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Menendez Alvarado LR, Margulis Landayan A, Williams KN, Frederick CM, Zhang Z, Gauthier TP. Impact of removing ESBL status labelling from culture reports on the use of carbapenems for non-bacteraemic patients diagnosed with ESBL-positive urinary tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:1564-1568. [PMID: 38717472 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate carbapenem prescribing rates for initial definitive treatment of urinary tract infections and clinical outcomes before and after removing ESBL status labels on antibiotic susceptibility reports. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients treated for at least 48 h for an ESBL-producing/ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales urinary tract infection. ESBL status reporting ceased in September 2022 for a network of seven community hospitals within the USA. The primary endpoint was the rate of carbapenem prescribing for initial definitive treatment of urinary tract infections. Secondary endpoints included total days of therapy for initial definitive treatment with carbapenems, clinical cure rates, time to transition to oral antibiotic therapy for initial definitive treatment, rate of guideline-compliant therapy, rate of relapsed infection within 30 days, 30 day readmission rate, and 30 day all-cause in-hospital mortality. RESULTS Of 3055 patients screened, 199 were included in the pre group and 153 were included in the post group. The rate of carbapenem prescribing for initial definitive treatment was 156 patients (78%) in the pre group, compared with 93 patients (61%) in the post group (P = <0.01). Days of therapy for initial definitive therapy with carbapenem was 620 in the pre group compared with 372 in the post group (P < 0.01). There was no difference between other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Removing ESBL status labels from laboratory reports reduced carbapenem use for initial definitive treatment of urinary tract infections from 78% to 61% (P < 0.01) without impacting clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelsey N Williams
- Pharmacy Department, Baptist Health South Florida, 1500 San Remo Ave, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Corey M Frederick
- Pharmacy Department, Baptist Health South Florida, 1500 San Remo Ave, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Center for Advanced Analytics, Baptist Health South Florida, 1500 San Remo Ave, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Timothy P Gauthier
- Pharmacy Department, Baptist Health South Florida, 1500 San Remo Ave, Miami, FL 33146, USA
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Zhang H, Pan J, Hu Z, Pan J, Zhang H. Physicians' understanding of antibiotic intravenous-to-oral switching-a qualitative study in Suzhou, China. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:686. [PMID: 38816777 PMCID: PMC11141074 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of antibiotic intravenous-to-oral switch (IVOS) therapy in hospitals can slow down the development of drug resistance, reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions, and bring significant economic benefits. The aim of this study is to investigate the understanding of physicians at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University in Suzhou, China towards the antibiotic IVOS therapy. METHODS 15 physicians working in 9 different departments of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University participated in this study. A semi-structured face-to-face interview was conducted to collect interview information about the antibiotic IVOS therapy. NVivo12 software was used to organize the entire interview content, and the interview data was analyzed and summarized using the Colaizzi seven step method. RESULTS 60% of participants were not familiar with antibiotic IVOS therapy. Barriers of antibiotic IVOS therapy were included by three key issues: (i) Physicians' potential cognition: 'Iv is always better than oral'; (ii) Subjective infusion intention of patients; and (iii) Limitations of drug selection. 60% of participants expressed welcome for pharmacists to help them perform antibiotic IVOS treatment. And electronic recognition technology may be a feasible method for prompting IVOS conversion that recognized by all participants in the interview. Participants also provided some suggestions for pharmacists and IVOS computer reminders. CONCLUSION Physicians' in China still have insufficient understanding of antibiotic IVOS therapy. The promotion of antibiotic IVOS therapy in China faces many challenges and obstacles. Strategies such as IVOS therapy computer reminders and clinical pharmacists' medication guidance were worth studying to help physicians develop antibiotic IVOS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhanhong Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Monnier A, Roy H, Blackburn J, Bussières JF. [Use of antimicrobials in a mother-child university hospital center in Canada: An observational study]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024; 82:318-328. [PMID: 38160789 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The proper use of antimicrobials is a challenge in healthcare establishments. OBJECTIVES Describe the