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Sun Z, Wong R, Liu Y, Yu M, Li J, Spence D, Zhang M, Kathaperumal M, Wong CP. Melamine-graphene epoxy nanocomposite based die attach films for advanced 3D semiconductor packaging applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15193-15202. [PMID: 36214327 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04557e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the ultra-fast development of personal portable electronic devices, it is important to explore new die attach film (DAF) materials in the limited mounting area and height in order to meet the requirements of a high packaging density and a high operating speed. Graphene-based epoxy nanocomposites are becoming one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of DAFs combining the ultra-high thermal conductivity of graphene, and ultra-strong adhesion of epoxy polymers. However, poor dispersion and weak interfacial connections, due to the overly smooth surface of graphene nanosheets, are still pressing issues that limit their industrial applications. Additionally, pristine graphene nanosheets have only a small effect on improving the glass transition temperature (Tg) of epoxy composites to meet the requirements of DAFs. In this work, melamine-functionalized graphene is synthesized by using a nondestructive ball milling process, which results in greater dispersion and enhancement of the interfacial connections between graphene and epoxy resins demonstrated by both experimental and simulation results. In particular, the aromatic triazine rings of melamine increase Tg in the cured resin, thus improving the thermal stability of DAFs. The melamine-graphene (M-G) epoxy nanocomposites synthesized have a high Tg of 172 °C and an out-of-plane thermal conductivity of 1.08 W m-1 K-1 at 10 wt% loading. This is 6.4 multiples higher than that of neat epoxy. Moreover, M-G epoxy nanocomposites exhibit superb thermal stability, an effective low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), low moisture adsorption, and a useful high electrical resistivity. In the DAF performance test, involving experimentation and modeling, the samples present a better cooling capability and heat dissipation. This supports the idea that our findings have potential to be applied in the next generation of DAFs for high-power and high-density 3D packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Ryan Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Michael Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Jiaxiong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Daron Spence
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Mohanalingam Kathaperumal
- School of Electrical and Computing Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
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Yang W, Qi J, Tan W, Zhu Z, He X, Zeng K, Hu J, Yang G. Study on aromatic nitrile-based resins containing both phthalonitrile and dicyanoimidazole groups. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yu YT, Zhao JW, Wei MH, Huang ZH, Liu XL. Synthesis and characterization of new aromatic copoly(ether amide)s bearing 4-trifluoromethylphenyl-2,6-diphenylpyridyl moieties in the main chain. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221080043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of new aromatic fluorinated copoly(ether amide)s containing 4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,6-diphenylpyridyl moiety with high molecular weight were prepared by a low-temperature solution polycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride with 4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,6-bis(4-aminophenyl)pyridine and 1,4-bis(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzene with various mole ratios of the two monomers ranged from 20/80 to 80/20. All polymers were amorphous and soluble in common organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide and tetrahydrofuran at room temperature or upon heating at 70oC, and could be solution cast into transparent, tough, and flexible films with tensile strengths of 66.9–80.2 MPa, tensile moduli of 1.84–2.03 GPa, and elongations at break of 11.8–20.7%. These new polyamides displayed good thermal stability with gradually increasing of glass temperatures of 259–285oC as an increase of the 4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,6-diphenylpyridyl component, the temperature at 10% weight loss of 476–505oC, and the residue of 55–61% at 750oC in nitrogen. They also exhibited low dielectric constants of 3.11–3.38 (1 MHz), low moisture absorption in the range of 1.43–1.75%, and high transparency with an UV–vis absorption cut-off wavelength in the 350–368 nm range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing-Wei Zhao
- Guangzhou Tinci Materials Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Hong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Huang
- Guangzhou Tinci Materials Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Zhu Z, He X, Tan W, Hong J, Liao S, Lv J, Zeng K, Hu J, Yang G. A new class of high-performance thermoset resins using dicyanoimidazole (DCI) as crosslinking group: A key demo of synthesis, curing behavior and thermal properties. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dinari M, Haghighi A. Efficient removal of hexavalent chromium and lead from aqueous solutions by s-triazine containing nanoporous polyamide. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Dinari
- Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
| | - Atefeh Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
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Khattab SN, Abdel Naim SE, El-Sayed M, El Bardan AA, Elzoghby AO, Bekhit AA, El-Faham A. Design and synthesis of new s-triazine polymers and their application as nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02539k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility ofs-triazine polyamides to fabricate celecoxib-loaded nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine N. Khattab
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Alexandria University
- Alexandria 21321
- Egypt
| | - Samar E. Abdel Naim
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Alexandria University
- Alexandria 21321
- Egypt
| | - Mousa El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Alexandria University
- Alexandria 21321
- Egypt
| | - Aly A. El Bardan
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Alexandria University
- Alexandria 21321
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed O. Elzoghby
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Alexandria University
- Alexandria 21521
- Egypt
| | - Adnan A. Bekhit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Alexandria University
- Alexandria 21521
- Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Alexandria University
- Alexandria 21321
- Egypt
