% for the irradiated samples (∆Z = 374 ± 149 vol%-µm) relative to the control (∆Z = 1826 ± 325 vol%-µm). Surface microhardness tests resulted in an inhibition of surface softening, as measured by the Knoop Hardness Value (KHN) (108 ± 33 KHN for laser irradiated with additional fluoride, for non-irradiated controls with fluoride only 52 ± 16 KHN). Inhibition of surface loss was observed for all laser fluences, but the maximum surface loss for the untreated control group was only 2.2 ± 0.49 µm. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate a significant benefit of the 9.3 µm CO2 laser at fluences of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 J/cm2 in caries-like lesion inhibition as measured by the relative mineral loss in depth and surface mineral loss, without significant damage to the enamel. Additionally, inhibition of surface softening and surface loss during pH cycling was observed. The surface loss was small compared with the overall lesion depth and thickness of the generated acid-resistant layer. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Badreddine
- Convergent Dental, Inc., 140 Kendrick St Bldg C3, Needham, Massachusetts, 02494
| | - Stephen Couitt
- Convergent Dental, Inc., 140 Kendrick St Bldg C3, Needham, Massachusetts, 02494
| | - Julia Donovan
- Convergent Dental, Inc., 140 Kendrick St Bldg C3, Needham, Massachusetts, 02494
| | - Roni Cantor-Balan
- Convergent Dental, Inc., 140 Kendrick St Bldg C3, Needham, Massachusetts, 02494
| | - Charles Kerbage
- Convergent Dental, Inc., 140 Kendrick St Bldg C3, Needham, Massachusetts, 02494
| | - Peter Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California, 94143
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Fissure caries inhibition with a CO 2 9.3-μm short-pulsed laser-a randomized, single-blind, split-mouth controlled, 1-year clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2055-2068. [PMID: 32803438 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this randomized, single-blind, split-mouth controlled, clinical trial was to evaluate whether the use of a short-pulsed 9.3-μm CO2 laser increases the caries resistance of occlusal pit and fissures in addition to fluoride therapy over 12 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 participants, average age 13.1 years, were enrolled. At baseline, second molars were randomized into test and control, and assessed by ICDAS, SOPROLIFE, and DIAGNOdent. An independent investigator irradiated test molars with a CO2 laser (wavelength 9.3 μm, pulse duration 4 μs, pulse repetition rate 43 Hz, beam diameter 250 μm, average fluence 3.9 J/cm2, 20 laser pulses per spot). Test molars received laser and fluoride treatment, control teeth fluoride alone. Fluoride varnish was applied at baseline and at 6 months. After 6 and 12 months, teeth were again assessed. RESULTS A total of 57 participants completed the 6-month and 51 the 12-month recall. Laser-treated surfaces showed very slight ICDAS improvements over time with ICDAS change - 1 in 11% and 8%, no changes (ICDAS change 0) in 68% and 67%, and slightly worsened (ICDAS change 1) in 19% and 24% at 6- and 12-month recalls, respectively, and worsened by two scores in 2% at both recall time points. Control teeth showed significantly higher ICDAS increases, with 47% and 25% showing ICDAS change 0, ICDAS change 1 in 49% and 55%, and ICDAS change 2 in 4% and 20% at 6- and 12-month recalls, respectively. Differences in ICDAS changes between the groups were statistically significant (P = 0.0002 and P < 0.0001; Wilcoxon's signed-rank test, exact). A total of 22% of the participants developed ICDAS 3 scores on the control teeth. CONCLUSIONS Microsecond short-pulsed 9.3-μm CO2 laser irradiation markedly inhibits caries progression in pits and fissures in comparison with fluoride varnish alone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The 9.3-μm CO2 laser irradiation of pits and fissures enhances caries resistance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02357979.
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Adel SM, Marzouk ES, El-Harouni N. Combined effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate on the prevention of enamel demineralization. Angle Orthod 2020; 90:369-375. [PMID: 33378425 PMCID: PMC8032298 DOI: 10.2319/032819-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of use of laser, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and their combination on prevention of enamel demineralization using polarized light microscopy to assess lesion depth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty premolars were randomly allocated to four equal groups (n = 20): Group I: Control group, no preventive measures. Group II: CPP-ACP. Group III: Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Group IV: Er,Cr:YSGG laser followed by CPP-ACP. Specimens were subjected to thermocycling and brushing protocols equivalent to 1 year intraorally. Then, all teeth were subjected to acid challenge. Teeth were then sectioned longitudinally and examined under a polarized light microscope and lesion depth was measured. RESULTS Group IV resulted in the least lesion depth with a significant difference between it and all other groups. CPP-ACP alone and laser alone also showed a significant difference in white spot lesion (WSL) depth compared to the control group; however, no significant difference was found between them. CONCLUSIONS The combined use of laser and CPP-ACP showed the best prevention against WSL development. The use of CPP-ACP or laser alone also resulted in a significant reduction in lesion depth but was significantly less than their combined use, with no significant difference between them.
