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Mushtaq I, Mushtaq I, Akhlaq A, Usman S, Ishtiaq A, Khan M, Mustafa G, Khan MS, Urooj I, Bibi S, Liaqat F, Akhtar Z, Murtaza I. Cardioprotective effect of tetra(aniline) containing terpolymers through miR-15a-5p and MFN-2 regulation against hypertrophic responses. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 747:109763. [PMID: 37739116 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac hypertrophy is a condition of abnormal cardiomyocyte enlargement accompanied by ventricular wall thickening. The study aims to investigate the role of miR-15a-5p in the regulation of mitofusin-2 (MFN-2) and to explore the cardioprotective effect of terpolymers ES-37 and L-37. METHODS In this study, the Sprague Dawley rats' cardiac hypertrophic model was established by administering 5 mg/kg Isoproterenol subcutaneously every other day for 14 days. As treatment rats received NAC (50 mg/kg), NAC treatment (50 mg/kg NAC + 5 mg/kg ISO), ES-37 (1 mg/kg) and ES-37 treatment (1 mg/kg ES-37+5 mg/kg ISO), L-37 (1 mg/kg) and L-37 treatment (1 mg/kg L-37+5 mg/kg ISO). subcutaneously every other day for 14 days. NAC, ES 37 and L-37 were given after 1 h of Isoproterenol administration in treatment groups. Cardiac hypertrophy was confirmed through morphological and histological analysis. For estimation of oxidative stress profiling, ROS and TBARS and antioxidative profiling superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, and Glutathione (GSH) levels were checked. Triglyceride, cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were performed to evaluate levels of lipid profiling and liver profiling. Molecular expression analysis was checked through real-time PCR, and western blotting both at the transcriptional and translational levels. Molecular docking studies were performed to study the interactions and modes of binding between the synthetic polymers with three proteins (Mitofusin-2, DRP-1 and PUMA). All the studies were carried out using the AutoDock Vina software and the protein-ligand complexes were visualized in Biovia Discovery Studio. Cardiac hypertrophy was confirmed by the relative changes in the cellular structure of the heart by histopathological examination and physiological changes by estimating organ weights. Biochemical profiling results depict elevated oxidative and lipid profiles signify myocardial damage. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), ES-37, and L-37 overcome the cardiac hypertrophic responses through attenuating oxidative stress and enhancing the antioxidative signaling mechanism. miR-15a-5p was identified as hypertrophic microRNA directly regulating the expression of Mitofusin-2 (MFN-2). Significantly increased expression of miR-15a-5p, Dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), and P53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), was observed in the disease group, whereas MFN-2 expression was observed downregulated. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), ES-37, and L-37 showed increased expression of antiapoptotic maker MFN-2 and decreased expression of miR-15a-5p, Drp1, and PUMA in treatment groups suggesting their cardioprotective role in attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy. An analysis of the docking results shows that ES-37 has greater binding affinity with the target proteins compared to L-37, with the highest binding values reported for MFN-2. CONCLUSION The physiochemical properties of ES-37 and L-37 predicted it as a good drug-like molecule and its mechanism of action is predictably through inhibition of ROS. Molecular docking results shows that the polymer ES-37 has greater binding affinity with the target proteins compared to L-37, with the highest binding values reported for MFN-2. Thus, the study validates the role and targeting of miR-15a-5p and MFN-2 in cardiac hypertrophy as well as the therapeutic potential of NAC, ES-37, and L-37 in overcoming oxidative stress and myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Mushtaq
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Irrum Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asia Akhlaq
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Usman
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Ishtiaq
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehmand Khan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Urooj
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China; Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faroha Liaqat
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zareen Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Iram Murtaza
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Van Matre ET, Rice PJ, Wempe MF, Lyda C, Kiser TH. Extended Stability of Isoproterenol Hydrochloride Injection in Polyvinyl Chloride Bags Stored in Amber Ultraviolet Light Blocking Bags. Hosp Pharm 2023; 58:183-187. [PMID: 36890952 PMCID: PMC9986575 DOI: 10.1177/00185787221125722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose:Evaluate the stability of isoproterenol hydrochloride injection in 0.9% sodium chloride in polyvinyl chloride bags for up to 90 days. Methods: Dilutions of isoproterenol hydrochloride injection to a concentration of 4 μg/mL were performed under aseptic conditions. The bags were stored in amber ultraviolet light blocking bags at room temperature (23°C-25°C) or under refrigeration (3°C-5°C). Three samples of each preparation and storage environment were analyzed on days 0, 2, 14, 30, 45, 60, and 90. Physical stability was performed by visual examination. The pH was assessed at baseline, each analysis day, and upon final degradation evaluation. Sterility of the samples was not assessed. Chemical stability of isoproterenol hydrochloride was evaluated using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Samples were considered stable if there was <10% degradation of the initial concentration. Results: Isoproterenol hydrochloride diluted to 4 μg/mL with 0.9% sodium chloride injection was physically stable throughout the study. No precipitation was observed. At days 2, 14, 30, 45, 60, and 90 all bags diluted to 4 μg/mL had <10% degradation when stored under refrigeration (3°C-5°C) or stored at room temperature (23°C-25°C). Conclusion: Isoproterenol hydrochloride diluted to a concentration of 4 μg/mL with 0.9% sodium chloride for injection in ultraviolet light blocking bags was stable for 90 days at room temperature and under refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J. Rice
- University of Colorado Skaggs School of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael F. Wempe
- University of Colorado Skaggs School of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Clark Lyda
- University of Colorado Hospital,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tyree H. Kiser
- University of Colorado Skaggs School of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
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Allylmethylsulfide, a Sulfur Compound Derived from Garlic, Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7856318. [PMID: 32617142 PMCID: PMC7306095 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7856318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allylmethylsulfide (AMS) is a novel sulfur metabolite found in the garlic-fed serum of humans and animals. In the present study, we have observed that AMS is safe on chronic administration and has a potential antihypertrophic effect. Chronic administration of AMS for 30 days did not cause any significant differences in the body weight, electrocardiogram, food intake, serum biochemical parameters, and histopathology of vital organs. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of AMS suggests that AMS is rapidly metabolized into Allylmethylsulfoxide (AMSO) and Allylmethylsulfone (AMSO2). To evaluate the efficacy of AMS, cardiac hypertrophy was induced by subcutaneous implantation of ALZET® osmotic minipump containing isoproterenol (~5 mg/kg/day), cotreated with AMS (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) and enalapril (10 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. AMS and enalapril significantly reduced cardiac hypertrophy as studied by the heart weight to body weight ratio and mRNA expression of fetal genes (ANP and β-MHC). We have observed that TBARS, a parameter of lipid peroxidation, was reduced and the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were improved in the AMS and enalapril-cotreated hypertrophic hearts. The extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) were significantly upregulated in the diseased hearts; however, with the AMS and enalapril, it was preserved. Similarly, caspases 3, 7, and 9 were upregulated in hypertrophic hearts, and with the AMS and enalapril treatment, they were reduced. Further to corroborate this finding with in vitro data, we have checked the nuclear expression of caspase 3/7 in the H9c2 cells treated with isoproterenol and observed that AMS cotreatment reduced it significantly. Histopathological investigation of myocardium suggests AMS and enalapril treatment reduced fibrosis in hypertrophied hearts. Based on our experimental results, we conclude that AMS, an active metabolite of garlic, could reduce isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and stabilizing ECM components.
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