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Habib Adam M, Tandon N, Singh I, Tandon R. The Phytochemical Tactics for Battling Antibiotic Resistance in Microbes: Secondary Metabolites and Nano Antibiotics Methods. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300453. [PMID: 37535351 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the most serious threats to human health is antibiotic resistance, which has left the world without effective antibiotics. While continuous research and inventions for new antibiotics are going on, especially those with new modes of action, it is unlikely that this alone would be sufficient to win the battle. Furthermore, it is also important to investigate additional approaches. One such strategy for improving the efficacy of existing antibiotics is the discovery of adjuvants. This review has collected data from various studies on the current crisis and approaches for combating multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens using phytochemicals. In addition, the nano antibiotic approaches, are discussed, highlighting the high potentials of essential oils, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and nano antibiotics in combating antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahid Habib Adam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, 144411, Phagwara, India
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, 144411, Phagwara, India
| | - Iqubal Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, 144411, Phagwara, India
| | - Runjhun Tandon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, 144411, Phagwara, India
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Cimolai N. Delayed Antibiotic Prescribing in the Outpatient Setting. J Pharm Pract 2020; 33:736-737. [DOI: 10.1177/0897190020951347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nevio Cimolai
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Children’s and Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Rusic D, Bozic J, Bukic J, Vilovic M, Tomicic M, Seselja Perisin A, Leskur D, Modun D, Cohadzic T, Tomic S. Antimicrobial Resistance: Physicians' and Pharmacists' Perspective. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:670-677. [PMID: 33052767 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacists' and physicians' attitudes and knowledge about antimicrobial treatment and resistance and based on the results to identify possible gaps and suggest opportunities for collaboration between the two professions. Methods: The physician's questionnaire consisted of 47 items and the pharmacists' questionnaire consisted of 50 items. Participants were asked to identify situations in which they were more likely to prescribe/dispense an antimicrobial without a firm indication, to identify the greatest contributors to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among health care workers, to rate statements related to AMR, how frequently they used different sources of information and to rate the possible causes of AMR. Furthermore, preparedness for specific actions in practice was self-rated and knowledge was evaluated. The questionnaires were anonymous and participation in the study was voluntary. Results: This research included 180 community pharmacists and 181 physicians. As many as 76 (42.0%) physicians stated they would prescribe an antimicrobial when unsure whether the infection was of viral or bacterial etiology. More than half of the participants considered family medicine doctors the greatest contributors to AMR (N = 216, 59.8%), followed by patients (N = 175, 48.5%). In questions focusing on knowledge, physicians scored significantly higher compared with pharmacists (4.06 ± 1.01 vs. 3.71 ± 1.08, p = 0.001). Conclusion: This research revealed practices among pharmacists and physicians that should be improved and it highlighted gaps in knowledge by both professions. More attention should be given to patient consultation when dispensing and prescribing an antimicrobial as this may reduce their contribution to AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Rusic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Josipa Bukic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Marino Vilovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Marion Tomicic
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Seselja Perisin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Dario Leskur
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Darko Modun
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Tin Cohadzic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Sinisa Tomic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.,The Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices, Zagreb, Croatia
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