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Silva CV, Mantilla TF, Engel Y, Tavares JP, Freitas PM, Rechmann P. The effect of CO 2 9.3 μm short-pulsed laser irradiation in enamel erosion reduction with and without fluoride applications-a randomized, controlled in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1213-1222. [PMID: 32030555 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-02979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the protective effect of short-pulsed CO2 9.3 μm laser irradiation against erosion in human enamel without and combined with TiF4 and AmF/NaF/SnCl2 applications, respectively, as well as compared to the protective effect of these fluoride treatments alone. After polishing, ninety enamel samples (3 × 3mm) were used for 9 different treatment groups: 4% TiF4 gel (pH 1.5, 24,533 ppm F-); AmF/NaF/SnCl2 rinse (pH 4.5; 500 ppm F-, 800 ppm Sn2); CO2 laser (average power 0.58 W); CO2 laser (0.58 W) + TiF4; CO2 laser (0.58 W) + AmF/NaF/SnCl2; CO2 laser (0.69 W); CO2 laser (0.69 W) + TiF4; CO2 laser (0.69 W) + AmF/NaF/SnCl2; negative control (deionized water). TiF4 gel was brushed on only once before the first erosive cycling, while samples treated with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 were daily immersed in 5 ml of the solution before cycling. Laser treatment occurred with a CO2 laser (wavelength 9.3 μm, pulse repetition rate 100 Hz, pulse duration 14.6 μs/18 μs, average power 0.58 W/0.69 W, fluence 1.9 J/cm2/2.2 J/cm2, beam diameter 0.63 mm, irradiation time 10 s, air cooling). TiF4 was applied only once, while AmF/NaF/SnCl2 was applied once daily before the erosive challenge. Surface loss (in μm) was measured with optical profilometry immediately after treatment, and after 5 and 10 days of erosive cycling (0.5% citric acid, pH 2.3, 6 × 2 min/day). Additionally, scanning electron microscopy investigations were performed. All application measures resulted in loss of surface height immediately after treatment. After 5 days, significantly reduced surface loss was observed after applying laser irradiation (both power settings) followed by applications of TiF4 or AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution (p < 0.05; 2-way ANOVA and Tukey test) compared to fluoride application alone. After 10 days, compared to after 5 days, a reduced tissue loss was observed in all groups treated with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution. This tissue gain occurred with the AmF/NaF/SnCl2 application alone and was significantly higher when the application was combined with the laser use (p < 0.05). Short-pulsed CO2 9.3 μm laser irradiation followed by additional application of AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution significantly reduces the progression of dental enamel erosion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - T F Mantilla
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Y Engel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - J P Tavares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - P M Freitas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - P Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Rechmann P, Le CQ, Kinsel R, Kerbage C, Rechmann BMT. In vitro CO 2 9.3-μm short-pulsed laser caries prevention-effects of a newly developed laser irradiation pattern. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:979-989. [PMID: 31897815 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Caries prevention with different lasers has been investigated in laboratory studies and clinical pilot trials. Objective of this in vitro study was to assess whether 9.3-μm microsecond short-pulsed CO2 laser irradiation enhances enamel caries resistance without melting, with and without additional fluoride application. Seven groups of enamel, totaling 105 human enamel samples, were irradiated with 2 different carbon dioxide lasers with 2 different energy application systems (original versus spread beam; 9.3 μm wavelength, pulse repetition rate 43 Hz vs 100 Hz, fluence ranges from 1.4 to 3.9 J/cm2, pulse duration 3 μs to 18 μs). The laboratory pH-cycling was performed with or without additional fluoride, followed by cross-sectional microhardness testing. To assess caries inhibition, the mean relative mineral loss delta Z (∆Z) was determined. To evaluate for melting, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations were performed. For the non-laser control groups with additional fluoride use, the relative mineral loss (ΔZ, vol% × μm) ranged between 512 ± 292 and 809 ± 297 (mean ± SD). ΔZ for the laser-irradiated samples with fluoride use ranged between 186 ± 214 and 374 ± 191, averaging a 58% ± 6% mineral loss reduction (ANOVA, P < 0.01 to P < 0.0001). For the non-laser-treated controls without additional fluoride, the mineral loss increased (ΔZ 914 ± 422 to 1224 ± 736). In contrast, the ΔZ for the laser-treated groups without additional fluoride ranged between 463 ± 190 and 594 ± 272 (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001) indicative of 50% ± 2% average reduction in mineral loss. Enhanced caries resistance was achieved by all applied fluences. Using the spread beam resulted in enhanced resistance without enamel melting as seen by SEM. CO2 9.3-μm short-pulsed laser irradiation with both laser beam configurations resulted in highly significant reduction in enamel mineral loss. Modifying the beam to a more homogenous profile will allow enamel caries resistance even without apparent enamel melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - C Q Le
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - R Kinsel
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - C Kerbage
- Convergent Dental, 140 Kendrick Street, Bldg C3, Needham, MA, 02494, USA
| | - B M T Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Santos LC, Sfalcin RA, Garcia EJ, Zanin FAA, Brugnera Junior A, Silva DFT, Horliana ACRT, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Bussadori SK. Microleakage of "Bulk-Fill" Composite Resin for Class II Restorations Pretreated With CO 2 Laser in Deciduous Molars: An In Vitro Study. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:304-309. [PMID: 31875123 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Microleakage has been reported to cause dentin hypersensitivity because of the passage of bacteria and their products through the restoration-tooth interface and is one of the main reasons for replacement of restorations. CO2 laser can be used for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate in vitro the microleakage in composite restorations following surface pretreatment with acid etching and CO2 laser. Methods: Twelve human caries-free primary molars were selected. Class II cavities were prepared on occlusal mesial and occlusal distal surfaces. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=6): Group 1 (G1) - 37% phosphoric acid gel etching + Beautiful-Bulk Restorative - Giomer (Shofu Inc); Group 2 (G2) - 37% phosphoric acid gel etching + SDR Bulk-Fill Flow (Dentsply); Group 3 (G3) - CO2 laser irradiation + Beautiful-Bulk Restorative - Giomer (Shofu Inc); Group 4 (G4) - CO2 laser irradiation + SDR Bulk-Fill Flow (Dentsply). Surfaces were restored with bonding agent (Natural Bond DE, DFL). Specimens were cut longitudinally and immersed in 0.5% methylene blue solution for 4 hours. Microleakage scores were assessed under a magnifying glass at x3,5 and qualitatively analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed using nonparametric Wilcoxon test (P < 0.05). Results: Scores prevailed between 0 and 2, however, no statistically significant difference was found among the groups (P = 0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that all composite resins bulk fill did not show significant difference among them regarding microleakage using either CO2 laser or 37% phosphoric acid etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Costa Santos
- Department of Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St, 235, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ravana Angelini Sfalcin
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St, 235, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugenio José Garcia
- Postgraduate Program in Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St, 235, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fátima Antônia Aparecida Zanin
- Postgraduate Program in Laser in Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) and Founder of Brugnera and Zanin Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo Brugnera Junior
- Biomedicine Engineering Division, Camilo Castelo Branco University, Estrada Dr altino Bondesan, 500, Eugênio de Melo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fátima Teixeira Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St, 235, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St, 235, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St, 235, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St, 235, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St, 235, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil
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Loiola ABDA, Aires CP, Curylofo-Zotti FA, Rodrigues Junior AL, Souza-Gabriel AE, Corona SAM. The Impact of CO 2 Laser Treatment and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride on Enamel Demineralization and Biofilm Formation. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:200-206. [PMID: 31749946 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study evaluated the impact of CO2 laser treatment and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) on enamel demineralization and biofilm formation, using in vitro and in situ designs. Methods: Demineralized enamel slabs were distributed among 8 groups: placebo, placebo + continuous CO2 laser, placebo + repeated CO2 laser, placebo + ultrapulsed CO2 laser, 1.23% APF, APF + continuous CO2 laser, APF + repeated CO2 laser and APF + ultrapulsed CO2 laser. In the in vitro study, 15 enamel slabs from each group were subjected to a pH-cycling regimen for 14 days. In the cross over in situ design, 11 volunteers wore palatal appliances with demineralized enamel slabs for 2 periods of 14 days each. Drops of sucrose solution were dripped onto enamel slabs 8×/day. Biofilms formed on slabs were collected and the colony-forming units (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus were determined. Results: For both in vitro and in situ studies, there was no significant difference between treatments (P>0.05). However, all treatments increased microhardness of demineralized enamel (P<0.05). After a further in situ cariogenic challenge, with the exception of the placebo, all treatments maintained microhardness values (P<0.05). Microbiological analysis showed no difference in Streptococcus mutans (P>0.05) or Lactobacillus (P>0.05) counts between groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that APF gel combined with the CO2 laser, regardless of the pulse emission mode used, was effective in controlling enamel demineralization, but none of the tested treatments was able to prevent bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bárbara de Araújo Loiola