detailed antimicrobial consumption profile in 2021-2022. Describe the annual evolutionary profile of the use of antimicrobials in days of therapy/1000 patient days, antibiotic spectrum index/1000 patients days and according to the proportion of days of therapy administered by parenteral route from 2005-2006 to 2021-2022. METHOD Descriptive and retrospective study. All patients admitted to our mother-child hospital center between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2022 were included. The study covers the consumption of all antimicrobials through the AWare classification of the World Health Organization and antibiotic spectrum index. RESULTS A total of 673.9 days of therapy/1000 patients days was calculated in 2021-2022, i.e. 550.8 for antibiotics, 46.5 for antivirals, 67.9 for antifungals and 8.7 for others. A total of 2436 ASI/1000 patient days was calculated in 2021-2021. According to the AWaRe classification, in 2021-2022, 52.1% (287/551) of days of therapy/1000 patients days referred to the "Access" group, 47.8% (263/551) to the "Watch" group and 0.2% (1/551) to the "Reserve" group. CONCLUSION This study aims to explore the use of antimicrobials in a mother-child hospital center. It puts into perspective a stable or even slightly decreasing use of a selection of antimicrobials and compares favorably with published data. Antibiotic governance is based in particular on the periodic evaluation of consumption. Our study illustrates different approaches to quantify and describe this use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monnier
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175, chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - H Roy
- Département de pharmacie, unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175, chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J Blackburn
- Département de microbiologie et maladies infectieuses, centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175, chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J-F Bussières
- Département de pharmacie, unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175, chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, université de Montréal, 2900, boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, H3T 1J4 Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Wells DA, Cleveland KO, Jacobs A, Patterson S, Mason D. Missed Antimicrobial Stewardship Opportunities for Hospitalized Patients with Urinary Tract Infections Receiving Ceftriaxone. Hosp Pharm 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00185787231151864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Ceftriaxone is a commonly utilized antibiotic for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI) despite the limited literature supporting its use. Opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship (ASP), including IV-to-PO conversions and de-escalation of therapy, are often missed in the hospital setting. Objective: The study reported here describes the utilization of ceftriaxone in patients admitted to the hospital and treated for UTIs in a large health system, focusing on opportunities for IV-to-PO conversion of antibiotic therapy. Methods: This was a multi-center, retrospective, descriptive study conducted in a large health system. Patients admitted from January 2019 to July 2019 were included for analysis if they were 18 years or older at admission, diagnosed with acute cystitis, acute pyelonephritis, or unspecified UTI, and received two or more doses of ceftriaxone. The primary outcome was to evaluate the percentage of patients who were eligible for conversion from IV ceftriaxone to oral antibiotics while admitted to the hospital based on the defined criteria for automatic pharmacist conversion in the health system. Percentage of urine cultures with susceptibility to cefazolin, the duration of antibiotic therapy in the hospital, and an evaluation of oral antibiotics prescribed at discharge were also recorded. Results: A total of 300 patients were included; 88% met the pre-specified criteria for IV-to-PO conversion, but only 12% were converted from IV-to-PO antibiotics during hospitalization. Approximately 65% of patients remained on IV ceftriaxone until discharge, at which time they were converted to a PO antibiotic, most commonly fluoroquinolones followed by third-generation cephalosporins. Conclusion: Patients admitted to the hospital and receiving treatment with ceftriaxone for UTI were infrequently converted to oral therapy prior to discharge despite meeting criteria for automatic pharmacist IV-to-PO conversion. Findings highlight opportunities to contribute to antimicrobial stewardship initiatives across the health system and the importance of tracking and reporting results to frontline providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew A. Wells
- University Hospital, Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare - University Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kerry O. Cleveland
- Infectious Diseases, Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare - University Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Anna Jacobs
- University Hospital, Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare - University Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Darius Mason
