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Doğan A, Saritaş S. The effects of neuro-linguistic programming and guided imagery on the pain and comfort after open-heart surgery. J Card Surg 2021; 36:2389-2397. [PMID: 33760270 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to evaluate the effects of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) and guided imagery on postoperative pain and comfort after open-heart surgery. METHODS In the current, prospective, randomized, single-blind clinical study, the participants received NLP with a new behavior formation technique or the guided imagery relaxation technique using an audio compact disc for a duration of 30 min. RESULTS The patients in the NLP group had significantly lower posttest pain levels, compared to the patients in the guided imagery and control groups. Moreover, the patients in the guided imagery group had significantly higher posttest comfort levels, compared to the patients in the NLP and control groups. CONCLUSION The application of both NLP and guided imagery interventions resulted in reduced postoperative pain and increased postoperative comfort levels after open-heart surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Doğan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Toros University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serdar Saritaş
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Fachner JC, Maidhof C, Grocke D, Nygaard Pedersen I, Trondalen G, Tucek G, Bonde LO. "Telling me not to worry…" Hyperscanning and Neural Dynamics of Emotion Processing During Guided Imagery and Music. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1561. [PMID: 31402880 PMCID: PMC6673756 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze how emotions and imagery are shared, processed and recognized in Guided Imagery and Music, we measured the brain activity of an experienced therapist (“Guide”) and client (“Traveler”) with dual-EEG in a real therapy session about potential death of family members. Synchronously with the EEG, the session was video-taped and then micro-analyzed. Four raters identified therapeutically important moments of interest (MOI) and no-interest (MONI) which were transcribed and annotated. Several indices of emotion- and imagery-related processing were analyzed: frontal and parietal alpha asymmetry, frontal midline theta, and occipital alpha activity. Session ratings showed overlaps across all raters, confirming the importance of these MOIs, which showed different cortical activity in visual areas compared to resting-state. MOI 1 was a pivotal moment including an important imagery with a message of hope from a close family member, while in the second MOI the Traveler sent a message to an unborn baby. Generally, results seemed to indicate that the emotions of Traveler and Guide during important moments were not positive, pleasurably or relaxed when compared to resting-state, confirming both were dealing with negative emotions and anxiety that had to be contained in the interpersonal process. However, the temporal dynamics of emotion-related markers suggested shifts in emotional valence and intensity during these important, personally meaningful moments; for example, during receiving the message of hope, an increase of frontal alpha asymmetry was observed, reflecting increased positive emotional processing. EEG source localization during the message suggested a peak activation in left middle temporal gyrus. Interestingly, peaks in emotional markers in the Guide partly paralleled the Traveler's peaks; for example, during the Guide's strong feeling of mutuality in MOI 2, the time series of frontal alpha asymmetries showed a significant cross-correlation, indicating similar emotional processing in Traveler and Guide. Investigating the moment-to-moment interaction in music therapy showed how asymmetry peaks align with the situated cognition of Traveler and Guide along the emotional contour of the music, representing the highs and lows during the therapy process. Combining dual-EEG with detailed audiovisual and qualitative data seems to be a promising approach for further research into music therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg C Fachner
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Josef Ressel Centre for Personalised Music Therapy, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Clemens Maidhof
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Josef Ressel Centre for Personalised Music Therapy, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Denise Grocke
- Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Inge Nygaard Pedersen
- Department of Communication and Psychology, The Faculty of Humanities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gro Trondalen
- Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerhard Tucek
- Josef Ressel Centre for Personalised Music Therapy, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Lars O Bonde
- Department of Communication and Psychology, The Faculty of Humanities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, Oslo, Norway
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Marshall RC, Farrell IC. Career Guided Imagery: A Narrative Approach for Emerging Adults. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2019.1586612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kress VE, Paylo MJ, Adamson NA, Baltrinic E. Teaching Diagnosis in Context: Guided Imagery as a Contextually Sensitive Pedagogical Technique. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2013.854190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kress VE, Adamson N, DeMarco C, Paylo MJ, Zoldan CA. The Use of Guided Imagery as an Intervention in Addressing Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2013.763683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mind-body interventions for treatment of phantom limb pain in persons with amputation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 91:701-14. [PMID: 22286895 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0b013e3182466034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a significant source of chronic pain in most persons with amputation at some time in their clinical course. Pharmacologic therapies for this condition are often only moderately effective and may produce unwanted adverse effects. There is growing empirical evidence of the therapeutic effectiveness of mind-body therapies for the relief of chronic pain; therefore, an exploration of their role in relieving amputation-related chronic pain is warranted. We undertook a focused literature review on mind-body interventions for patients with amputation who experience PLP. Because of study heterogeneity, only descriptive presentations of the studies are presented. Only studies of hypnosis, imagery, and biofeedback, including visual mirror feedback, were found; studies on meditation, yoga, and tai chi/qigong were missing from the literature. Few studies of specific mind-body therapies were dedicated to management of PLP, with the exception of mirror visual therapy. Overall, studies were largely exploratory and reflect considerable variability in the application of mind-body techniques, making definitive conclusions inadvisable. Nevertheless, the weight of existing findings indicates that a mind-body approach to PLP pain management is promising and that specific methods may offer either temporary or long-term relief, either alone or in combination with conventional therapies. The authors discuss the potential for usefulness of specific mind-body therapies and the relevance of their mechanisms of action to those of PLP, including targeting cortical reorganization, autonomic nervous system deregulation, stress management, coping ability, and quality-of-life. The authors recommend more and better quality research exploring the efficacy and mechanisms of action.