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Carolina Patrícia Aires
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Fabiana Almeida Curylofo-Zotti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Antônio Luiz Rodrigues Junior
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14049- 900
| | - Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
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22
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Chan KH, Fried D. Selective ablation of dental caries using coaxial Co2(9.3-μm) and near-IR (1880-nm) lasers. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 51:176-184. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H. Chan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco 94143-0758 California
| | - Daniel Fried
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco 94143-0758 California
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Belcheva A, El Feghali R, Nihtianova T, Parker S. Effect of the carbon dioxide 10,600-nm laser and topical fluoride gel application on enamel microstructure and microhardness after acid challenge: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1009-1017. [PMID: 29354864 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate positive effects of the carbon dioxide laser (CO2, 10,600 nm) with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel on enamel acid resistance. Twenty extracted human third molars (40 surfaces) were randomly assigned into four groups: group C, untreated control; group L, CO2 laser alone group; group F, APF 1.23% fluoride gel; and group FL, APF 1.23% gel and laser. Samples from group L were irradiated with a CO2 laser for 30s. The parameter settings used were average power, 0.73 W; time on, 100 μs; time off, 40 ms; tip-to-tissue distance, 20 mm; tip diameter 700 μm; and energy density with movements, 5 J/cm2. Samples from group F were treated with the APF gel for 4 min, and the gel was washed off with distilled water. The enamel samples from group FL were treated with APF gel for 4 min and then irradiated with the CO2 laser for 30s without removing the gel. Each enamel sample was placed in 50 ml soft drink (pH = 2.75) for 10 min then rinsed with deionized water and stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C for 1 h. Samples were assessed for Vickers hardness number (VHN) before and after treatments and subjected to SEM analysis. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (α < 0.05). After the acid challenge, the untreated C group was demineralized to a great extent and the enamel surface was with the lowest mean score of microhardness. The observed VHN in the control (C group) had a mean value of 176.13, the scores in the CO2 laser group (L group) were with mean value of 238.40, the F group with a mean value of 218.45, and the fluoride-treated and laser-irradiated FL group-with a mean of 268.28 VHN. Paired t test performed to compare groups C, L, F, and FL has shown that group FL has greater resistance to decrease in microhardness of dental enamel (P ≤ 0.05) on exposure to acidic protocol. After the acid challenge, the fluoride-treated and laser-irradiated samples (group FL) showed the least diminution in enamel surface microhardness. The sub-ablative carbon dioxide laser irradiation in combination with fluoride treatment is more effective in protecting enamel surface and resisting demineralization than CO2 laser irradiation or fluoride alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belcheva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - R El Feghali
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - T Nihtianova
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - S Parker
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Cai J, Palamara JEA, Manton DJ, Burrow MF. Status and progress of treatment methods for root caries in the last decade: a literature review. Aust Dent J 2017; 63:34-54. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Cai
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - JEA Palamara
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - DJ Manton
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - MF Burrow
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
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Rechmann P, Bartolome N, Kinsel R, Vaderhobli R, Rechmann BMT. Bond strength of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems to enamel and dentin irradiated with a novel CO 2 9.3 μm short-pulsed laser for dental restorative procedures. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1981-1993. [PMID: 28812169 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CO2 9.3 μm short-pulsed laser irradiation on the shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel and dentin. Two hundred enamel and 210 dentin samples were irradiated with a 9.3 µm carbon dioxide laser (Solea, Convergent Dental, Inc., Natick, MA) with energies which either enhanced caries resistance or were effective for ablation. OptiBond Solo Plus [OptiBondTE] (Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA) and Peak Universal Bond light-cured adhesive [PeakTE] (Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT) were used. In addition, Scotchbond Universal [ScotchbondSE] (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN) and Peak SE self-etching primer with Peak Universal Bond light-cured adhesive [PeakSE] (Ultradent Products) were tested. Clearfil APX (Kuraray, New York, NY) was bonded to the samples. After 24 h, a single plane shear bond test was performed. Using the caries preventive setting on enamel resulted in increased shear bond strength for all bonding agents except for self-etch PeakSE. The highest overall bond strength was seen with PeakTE (41.29 ± 6.04 MPa). Etch-and-rinse systems achieved higher bond strength values to ablated enamel than the self-etch systems did. PeakTE showed the highest shear bond strength with 35.22 ± 4.40 MPa. OptiBondTE reached 93.8% of its control value. The self-etch system PeakSE presented significantly lower bond strength. The shear bond strength to dentin ranged between 19.15 ± 3.49 MPa for OptiBondTE and 43.94 ± 6.47 MPa for PeakSE. Etch-and-rinse systems had consistently higher bond strength to CO2 9.3 µm laser-ablated enamel. Using the maximum recommended energy for dentin ablation, the self-etch system PeakSE reached the highest bond strength (43.9 ± 6.5 MPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - N Bartolome
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - R Kinsel
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - R Vaderhobli
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - B M T Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Zeitouni J, Clough B, Zeitouni S, Saleem M, Al Aisami K, Gregory C. The effects of the Er:YAG laser on trabecular bone micro-architecture: Comparison with conventional dental drilling by micro-computed tomographic and histological techniques. F1000Res 2017; 6:1133. [PMID: 29416849 PMCID: PMC5782408 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12018.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of lasers has become increasingly common in the field of medicine and dentistry, and there is a growing need for a deeper understanding of the procedure and its effects on tissue. The aim of this study was to compare the erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser and conventional drilling techniques, by observing the effects on trabecular bone microarchitecture and the extent of thermal and mechanical damage. Methods: Ovine femoral heads were employed to mimic maxillofacial trabecular bone, and cylindrical osteotomies were generated to mimic implant bed preparation. Various laser parameters were tested, as well as a conventional dental drilling technique. The specimens were then subjected to micro-computed tomographic (μCT) histomorphometic analysis and histology. Results: Herein, we demonstrate that mCT measurements of trabecular porosity provide quantitative evidence that laser-mediated cutting preserves the trabecular architecture and reduces thermal and mechanical damage at the margins of the cut. We confirmed these observations with histological studies. In contrast with laser-mediated cutting, conventional drilling resulted in trabecular collapse, reduction of porosity at the margin of the cut and histological signs of thermal damage. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated, for the first time, that mCT and quantification of porosity at the margin of the cut provides a quantitative insight into damage caused by bone cutting techniques. We further show that with laser-mediated cutting, the marrow remains exposed to the margins of the cut, facilitating cellular infiltration and likely accelerating healing. However, with drilling, trabecular collapse and thermal damage is likely to delay healing by restricting the passage of cells to the site of injury and causing localized cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bret Clough
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Suzanne Zeitouni
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Carl Gregory
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