- Information Technology, Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare, Memphis, TN, USA
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Tefera GM, Sileshi T, Mekete MD, Umeta GT. Opportunities, associations, and impact of early intravenous to oral antimicrobial switch for hospitalized patients in Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231161192. [PMID: 37008686 PMCID: PMC10064463 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231161192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Short intravenous antimicrobial therapy for 2–3 days followed by its per oral comparable antimicrobial course is a crucial part of the antimicrobial stewardship program. However, nothing is known about this practice in Ethiopian hospitals. Therefore, this study assessed the proportion, associations, and outcomes of early intravenous to per oral antimicrobial switch for patients who were admitted to the three wards of Ambo University Referral Hospital. Method: A hospital-based prospective cohort pilot study was conducted. During the 3-month period, 117 patients met initial inclusion criteria and were followed until Day 3 of intravenous antimicrobial. Of these, 92 (78.6%) subsequently met criteria for early intravenous to per oral switch and are the cohort investigated in this study. Written informed consent was sought from participants and/or parents or guardian for ages 15–17 years. Logistic regression models and independent t-tests were done with a significance of p ⩽ 0.05. Results: Out of 92 study participants, early intravenous to per oral antimicrobial switch was done only for 36 (39.1%). The only independent predictors for lack of early intravenous to per oral antimicrobials switch were poly-pharmacy (adjusted odds ratio = 3.4 at 95% confidence interval, 1.036–11.16; p = 0.044). There was a significant difference in terms of mean length of hospital stay (8.80 ± 3.57 versus 3.17 ± 0.74; p < 0.0001), in-hospital complication rate (95% versus 5%; p < 0.0001), and the mean cost of healthcare in Ethiopian Birrs (652.29 ± 403.29 versus 126.67 ± 29.47; p < 0.0001) between the comparator/early intravenous to per oral not switched and early switched group, respectively. Conclusion: The proportion of early intravenous to per oral antimicrobial switch was unsatisfactory. There was a significant difference between the intervention and comparator groups in terms of length of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, and extra cost. Therefore, implementation of interventions that improve the practice of early intravenous to per oral switch is needed urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosaye Mekonen Tefera
- Department of Pharmacy, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
- Gosaye Mekonen Tefera, Department of Pharmacy, Ambo University, P.O. Box: +25119, Ambo, Ethiopia.
| | - Tesemma Sileshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Wild J, Siegrist B, Hobohm L, Münzel T, Schwanz T, Sagoschen I. Short and Concise Peer-to-Peer Teaching—Example of a Successful Antibiotic Stewardship Intervention to Increase Iv to Po Conversion. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030402. [PMID: 35326866 PMCID: PMC8944614 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic stewardship (ABS) programs aim to combine effective treatment with minimized antibiotic-related harms. Common ABS interventions are simple and effective, but their implementation in daily practice is often difficult. The aim of our study was to investigate if a single, short, peer-to-peer teaching intervention (junior doctor to junior doctor) during clinical routine can successfully improve antibiotic prescriptions. We performed a quasi-experimental before–after study on a regular care cardiology ward at a large academic medical center in Germany. We evaluated antibiotic use metrics retrospectively and calculated defined daily doses (DDD) with the anatomical therapeutic chemical/DDD classification system of the World Health Organization. We hypothesize that the over-representative use of intravenous administration is a potentially modifiable target, which can be proven by antibiotic use metrics analysis. After a single peer-to-peer teaching session with a focus on indications for iv to po conversion, the normalized percentage of intravenous compared to oral administration significantly decreased (from 86.5 ± 50.3% to 41.4 ± 70.3%). Moreover, after the intervention, antibiotics with high oral bioavailability were no longer administered intravenously at all during the following quarter. Our results indicate that even a single peer-to-peer training session is highly effective in improving the iv to po conversion rate in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wild
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.H.); (T.M.); (I.S.)
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Bettina Siegrist
- Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Lukas Hobohm
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.H.); (T.M.); (I.S.)
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.H.); (T.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Thomas Schwanz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Ingo Sagoschen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.H.); (T.M.); (I.S.)