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Geleide visualisatie bij fibromyalgie: effecten op pijn, zelfeffectiviteit en functionele status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12483-011-0055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Lew MW, Kravits K, Garberoglio C, Williams AC. Use of preoperative hypnosis to reduce postoperative pain and anesthesia-related side effects. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2011; 59:406-23. [PMID: 21867377 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2011.594737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot project was to test the feasibility of hypnosis as a preoperative intervention. The unique features of this study were: (a) use of a standardized nurse-delivered hypnosis protocol, (b) intervention administration immediately prior to surgery in the preoperative holding area, and (c) provision of hypnosis to breast cancer surgery patients receiving general anesthesia. A mixed-method design was used. Data collected from the intervention group and historical control group included demographics, symptom assessments, medication administration, and surgical, anesthesia, and recovery minutes. A semi-structured interview was conducted with the intervention group. A reduction in anxiety, worry, nervousness, sadness, irritability, and distress was found from baseline to postintervention while pain and nausea increased. The results support further exploration of the use of nurse-led preoperative hypnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Lew
- Nursing Research and Education, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To critically review evidence on the effects of psychological support during intensive care unit (ICU) treatment on adult ICU patients' psychological and physiological outcomes. Evidence from intervention studies on imagery and relaxation has been included, as well. BACKGROUND Stress and negative emotions may have both immediate, as well as long-term effects on ICU patients' psychological and physical well-being, and they are linked to delayed physical recovery. DESIGN, METHODS: A narrative critical review methodology was employed. Databases searched included Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, PsychInfo and the Cochrane Library. Experimental, quasi-experimental or pretest-posttest peer-reviewed intervention studies published since 1970 were included. RESULTS Fourteen studies: seven on nurse led relaxation, three on guided imagery, one on nurse-patient interaction, two on physician-patient interaction and one correlational study on perceived social support were included. The results suggest significant improvements in patients' outcomes: improved vital signs, decrease in pain ratings, anxiety, rate of complications and length of stay, and improved sleep and patient satisfaction. Eight studies employed randomized experimental, four quasi-experimental and two descriptive correlational designs. Two studies explored effects on patients' sleep, and two on procedure-related pain. CONCLUSIONS The literature is limited in exploring the effects of nurse-patient interactions. The amount and quality of psychosocial support in the ICU, as well as imagery and relaxation techniques, are linked to short-term and long-term patients' outcomes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE ICU nurses need to engage in psychological support in a systematic way, and to acknowledge the high priority of support interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D E Papathanassoglou
- Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Siakoleion Centre for Health Studies, 2252 Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Trakhtenberg EC. The effects of guided imagery on the immune system: a critical review. Int J Neurosci 2008; 118:839-55. [PMID: 18465428 DOI: 10.1080/00207450701792705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The research on the effect of guided imagery (GI) on immune system is reviewed and, accordingly, a direction for future research is proposed. Studies suggest that: GI can reduce stress and elevate the immune system; cell-specific imagery affects corresponding WBCs, neutrophils, or lymphocytes; decreases in WBC count occur in the initial stages of GI and relaxation due to fluctuations in WBC production or margination; and changes in WBC count or adherence occur earlier in medical patients. Directions for further investigations: Definition of the ideal WBC count; the effects of long-term practice of GI; and influence of cell-specific imagery on WBCs.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the experience that holistic nurses have in incorporating complementary and alternative modalities in the care of their clients, as well as gain a deeper understanding of holistic nurses and the perceived benefit of utilizing a holistic modality with their clients and themselves concurrently as providers of these modalities. Purposeful samplings of holistic nurses' who include modalities in their healing process were the participants in this exploratory research, which entailed data collection through the use of critical incident reports and open-ended interviews.