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Lee R, Chan KH, Jew J, Simon JC, Fried D. Synergistic effect of fluoride and laser irradiation for the inhibition of the demineralization of dental enamel. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [PMID: 28626286 DOI: 10.1117/12.2256739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Both laser irradiation and fluoride treatment alone are known to provide increased resistance to acid dissolution. CO2 lasers tuned to a wavelength of 9.3 μm can be used to efficiently convert the carbonated hydroxyapatite of enamel to a much more acid resistant purer phase hydroxyapatite (HAP). Further studies have shown that fluoride application to HAP yields fluoroapatite (FAP) which is even more resistant against acid dissolution. Previous studies show that CO2 lasers and fluoride treatments interact synergistically to provide significantly higher protection than either method alone, but the mechanism of interaction has not been elucidated. We recently observed the formation of microcracks or a "crazed" zone in the irradiated region that is resistant to demineralization using high-resolution microscopy. The microcracks are formed due to the slight contraction of enamel due to transformation of carbonated hydroxyapatite to the more acid resistant pure phase hydroxyapatite (HAP) that has a smaller lattice. In this study, we test the hypothesis that these small cracks will provide greater adhesion for topical fluoride for greater protection against acid demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Lee
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Kenneth H Chan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Jamison Jew
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Jacob C Simon
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Daniel Fried
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
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Kim JW, Lee R, Chan KH, Jew JM, Fried D. Influence of a pulsed CO2 laser operating at 9.4 μm on the surface morphology, reflectivity, and acid resistance of dental enamel below the threshold for melting. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:28001. [PMID: 28145558 PMCID: PMC5286555 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.2.028001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Below the threshold for laser ablation, the mineral phase of enamel is converted into a purer phase hydroxyapatite with increased acid resistance. Studies suggest the possibility of achieving the conversion without visible surface alteration. In this study, changes in the surface morphology, reflectivity, and acid resistance were monitored with varying irradiation intensity. Bovine enamel specimens were irradiated using a CO 2 laser operating at 9.4 ?? ? m with a Gaussian spatial beam profile—1.6 to 3.1 mm in diameter. After laser treatment, samples were subjected to demineralization to simulate the acidic intraoral conditions of dental decay. The resulting demineralization and erosion were assessed using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography, three-dimensional digital microscopy, and polarized light microscopy. Distinct changes in the surface morphology and the degree of inhibition were found within the laser-treated area in accordance with the laser intensity profile. Subtle visual changes were noted below the melting point for enamel that appear to correspond to thresholds for denaturation of the organic phase and thermal decomposition of the mineral phase. There was significant protection from laser irradiation in areas in which the reflectivity was not increased significantly, suggesting that aesthetically sensitive areas of the tooth can be treated for caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan Kim
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0758, United States
| | - Raymond Lee
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0758, United States
| | - Kenneth H. Chan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0758, United States
| | - Jamison M. Jew
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0758, United States
| | - Daniel Fried
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0758, United States
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Influence of irradiation by a novel CO 2 9.3-μm short-pulsed laser on sealant bond strength. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:609-620. [PMID: 28132137 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate whether irradiation of enamel with a novel CO2 9.3-μm short-pulsed laser using energies that enhance caries resistance influences the shear bond strength of composite resin sealants to the irradiated enamel. Seventy bovine and 240 human enamel samples were irradiated with a 9.3-μm carbon dioxide laser (Solea, Convergent Dental, Inc., Natick, MA) with four different laser energies known to enhance caries resistance or ablate enamel (pulse duration from 3 μs at 1.6 mJ/pulse to 43 μs at 14.9 mJ/pulse with fluences between 3.3 and 30.4 J/cm2, pulse repetition rate between 4.1 and 41.3 Hz, beam diameter of 0.25 mm and 1-mm spiral pattern, and focus distance of 4-15 mm). Irradiation was performed "freehand" or using a computerized, motor-driven stage. Enamel etching was achieved with 37% phosphoric acid (Scotchbond Universal etchant, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN). As bonding agent, Adper Single Bond Plus was used followed by placing Z250 Filtek Supreme flowable composite resin (both 3M ESPE). After 24 h water storage, a single-plane shear bond test was performed (UltraTester, Ultradent Products, Inc., South Jordan, UT). All laser-irradiated samples showed equal or higher bond strength than non-laser-treated controls. The highest shear bond strength values were observed with the 3-μs pulse duration/0.25-mm laser pattern (mean ± SD = 31.90 ± 2.50 MPa), representing a significant 27.4% bond strength increase over the controls (25.04 ± 2.80 MPa, P ≤ 0.0001). Two other caries-preventive irradiation (3 μs/1 mm and 7 μs/0.25 mm) and one ablative pattern (23 μs/0.25 mm) achieved significantly increased bond strength compared to the controls. Bovine enamel also showed in all test groups increased shear bond strength over the controls. Computerized motor-driven stage irradiation did not show superior bond strength values over the clinically more relevant freehand irradiation. Enamel that is made caries-resistant with CO2 9.3-μm short-pulsed laser irradiation showed at least equal or significantly higher shear bond strength to pit and fissure sealants than non-laser-irradiated enamel. The risk of a sealant failure due to CO2 9.3-μm short-pulsed laser irradiation appears reduced. If additional laser ablation is required before placing a sealant, the CO2 9.3-μm enamel laser-cut showed equivalent or superior bond strength to a flowable sealant.
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Gawali PN, Chaugule VB, Panse AM. Comparison of Microleakage and Penetration Depth between Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Sealants in Primary Second Molar. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017; 9:291-295. [PMID: 28127158 PMCID: PMC5233693 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Optimal pit and fissure sealing is determined by surface preparation techniques and choice of materials. The performance of pit and fissure sealant materials has been intensively investigated, yet no single product is reported as an ideal sealant. In children, moisture control during cavity preparation is always a big challenge, and hence, hydrophilic sealants have been developed. Aim To compare the microleakage and penetration depth of hydrophilic and hydrophobic sealants using acid-etching on dry and moist surfaces. Materials and methods Recently, extracted 28 2nd primary molars are assigned to two groups (hydrophobic group I; hydrophilic group II) depending on the surface condition (dry group: A1 and B1; moist group: A2 and B2) of 7 teeth in each group. Samples from group A1 and B1 are cleaned and dried with a 3-way syringe and etched with etching gel, and sealant is applied to the fissures and cured with visible light. Sample from A2 and B2 are immersed in 0.1 mL of fresh whole human saliva for 20 seconds and dried using a pellet cotton, and the same procedure is carried out. All samples are subjected to 1000 thermal cycles and sectioned to compare the depth of penetration and microleakage. Sections will be examined under light microscope and analyzed using an image analysis software (SigmaScan). Results The least microleakage was seen with hydrophilic sealant under moist surface condition, and the depth of penetration of hydrophobic sealant was found to be better than that of hydrophilic sealant in both dry and moist surface conditions. Conclusion Hydrophilic pit and fissure sealants showed higher tolerance to saliva contamination with less microleakage, but in terms of penetration ability hydrophobic sealants were found to be superior. How to cite this article Gawali PN, Chaugule VB, Panse AM. Comparison of Microleakage and Penetration Depth between Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Sealants in Primary Second Molar. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(4):291-295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh N Gawali
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishwas B Chaugule
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amey M Panse
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Progression of erosive lesions after Nd:YAG laser and fluoride using optical coherence tomography. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 32:1-8. [PMID: 27640001 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess the progression of erosive lesions after irradiation with Nd:YAG laser and application of topical fluoride. One-hundred and twenty dentin samples (4 × 4 × 2 mm) obtained from bovine incisors were used. Samples were protected with acid-resistant nail varnish, with exception of a central circular area 2 mm in diameter. All samples were submitted to erosive cycles with citric acid solution 0.05 M (citric acid monohydrate-C6H8O7·H2O); M = 210.14 g/mol) pH 2.3, at room temperature, for 20 min, 2×/day, throughout 20 days. After 10 days of acid challenges, lesions became visible, and each group received a different treatment (n = 15): control (without treatment), topical application of sodium fluoride 2 % for 4 min; Nd:YAG laser with different irradiation parameters (1, 0.7, and 0.5 W); and the association of fluoride with the laser parameters. OCT readouts were performed on day 01 (before the first acid challenge-OCT1), on day 05 (OCT2), day 10 (OCT3-after treatment), day 15 (OCT4), day 17 (OCT5), and day 20 (OCT6). The OCT images generated made it possible to measure the amount of tooth tissue loss over the 20 days of erosive cycle, before and after treatments, and to monitor early dentin demineralization progression. After statistical analysis, the fluoride group was observed to be the one that showed smaller loss of tissue over time. The OCT technique is promising for diagnosing and monitoring erosive lesion damage; however, further in vitro and in vivo research is needed to improve its use.