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Wang Y, Dai Y, Yang J, Zhou H, Chen Z, Li G. A survey of Chinese pharmacists participating in anti-infective therapy and its related information technology support. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 45:707-714. [PMID: 32403187 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Anti-infective therapy is the major daily work for most clinical pharmacists in China, and information technology (IT) support for them is very important. However, the current situation of pharmacists' roles in anti-infective therapy and related IT support are seldom reported. The aim of the study was to investigate the current situation of pharmacists participating in anti-infective therapy and the corresponding hospital IT support, which may help identify and solve related problems and facilitate pharmacists to play better roles. METHODS A 15-item questionnaire was distributed online to clinical pharmacists from Chinese hospitals. Pharmacists answered the questions on the WeChat platform. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 272 valid questionnaires were returned, and the respondents were from 27 provinces (or autonomous regions or municipalities) of China covering over 15 specialties. Most of the respondents (76.1%) were from tertiary hospitals and 72.4% of all the respondents participated in anti-infective therapy. They mainly performed drug selection (95.4%), dose adjustment (88.8%) and adverse drug reaction monitoring (84.8%) for anti-infective therapy, in ways such as consultation (71.1%), drug consult (86.3%) and prescription evaluation (88.8%). Most pharmacists (93.0%) thought that the modules of anti-infective therapy in hospital IT system needed to be advanced, in the aspects of doctor-pharmacist interaction, convenience for pharmacists to control drug expenses and integration of multi-functions for anti-infective therapy. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The roles of Chinese clinical pharmacists in anti-infective therapy are becoming increasingly clear, and establishing smart, pharmacist-friendly and highly-integrated electronic interfaces will facilitate the establishment of pharmacist-driven anti-infective therapy team, thus improving work efficiency and user experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Talon B, Perez A, Yan C, Alobaidi A, Zhang KH, Schultz BG, Suda KJ, Touchette DR. Economic evaluations of clinical pharmacy services in the United States: 2011-2017. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Talon
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes & Policy; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago Illinois
| | - Alexandra Perez
- Department of Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University; Fort Lauderdale Florida
| | - Connie Yan
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes & Policy; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago Illinois
| | - Ali Alobaidi
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes & Policy; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago Illinois
| | - Katherine H. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes & Policy; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago Illinois
| | - Bob G. Schultz
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes & Policy; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago Illinois
| | - Katie J. Suda
- Department of Medicine, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Health Care System; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh PA
| | - Daniel R. Touchette
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes & Policy; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago Illinois
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Corny J, Perreau S, Thivilliers AP, Leplay C, Chevalier D, Beaussier H, Bézie Y. Strategies for reduction in the duration of intravenous drug use: Interest of drug tracers as quality indicators to improve intravenous to oral switch. J Eval Clin Pract 2017; 23:848-852. [PMID: 28271587 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES Intravenous (IV) to oral (PO) drug switch is a challenge for tertiary care institutions for several reasons: catheter-related infections, patient's pain and discomfort or higher costs, and overuse of IV drugs considered as an irrational use of medicines. The objective was to evaluate yearly acetaminophen and proton-pump inhibiters' (PPIs) IV/PO ratios from 2011 to 2015 and to determine their correlation with all drugs IV/PO ratios and their relevance as drug tracers. A secondary objective was to estimate costs savings associated with a IV to PO switch improvement. METHODS Data on IV and PO consumptions and impact on costs were presented to physicians yearly, followed by the development of a computerized tool and pharmaceutical validation of prescriptions. Intravenous and PO drug consumptions were extracted yearly for all drugs, acetaminophen, and PPIs from 2011-01-01 to 2015-12-31. Acetaminophen and PPIs' IV/PO ratios were compared to IV/PO consumptions for all drugs. Costs savings associated with this switch were calculated yearly by multiplying the difference in average cost per dose by the total number of doses delivered (fixed purchase prices, euros) for both routes. RESULTS All drugs IV/PO ratio decreased every year to achieve a 16.3% reduction between 2011 and 2015. Acetaminophen and PPIs also decreased respectively by 35.5% and 16.5%. Same tendency of decrease of ratios year by year was noted for all drugs, PPIs, and acetaminophen. Savings for both acetaminophen and PPIs IV/PO switch were over 98 000€ for 5 years. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that acetaminophen IV/PO ratio, easily produced in routine, was a relevant tracer to follow IV/PO switch improvement as it was correlated with all drugs IV/PO ratio. Direct cost savings associated with IV/PO switch improvements were consequent and illustrate well the impact of our approach on the efficiency of therapeutics' management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Corny
