Nurturance. The spirit of holistic nursing

The Effect of Self-Care Nurturance Using the Theory of Modeling and Role-Modeling on Self-Efficacy in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The disability after a stroke results in reduced self-care capacity and lower levels of self-efficacy in survivors. Exploiting a holistic self-care plan to strengthen internal resources in clients can be thus deemed as an effective solution. This study aimed to determine the effect of self-care nurturance using the Theory of Modeling/Role-Modeling (TMRM) on self-efficacy in stroke clients. A randomized controlled trial was conducted at Qaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in 2020. For this purpose, 70 clients were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Then, the experimental group received self-care nurturance based on the TMRM, all through 4 to 6 individual sessions of 30 to 45 minutes in the hospital, and subsequently 2 sessions of telephone counseling up to 8 weeks after the discharge. With reference to patient evaluation in terms of self-care resources, knowledge, and actions, the researcher also tried to strengthen such factors based on the individual needs of each client. The control group received routine care. The data were collected through completing a demographic/disease information form at the onset and the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) before the intervention, 4 and 8 weeks after it. The results revealed that the self-efficacy mean scores of the experimental group, in the course of 3 measurement stages, had significantly improved, compared with that in the control group (P = .018). It was concluded that applying the TMRM could strengthen internal and external resources and self-care knowledge in stroke patients, develop their self-care actions, and improve their levels of self-efficacy.

A Chinese Version of the Caring Dimensions Inventory: Reliability and Validity Assessment

Caring is central to nursing practice. Chinese nurses take care for the health of about 20% of the world’s population and their perception of caring is critical. However, until recently, instrument specifically designed to measure the caring of nurses in China was not found. Caring dimensions inventory (CDI) is one of the most frequently used instrument when measuring caring and is applicable to nurses from different cultures. The aim of this study is to test the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the 25-item CDI. The English version of CDI was translated into Chinese according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization. Content validity was conducted among seven senior nurses from different institutions in different cities in China. A convenience sample of nurses from 11 cities in China was employed. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the CDI was carried out using a sample of 880 nurses. The overall content validity index was 0.98. Three factors (Nurturance, Collaboration, Skill) were identified in exploratory factor analysis and were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The three-factor solution explains 70.15% of the total variance. The Cronbach alpha for overall the CDI was 0.97. This study demonstrated that the Chinese version of the CDI showed satisfactory reliability and validity, indicating that it could be a useful measurement to assess nurses’ perception of caring in China.

What’s in a Definition?Holistic Nursing, Integrative Health Care, andIntegrative Nursing: Report of an Integrated Literature Review

Background: Nurses and others have used various terms to describe our caring/healing approach to practice. Because terms used can influence our image of ourselves and the image others have of us, we sought to clarify their meanings. Questions: How are the terms holistic nursing, integrative health care, and integrative nursing defined or described? Do we identify with these definitions/descriptions? Are the various terms the same or are they distinct? Method: We conducted an integrated review of peer-reviewed literature following the process described by Whittemore and Knafl. Using standard search methods, we reviewed full texts of 94 published papers and extracted data from 58 articles. Findings: Holistic describes “whole person care” often acknowledging body–mind–spirit. Holistic nursing defines a disciplinary practice specialty. The term integrative refers to practice that includes two or more disciplines or distinct approaches to care. Both terms, integrative and holistic, are associated with alternative/complementary modalities and have similar philosophical and/or theoretical underpinnings. Conclusions: There is considerable overlap between holistic nursing and integrative nursing. The relationship of integrative nursing to integrative health care is unclear based solely on definitions. Consideration of terms used provides opportunities for reflection, collaboration, and growth.