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Alaghehmand H, Nezhad Nasrollah F, Nokhbatolfoghahaei H, Fekrazad R. An In Vitro Comparison of the Bond Strength of Composite to Superficial and Deep Dentin, Treated With Er:YAG Laser Irradiation or Acid-Etching. J Lasers Med Sci 2016; 7:167-171. [PMID: 28144437 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2016.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the micro-shear bond strength of composite resin on superficial and deep dentin after conditioning with phosphoric acid and Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser. Methods: Thirty human molars were selected, roots were removed and crowns were bisected to provide a total of 60 half-crowns. Specimens were ground to expose superficial and deep dentin. Samples were assigned to six groups: (1) AS (acid etching of superficial dentin); (2) AD (acid etching of deep dentin); (3) LS (Er:YAG laser irradiation on superficial dentin); (4) LD (Er:YAG laser irradiation on deep dentin); (5) LAS (Er:YAG laser irradiation on superficial dentin followed by acid etching); (6) LAD (Er:YAG laser irradiation on deep dentin followed by acid etching) The adhesive protocol was performed. Samples were thermocycled and micro-shear bond strength was tested to failure. The data were submitted to statistical analysis with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test. Results: The AS group, demonstrated the greatest amount of micro-shear bond strength. Statistical analysis showed a decrease in bond strength in laser-treated groups which was more significant for deep dentin. Conclusion: Preparation of dentin with laser did not improve bonding to superficial and deep dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homayoon Alaghehmand
- Dental Materials Researches Center, Babol Medical Sciences University, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nezhad Nasrollah
- Dental Material Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences (LRCMS), Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Rechmann P, Rechmann BMT, Groves WH, Le CQ, Rapozo-Hilo ML, Kinsel R, Featherstone JDB. Caries inhibition with a CO2 9.3 μm laser: An in vitro study. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:546-54. [PMID: 27075245 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The caries preventive effects of different laser wavelengths have been studied in the laboratory as well as in pilot clinical trials. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate whether irradiation with a new 9.3 μm microsecond short-pulsed CO2 -laser could enhance enamel caries resistance with and without additional fluoride applications. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and one human tooth enamel samples were divided into seven groups. Each group was treated with different laser parameters (CO2 -laser, wavelength 9.3 μm, 43 Hz pulse-repetition rate, pulse duration between 3 µs at 1.5 mJ/pulse to 7 µs at 2.9 mJ/pulse). A laboratory pH-cycling model followed by cross-sectional microhardness testing determined the mean relative mineral loss delta Z (ΔZ) for each group to assess caries inhibition in tooth enamel by the CO2 9.3 µm short-pulsed laser irradiation. The pH-cycling was performed with or without additional fluoride. RESULTS The non-laser control groups with additional fluoride had a relative mineral loss (ΔZ, vol% × µm) that ranged between 646 ± 215 and 773 ± 223 (mean ± SD). The laser irradiated and fluoride treated samples had a mean ΔZ ranging between 209 ± 133 and 403 ± 245 for an average 55% ± 9% reduction in mineral loss (ANOVA test, P < 0.0001). Increased mean mineral loss (ΔZ between 1166 ± 571 and 1339 ± 347) was found for the non-laser treated controls without additional fluoride. In contrast, the laser treated groups without additional fluoride showed a ΔZ between 470 ± 240 and 669 ± 209 (ANOVA test, P < 0.0001) representing an average 53% ± 11% reduction in mineral loss. Scanning electron microscopical assessment revealed that 3 µs pulses did not markedly change the enamel surface, while 7 µs pulses caused some enamel ablation. CONCLUSION The CO2 9.3 µm short-pulsed laser energy renders enamel caries resistant with and without additional fluoride use. The observed enhanced acid resistance occurred with the laser irradiation parameters used without obvious melting of the enamel surface as well as after irradiation with energies causing cutting of the enamel. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:546-554, 2016. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, School of Dentistry, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California, 94143
| | - Beate M T Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, School of Dentistry, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California, 94143
| | - William H Groves
- Convergent Dental, Inc., 2 Vision Drive, Natick, Massachusetts, 01760
| | - Charles Q Le
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, School of Dentistry, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California, 94143
| | - Marcia L Rapozo-Hilo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, School of Dentistry, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California, 94143
| | - Richard Kinsel
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, School of Dentistry, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California, 94143
| | - John D B Featherstone
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, School of Dentistry, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California, 94143
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Kim JW, Chan KH, Fried D. Evaluation of enamel surface modification using PS-OCT after laser treatment to increase resistance to demineralization. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 9692. [PMID: 27006523 DOI: 10.1117/12.2218662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
At laser intensities below ablation, carbonated hydroxyapatite in enamel is converted into a purer phase hydroxyapatite with increased acid resistance. Previous studies suggested the possibility of achieving the conversion without surface modification. This study attempts to evaluate the thresholds for the modification without additional changes in physical and optical properties of the enamel. Bovine specimens were irradiated using an RF-excited CO2 laser operating at 9.4-µm with a pulse duration of 26-µs, pulse repetition rates of 100-1000 Hz, with a Gaussian spatial beam profile - 1.4 mm in diameter. After laser treatment, the samples were subjected to acid demineralization for 48 hours to simulate acidic intraoral conditions of a caries attack. The resulting demineralization and erosion were assessed using polarization sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) and 3D digital microscopy. The images from digital microscopy demonstrated a clear delineation between laser protected zones without visual changes and zones with higher levels of demineralization and erosion. Distinct changes in the surface morphology were found within the laser treated area in accordance with the Gaussian spatial beam profile. There was significant protection from the laser in areas that were not visually altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan Kim
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Kenneth H Chan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Daniel Fried
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