- Department of Pharmacy, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Simon Perreau
- Department of Pharmacy, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | | | - Céline Leplay
- Department of Pharmacy, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Chevalier
- Department of Pharmacy, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Beaussier
- Clinical Research Center, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Yvonnick Bézie
- Department of Pharmacy, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
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10
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Madaras-Kelly KJ, Burk M, Caplinger C, Bohan JG, Neuhauser MM, Goetz MB, Zhang R, Cunningham FE. Total duration of antimicrobial therapy in veterans hospitalized with uncomplicated pneumonia: Results of a national medication utilization evaluation. J Hosp Med 2016; 11:832-839. [PMID: 27527659 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Practice guidelines recommend the shortest duration of antimicrobial therapy appropriate to treat uncomplicated pneumonia be prescribed to reduce the emergence of resistant pathogens. A national evaluation was conducted to assess the duration of therapy for pneumonia. DESIGN Retrospective medication utilization evaluation. SETTING Thirty Veterans Affairs medical centers. PATIENTS Inpatients discharged with a diagnosis of pneumonia. MEASUREMENTS A manual review of electronic medical records of inpatients discharged with uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) was conducted. Appropriate CAP therapy duration was defined as at least 5 days, and up to 3 additional days beginning the first day the patient achieved clinical stability criteria; the appropriate HCAP therapy duration was defined as 8 days. The duration of antimicrobial therapy for intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) inpatient administration, PO therapy dispensed upon discharge, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), hospital readmission, and death rates were measured. RESULTS Of 3881 pneumonia admissions, 1739 met inclusion criteria (CAP [n = 1195]; HCAP [n = 544]). Overall, 13.9% of patients (CAP [6.9%], HCAP [29.0%]) received therapy duration consistent with guideline recommendations. The median (interquartile range) days of therapy were 4 days (3-6 days), 1 day (0-3 days), and 6 days (4-8 days) for inpatient IV, inpatient PO, and outpatient PO antimicrobials, respectively. CDI was rare but more common in patients who received therapy duration consistent with guidelines. Therapy duration was not associated with the readmission or mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS Antimicrobials were commonly prescribed for a longer duration than guidelines recommend. The majority of excessive therapy was completed upon discharge, identifying the need for strategies to curtail unnecessary use postdischarge. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;11:832-839. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Madaras-Kelly
- Pharmacy Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Meridian, Idaho
| | - Muriel Burk
- Center for Medication Safety, Hines VA, Hines, Illinois
- VA Pharmacy Benefits Management Services, Hines VA, Hines, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Bidwell Goetz
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System and David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Francesca E Cunningham
- Center for Medication Safety, Hines VA, Hines, Illinois
- VA Pharmacy Benefits Management Services, Hines VA, Hines, Illinois
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Mok M, Kinkade A, Tung A, Tejani AM. Identification of Patients Eligible for IV-to-PO Conversion: A Cost-Minimization Study. Can J Hosp Pharm 2016; 69:301-5. [PMID: 27621490 DOI: 10.4212/cjhp.v69i4.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merisa Mok
- , BSc(Pharm), was, at the time of writing, a student in the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. She is now a resident with the Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services Pharmacy Practice Residency Program, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Angus Kinkade
- , BSc(Pharm), ACPR, PharmD, MSc, BCPS, is with Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Anthony Tung
- , BSc(Pharm), ACPR, BCPS, MBA, is with Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Aaron M Tejani
- , BSc(Pharm), PharmD, ACPR, is with Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services, Vancouver, British Columbia
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