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Abstract
This article addresses the why and how of imagery and its relation with holistic theories. The description of clinical applications, program development, and research demonstrates successful interventions in virtually every area of nursing. Case examples show the profound healing that is experienced by the patient and the nurse simultaneously through this work. Imagery is harmless, is time- and cost-effective, and creates a healing partnership between the nurse and patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Reed
- Beyond Ordinary Nursing, Certificate Program in Imagery, PO Box 8177, Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
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Menzies V, Taylor AG, Bourguignon C. Effects of guided imagery on outcomes of pain, functional status, and self-efficacy in persons diagnosed with fibromyalgia. J Altern Complement Med 2006; 12:23-30. [PMID: 16494565 PMCID: PMC3712642 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2006.12.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To investigate the effects of a 6-week intervention of guided imagery on pain level, functional status, and self-efficacy in persons with fibromyalgia (FM); and (2) to explore the dose-response effect of imagery use on outcomes. DESIGN Longitudinal, prospective, two-group, randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING AND SUBJECTS The sample included 48 persons with FM recruited from physicians' offices and clinics in the mid-Atlantic region. INTERVENTION Participants randomized to Guided Imagery (GI) plus Usual Care intervention group received a set of three audiotaped guided imagery scripts and were instructed to use at least one tape daily for 6 weeks and report weekly frequency of use (dosage). Participants assigned to the Usual Care alone group submitted weekly report forms on usual care. MEASURES All participants completed the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Arthritis Self- Efficacy Scale (ASES), and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), at baseline, 6, and 10 weeks, and submitted frequency of use report forms. RESULTS FIQ scores decreased over time in the GI group compared to the Usual Care group (p = 0.03). Ratings of self-efficacy for managing pain (p = 0.03) and other symptoms of FM also increased significantly over time (p = < 0.01) in the GI group compared to the Usual Care group. Pain as measured by the SF-MPQ did not change over time or by group. Imagery dosage was not significant. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the effectiveness of guided imagery in improving functional status and sense of self-efficacy for managing pain and other symptoms of FM. However, participants' reports of pain did not change. Further studies investigating the effects of mind-body interventions as adjunctive self-care modalities are warranted in the fibromyalgia patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Menzies
- Florida International University, School of Nursing, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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Scherwitz LW, McHenry P, Herrero R. Interactive Guided ImagerySMTherapy with Medical Patients: Predictors of Health Outcomes. J Altern Complement Med 2005; 11:69-83. [PMID: 15750365 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2005.11.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether Interactive Guided Imagery (IGI) is helpful to medical patients and to identify factors that contribute to positive outcomes. DESIGN A prospective cohort study of 323 medical patients who received 6 IGI sessions on a weekly basis. Patients and practitioners completed questionnaires at the beginning, middle, and end of the 6 IGI sessions. The questionnaires assessed the patients' ability to do IGI, the quality of the practitioner-patient interaction, possible confounding variables, and enabling factors. The hypothesis was that measures of the process of doing IGI and the practitioner-patient relationship would predict outcomes. SUBJECTS/SETTING The subjects were all patients seeking treatment at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco, and Marin General Hospital in Greenbrae, CA. INTERVENTION Using IGI interactively is a cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to help patients relax by using mental images to discover and cultivate healing intentions, and to reflect on the meaning of these images. MEASURES The individual measures to assess the patients' ability to do IGI and measures of the practitioner-patient relationship were factor-analyzed to use as predictor variables in a multiple regression. Similarly, the questionnaire items measuring cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and spiritual benefits of IGI were factor-analyzed into factors representing "insight" and "all other" benefits. RESULTS The multiple regression shows that both process and practitioner-patient interaction factors significantly contributed to a combined 40% of the variance in patients' ratings of insight into the nature of their problem and to becoming aware of an aspect of self, F(4,56) = 9.4, p < 0.005. The same process and interaction factors were less strongly related to the other outcomes, r2 = 0.14, F(4,56) = 2.3, p = 0.06. None of the demographic, confounding, or enabling factors was related to the outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS The process of doing IGI and the relationship with the practitioner were both independently associated with the patients' insight into their health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry W Scherwitz
- Institute for Health and Healing, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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