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Tom H, Chan KH, Darling CL, Fried D. Near-IR image-guided laser ablation of demineralization on tooth occlusal surfaces. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:52-61. [PMID: 26763111 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have shown that reflectance images at near-IR wavelengths coincident with higher water absorption are well-suited for image-guided laser ablation of carious lesions since the contrast between sound and demineralized enamel is extremely high and interference from stains is minimized. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that near-IR reflectance images taken at a wavelength range of 1,500-1,700 nm can be used to guide a 9.3 μm CO(2) laser for the selective ablation of early demineralization on tooth occlusal surfaces. METHODS The occlusal surfaces of ten sound human molars were used in this in vitro study. Shallow simulated caries lesions with random patterns and varying depth and position were produced on tooth occlusal surfaces. Sequential near-IR reflectance images at 1,500-1,700 nm were used to guide the laser for the selective removal of the demineralized enamel. Digital microscopy and polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) were used to assess selectivity. RESULTS Images taken before and after lesion removal suggest that the demineralized areas were removed with high selectivity. Although the estimated volume of tissue ablated was typically higher than the initial lesion volume measured with PS-OCT, the volume of enamel removed by the laser correlated well with the initial lesion volume. CONCLUSION Sequential near-IR reflectance images at 1,500-1,700 nm can be used to guide a 9.3 μm CO(2) laser for the selective ablation of early demineralization on tooth occlusal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Tom
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Science, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143-0758
| | - Kenneth H Chan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Science, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143-0758
| | - Cynthia L Darling
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Science, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143-0758
| | - Daniel Fried
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Science, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143-0758
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New Trends in Dental Biomechanics with Photonics Technologies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/app5041350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Scatolin RS, Alonso-Filho FL, Galo R, Rios D, Borsatto MC, Corona SAM. CO₂ laser emission modes to control enamel erosion. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:654-9. [PMID: 25988247 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance and prevalence of dental erosion, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different modes of pulse emission of CO2 laser associated or not to acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) 1.23% gel, in controlling enamel erosion by profilometry. Ninety-six fragments of bovine enamel were flattened and polished, and the specimens were subjected to initial erosive challenge with hydrochloric acid (pH = 2). Specimens were randomly assigned according to surface treatment: APF 1.23% gel and gel without fluoride (control), and subdivided according to the modes of pulse CO2 laser irradiation: no irradiation (control), continuous, ultrapulse, and repeated pulse (n = 12). After surface treatment, further erosive challenges were performed for 5 days, 4 × 2 min/day. Enamel structure loss was quantitatively determined by a profilometer, after surface treatment and after 5 days of erosive challenges. Two-away ANOVA revealed a significant difference between the pulse emission mode of the CO2 laser and the presence of fluoride (P ≤ 0.05). The Duncan's test showed that CO2 laser irradiation in continuous mode and the specimens only received fluoride, promoted lower enamel loss than that other treatments. A lower dissolution of the enamel prisms was observed when it was irradiated with CO2 laser in continuous mode compared other groups. It can be concluded that CO2 laser irradiation in continuous mode was the most effective to control the enamel structure loss submitted to erosive challenges with hydrochloric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Siqueira Scatolin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz Alonso-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Galo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, State Sao Paulo University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14803-901, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Dental School of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Borsatto
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
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Ishii K, Kita T, Yoshikawa K, Yasuo K, Yamamoto K, Awazu K. Selective removal of carious human dentin using a nanosecond pulsed laser operating at a wavelength of 5.85 μm. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:051023. [PMID: 25594772 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.5.051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Less invasive methods for treating dental caries are strongly desired. However, conventional dental lasers do not always selectively remove caries or ensure good bonding to the composite resin. According to our previous study, demineralized dentin might be removed by a nanosecond pulsed laser operating at wavelengths of around 5.8 μm . The present study investigated the irradiation effect of the light on carious human dentin classified into "remove," "not remove," and "unclear" categories. Under 5.85-μm laser pulses, at average power densities of 30 W/cm² and irradiation time of 2 s, the ablation depth of "remove" and "not remove," and also the ablation depth of "unclear" and "not remove," were significantly different (p<0.01 ). The ablation depth was correlated with both Vickers hardness and Ca content. Thus, a nanosecond pulsed laser operating at 5.85 μm proved an effective less-invasive caries treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Ishii
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Building A1-411, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kita
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Building A1-411, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazushi Yoshikawa
- Osaka Dental University, Department of Operative Dentistry, Hanazono-cho 8-1, Kuzuha, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yasuo
- Osaka Dental University, Department of Operative Dentistry, Hanazono-cho 8-1, Kuzuha, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Yamamoto
- Osaka Dental University, Department of Operative Dentistry, Hanazono-cho 8-1, Kuzuha, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Kunio Awazu
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Building A1-411, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapancOsaka University, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Yamadaoka 1-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapandOsaka University, The Center for Advanced
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CO2 laser and topical fluoride therapy in the control of caries lesions on demineralized primary enamel. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:547569. [PMID: 25874248 PMCID: PMC4385669 DOI: 10.1155/2015/547569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of CO2 laser irradiation and topical fluoride therapy in the control of caries progression on primary teeth enamel. 30 fragments (3 × 3 × 2 mm) from primary canines were submitted to an initial cariogenic challenge that consisted of immersion on demineralizing solution for 3 hours and remineralizing solution for 21 hours for 5 days. Fragments were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10): L: CO2 laser (λ = 10.6 μm), APF: 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride, and C: no treatment (control). CO2 laser was applied with 0.5 W power and 0.44 J/cm2 energy density. Fluoride application was performed with 0.1 g for 1 minute. Cariogenic challenge was conducted for 5 days following protocol previously described. Subsurface Knoop microhardness was measured at 30 μm from the edge. Obtained data were subjected to analysis the variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test with significance of 5%. It was found that the L group showed greater control of deciduous enamel demineralization and were similar to those of APF group, while being statistically different from C group (P ≤ 0.05) that showed the lowest microhardness values. It was concluded that CO2 laser can be an additional resource in caries control progression on primary teeth enamel.
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Jorge ACT, Cassoni A, de Freitas PM, Reis AF, Brugnera Junior A, Rodrigues JA. Influence of cavity preparation with Er,Cr:YSGG laser and restorative materials on in situ secondary caries development. Photomed Laser Surg 2015; 33:98-103. [PMID: 25654424 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2014.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cavity preparation and restorative materials containing fluorides in the prevention of secondary caries lesion development in situ. METHODS A total of 120 blocks obtained from human teeth were divided into two groups and standardized cavities were prepared using diamond burs (DB) or Er,Cr:YSGG-laser [20 Hz, 4.0W, 55% water, 65% air (LA)]. They were divided into three subgroups according to the restorative material (n=20): glass-ionomer cement (GI), resin modified glass-ionomer (RM) or composite resin (CR). Blocks were fixed in palatal intra-oral appliances worn in situ by 20 human volunteers, who dropped 20% sucrose solution eight times daily. After 21 days, blocks were removed and restorations were cross-sectioned to evaluate microhardness [Knoop hardness number (KHN)] underneath enamel surface from 30 to 200 μm. Factors "cavity preparation," "restorative materials," and "depth" were evaluated by three way ANOVA, followed by Tukey test (p<0.05). RESULTS The results showed lower microhardness in cavities prepared with DB than in cavities prepared with LA. At 30 μm, there were no statistical significant differences with regard to "cavity preparation" or "restorative materials" factors. In depth evaluation, the enamel microhardness progressively increased as a function of depth for the GI groups. In the groups prepared with LA at 60 μm/90 μm, there were no significant differences between GI and RM materials, whose microhardnesses were significantly higher than that of CR. CONCLUSIONS Cavity preparation using Er,Cr:YSGG laser increases caries resistance of enamel walls, and reduce caries lesion depth development regardless of fluoride presence in the restorative material. CR showed higher caries lesion development than GI, and RM showed intermediate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Tedesco Jorge
- 1 Dental Research and Graduate Studies Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University , Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
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Lacerda ÂSSB, Hanashiro FS, de Sant'Anna GR, Steagall Júnior W, Barbosa PS, de Souza-Zaroni WC. Effects of near infrared laser radiation associated with photoabsorbing cream in preventing white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets: an in vitro study. Photomed Laser Surg 2014; 32:686-93. [PMID: 25496084 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2014.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the effect of a low-power infrared laser on the inhibition of bovine enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. BACKGROUND DATA Near infrared lasers have been suggested as alternative approaches because they may produce an increase in resistance to dental caries. METHODS Forty-eight blocks of enamel obtained from bovine incisor teeth were divided into six groups: Group 1 (control), without treatment; Group 2 (C), photoabsorbing cream; Group 3 (CF), photoabsorbing cream with fluoride; Group 4 (L), irradiation with low-level infrared laser (λ=830 nm) at an energy density of 4.47 J/cm2; Group 5 (L+C), photoabsorbing cream followed by low-level infrared laser irradiation; and Group 6 (L+CF), photoabsorbing cream with fluoride followed by low-level infrared laser irradiation. After these procedures, the enamel blocks received an assortment of orthodontic brackets and were then submitted to pH cycling to simulate a highly cariogenic challenge. The enamel surface demineralization around the orthodontic brackets, according to the different treatments, was quantified by fluorescence loss analysis by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). The fluorescence loss, expressed as ΔF (percentage of loss fluorescence), was statistically examined by analysis of variance and the Tukey test. RESULTS The control group (-10.48±2.85) was statistically similar to Group C (-14.52±7.80), which presented the lowest values of ΔF when compared with Groups FC (-3.67±3.21), L (-2.79±1.68), CL (-1.05±0:50), and CFL (-0.60±0:43). However, Groups FC, L, CL, and CFL showed no statistically significant differences among them. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that both the low-level infrared laser and photoabsorbing cream with fluoride were effective in inhibiting the development of caries in enamel around orthodontic brackets, even in situations of high cariogenic challenge.
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Subramaniam P, Pandey A. Effect of erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet laser and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on surface micro-hardness of primary tooth enamel. Eur J Dent 2014; 8:402-406. [PMID: 25202223 PMCID: PMC4144141 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.137656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effect of Er, Cr: YSGG laser and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on surface micro-hardness of primary tooth enamel. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 freshly extracted caries free primary anterior teeth were cleaned and stored in 1% thymol. Teeth were embedded in acrylic resin such that only their buccal surfaces were exposed and were divided into four groups. Group I: Five intact teeth (negative control). The remaining 25 teeth were immersed for 30 min in 1% citric acid for demineralization. Group II: Five demineralized teeth (positive control), Group III: CPP-ACP (GC tooth mousse-GC International, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan) application and Group IV: Etching using Er, Cr: YSGG laser + CPP-ACP application. Groups III and IV were subjected to pH cycling for 5 days. Surface micro-hardness of all the teeth was measured using Brinell hardness tester (Fuel Instruments and Engineers Pvt. Ltd.). Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: Mean surface micro-hardness of Groups I and II were 177.43 kgf/mm2 and 164.86 kgf/mm2, respectively. Group IV showed a higher mean surface micro-hardness (230.68 kgf/mm2) compared with that of Group III (190.28 kgf/mm2). In comparison to all other groups, laser etching prior to CPP-ACP application increased surface micro-hardness significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Laser irradiation of primary teeth followed by CPP-ACP application increased surface micro-hardness of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Subramaniam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Annu Pandey
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Chan KH, Tom H, Darling CL, Fried D. A method for monitoring enamel erosion using laser irradiated surfaces and optical coherence tomography. Lasers Surg Med 2014; 46:672-8. [PMID: 25147133 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since optical coherence tomography (OCT) is well suited for measuring small dimensional changes on tooth surfaces, OCT has great potential for monitoring tooth erosion. Previous studies have shown that enamel areas ablated by a carbon dioxide laser manifested lower rates of erosion compared to the non-ablated areas. The purpose of this study was to develop a model to monitor erosion in vitro that could potentially be used in vivo. METHODS Thirteen bovine enamel blocks were used in this in vitro study. Each 10 mm × 2 mm block was partitioned into five regions, the central region was unprotected, the adjacent windows were irradiated by a CO2 laser operating at 9.3 µm with a fluence of 2.4 J/cm(2) , and the outermost windows were coated with acid resistant varnish. The samples were exposed to a pH cycling regimen that caused both erosion and subsurface demineralization for 2, 4 and 6 days. The surfaces were scanned using a time-domain polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) system and the degree of surface loss (erosion) and the integrated reflectivity with lesion depth was calculated for each window. RESULTS There was a large and significant reduction in the depth of surface loss (erosion) and the severity of demineralization in the areas irradiated by the laser. CONCLUSION Irradiation of the enamel surface with a pulsed carbon dioxide laser at sub-ablative intensities results in significant inhibition of erosion and demineralization under the acid challenge employed in this study. In addition, these results suggest that it may be feasible to modify regions of the enamel surface using the laser to serve as reference marks to monitor the rate of erosion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H Chan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143-0758
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Lepri TP, Scatolin RS, Colucci V, De Alexandria AK, Maia LC, Turssi CP, Corona SAM. In Situanalysis of CO2laser irradiation on controlling progression of erosive lesions on dental enamel. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:586-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taísa Penazzo Lepri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo (USP) Avenida do Café; S/N Monte Alegre CEP: 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto-SP Brazil
| | - Renata Siqueira Scatolin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo (USP) Avenida do Café; S/N Monte Alegre CEP: 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto-SP Brazil
| | - Vivian Colucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo (USP) Avenida do Café; S/N Monte Alegre CEP: 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto-SP Brazil
| | - Adílis Kalina De Alexandria
- Department of Pediatric and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rua Prof.; Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 325 CEP 21941-913 Cidade Universitária-Rio de Janeiro-RJ Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rua Prof.; Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 325 CEP 21941-913 Cidade Universitária-Rio de Janeiro-RJ Brazil
| | - Cecília Pedroso Turssi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center; Av. José Rocha Junqueira, 13 CEP 13045-755 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo (USP) Avenida do Café; S/N Monte Alegre CEP: 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto-SP Brazil
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Lima DM, Tonetto MR, de Mendonça AAM, Elossais AA, Saad JRC, de Andrade MF, Pinto SCS, Bandéca MC. Human dental enamel and dentin structural effects after Er:YAG laser irradiation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15:283-7. [PMID: 25307807 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ideally projected to be applied on soft tissues, infrared lasers were improved by restorative dentistry to be used in hard dental tissues cavity preparations--namely enamel and dentin. This paper evidentiates the relevant aspects of infrared Erbium laser's action mechanism and its effects, and characterizes the different effects deriving from the laser's beams emission. The criteria for use and selection of optimal parameters for the correct application of laser systems and influence of supporting factors on the process, such as water amount and its presence in the ablation process, protection exerted by the plasma shielding and structural factors, which are indispensable in dental tissues cavity preparation related to restorative technique, are subordinated to optical modifications caused by the interaction of the energy dissipated by these laser light emission systems in the targeted tissue substrate. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Differences in the action of infrared Erbium laser system in regard to the nature of the ablation process and variations on the morphological aspects observed in the superficial structure of the target tissue irradiated, may be correlated to the structural optical modifications of the substrate produced by an interaction of the energy propagated by laser systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlon Martíns Lima
- Professor, Postgraduation in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto
- PhD Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil e-mail:
| | | | - André Afif Elossais
- PhD Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Cury Saad
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Matheus Coelho Bandéca
- Professor, Postgraduation in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, MA Collaborate Professor, University of Cuiabé, Cuiabé, MT, Brazil
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Loss of structural water and carbonate of Nd:YAG laser-irradiated human enamel. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1183-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chan KH, Hirasuna K, Fried D. Analysis of enamel surface damage after selective laser ablation of composite from tooth surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 3:37-45. [PMID: 24707453 DOI: 10.1515/plm-2013-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resin-based composites are used for many applications in dentistry. They are difficult to remove without damage to the underlying enamel since they adhere strongly and are color matched to the tooth. The objective of this study was to determine if an automated laser scanning system with spectral feedback could be used for selective removal of residual orthodontic composite from tooth surfaces with minimal damage to the underlying enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CO2 laser operating at a wavelength of 9.3 μm with a pulse duration of 10-15 μs and a pulse repetition rate of ~200 Hz was used to selectively remove composite from the buccal surfaces of extracted teeth. A spectral feedback system utilizing a miniature spectrometer was used to control the laser scanning system. Pulpal temperature measurements were performed during composite removal to determine if there was excessive heat accumulation. Conventional and digital microscopes were used to assess the amount of enamel lost during removal. RESULTS The amount of enamel lost averaged between 20 and 25 μm for irradiation intensities from 3.8 to 4.2 J/cm2, respectively. An average maximum temperature rise of 1.9±1.5°C was recorded, with no teeth approaching the critical value of 5.5°C. The average time for composite removal from an area of 5 mm2 was 19.3±4.1 s, fast enough for clinical feasibility. CONCLUSION Residual composite can be rapidly removed from tooth surfaces using a CO2 laser with spectral feedback, with minimal temperature rise within the pulp and with minimal loss of sound enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H Chan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Krista Hirasuna
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniel Fried
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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dos Reis Derceli J, Faraoni-Romano JJ, Azevedo DT, Wang L, Bataglion C, Palma-Dibb RG. Effect of pretreatment with an Er:YAG laser and fluoride on the prevention of dental enamel erosion. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 30:857-62. [PMID: 24149579 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Er:YAG laser and its association with fluoride (1.23% acidulate phosphate fluoride gel) on the prevention of enamel erosion. Sixty specimens were obtained from bovine enamel (4 × 4 mm), which were ground flat, polished, and randomly divided into five groups according to the preventive treatments: control-fluoride application; L--Er:YAG laser; L+F--laser + fluoride; F+L--fluoride + laser; L/F--laser/fluoride simultaneously. Half of the enamel surface was covered with nail varnish (control area), and the other half was pretreated with one of the preventive strategies to subsequently be submitted to erosive challenge. When the laser was applied, it was irradiated for 10 s with a focal length of 4 mm and 60 mJ/2 Hz. Fluoride gel was applied for 4 min. Each specimen was individually exposed to regular Coca-Cola® for 1 min, four times/day, for 5 days. Wear analysis was performed with a profilometer, and demineralization was assessed with an optical microscope. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (wear)/Dunn test and ANOVA/Fisher's exact tests. The group L/F was similar to control group. The other groups showed higher wear, which did not present differences among them. In the demineralization assessment, the groups F+L and L/F showed lower demineralization in relation to the other groups. It can be concluded that none preventive method was able to inhibit dental wear. The treatments L/F and F+L showed lower enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana dos Reis Derceli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n - Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Raucci-Neto W, de Castro-Raucci LMS, Lepri CP, Faraoni-Romano JJ, Gomes da Silva JM, Palma-Dibb RG. Nd:YAG laser in occlusal caries prevention of primary teeth: a randomized clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 30:761-8. [PMID: 23955196 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries is still the most prevalent chronic disease affecting human populations. Among the preventive treatments performed, it has been reported that laser irradiation combined with topical fluoride can induce an even greater increase in enamel caries resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Nd:YAG laser, with or without fluoride, in occlusal caries prevention of the primary dentition. A double-blind split-mouth study design was used. Fifty-two children with high caries risk (7.6 ± 1.4 years) were selected and received the following: G1--the first molar was a negative control, and the second received a resin sealant; G2--the first molar was a negative control, and the second received laser irradiation (50 mJ, 10 Hz, 0.5 W); G3--the first molar received only acidulate phosphate fluoride (APF), and the second received APF + laser; G4--fisrt molar received only fluoride varnish, and the second received fluoride varnish + laser. Patients were followed up to 12 months to evaluate the presence of white-spot lesions and/or caries cavities by three calibrated observers. Thirty-five patients completed the study. Significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups (p < 0.05). The laser-alone and resin sealant resulted in statistically lower caries formation than the negative control group (p < 0.05). Nd:YAG laser irradiation in primary teeth effectively prevented occlusal caries in pits and fissures when used alone with lower energy over a 1-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Raucci-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/nº, Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil,
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Kim JS, Han SY, Kwon HK, Kim BI. Synergistic Effect of Dentinal Tubule Occlusion by Nano-Carbonate Apatite and CO2LaserIn Vitro. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:392-7. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Han
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Keun Kwon
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek Il Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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