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Yang R, Li K, Tong L, Jia K, Liu X. The relationship between processing and performances of polyarylene ether nitriles terminated with phthalonitrile/trifunctional phthalonitrile composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tong L, Pu Z, Huang X, Chen Z, Yang X, Liu X. Crosslinking behavior of polyarylene ether nitrile terminated with phthalonitrile (PEN-t-Ph)/1,3,5-Tri-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy) benzene (TPh) system and its enhanced thermal stability. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Tong
- Research Branch of Functional Materials, Institute of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, High-Temperature Resistant Polymers and Composites Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Zejun Pu
- Research Branch of Functional Materials, Institute of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, High-Temperature Resistant Polymers and Composites Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Huang
- Research Branch of Functional Materials, Institute of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, High-Temperature Resistant Polymers and Composites Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiran Chen
- Research Branch of Functional Materials, Institute of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, High-Temperature Resistant Polymers and Composites Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Xulin Yang
- Research Branch of Functional Materials, Institute of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, High-Temperature Resistant Polymers and Composites Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Research Branch of Functional Materials, Institute of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, High-Temperature Resistant Polymers and Composites Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Two new diacid monomers 4,4′-bis[5-(trimellitimido)napthyloxy]diphenyl sulfone and 4,4′-bis[5-(trimellitimido)napthyloxy]benzophenone were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic analysis. A series of poly(amide-imide)s (PAIs) were prepared from these diacids and aromatic diamines through phosphorylation reaction. The structures of the PAIs were characterized by infrared and 1H-NMR. The PAIs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, electrical properties, solution viscosity and solubility test. The flexible linkages and pendant groups in the PAIs chain will disturb chain–chain packing and their effects on solubility, thermal stability and electrical properties were investigated. PAIs showed excellent thermal stability and good solubility. The dielectric constants of the PAIs were in the range 4.15–4.77. The PAIs have electrical insulation character and the film can be used in insulation of electrical items operating at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Thiruvasagam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - M. Vijayan
- Functional Materials Division, Central Electro Chemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, India
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Effect of curing behaviors on the properties of poly(arylene ether nitrile) end-capped with phthalonitrile. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sojitra P, Patel K. Synthesis of polyamides by energy-efficient ultrasonic-assisted direct polycondensation. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008311416525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Four polyamides were synthesized by novel ultrasonic irradiation at 50 °C. Direct polymerization of 2-(morpholino)-4,6-bis(phenoxy-3-carboxy)-s-triazine with different diamines was conducted using a condensing agent. Synthesized polyamides were characterized by particle size distribution, solubility, density, viscosity, Fourier transform infrared spectra, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and accelerated degradation of polyamides. All polyamides were readily soluble in polar organic solvents like N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide and N, N-dimethylformamide at room temperature. The polyamides had inherent viscosities in the range 0.532–0.643 dL g−1 in dimethyl formamide at room temperature (30 °C) and density 1.137–1.198 g cm−3. All the polyamides showed good thermal stability under N2 atmosphere. Under accelerated condition degradation of polyamide was not observed without altering the surface morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Sojitra
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, GJ, India
| | - Keshav Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, GJ, India
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Sadavarte NV, Avadhani C, Wadgaonkar PP. Synthesis and characterization of new organosoluble aromatic polyamides and polyazomethines containing pendent pentadecyl chains. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008311417316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New aromatic polyamides and polyazomethines containing pendent pentadecyl chains were synthesized by polycondensation of pentadecylbenzene-1,3-diamine with (i) four commercially available aromatic diacids, viz., biphenyl-4,4′dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-oxybisbenzoic acid, terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid, and (ii) dialdehydes, viz., terephthaldehyde, isophthaldehyde and a 50 : 50 mol% mixture of terephthaldehyde, and isophthaldehyde, respectively. Inherent viscosities of polyamides and polyazomethines were in the range 0.35–0.56 dL g−1 and 0.33–0.38 dL g−1, respectively, indicating the formation of medium molecular weight polymers. The presence of pendent pentadecyl chains in polyamides and polyazomethines led to an improvement in their solubility in organic solvents. Polyamides could be cast into flexible, transparent and tough films from their solution in N, N-dimethylacetamide while polyazomethines could be solution cast into transparent, flexible and stretchable films from their CHCl3 solution. 1H-NMR studies based on amide proton signals and azomethine proton signals indicated the presence of constitutional isomerism in the polyamides and polyazomethines. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited broad halo indicating that the polymers were amorphous in nature. X-ray diffractograms also displayed sharp reflections in the small angle region (2 θ ≈ 3°) indicating the formation of layered structure arising from packing of flexible pentadecyl chains. The glass transition ( Tg) temperatures of polyamides were in the range 169–215 °C while Tg values for polyazomethines were in the range 16–55 °C. The temperature for the 10% weight loss of polyamides and polyazomethines were in the range 430–460 °C and 425–440 °C, respectively, in a nitrogen atmosphere, which indicated their good thermal stability. Polyazomethines were also characterized by UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy and optical band gap ( Eg) values, calculated according to the maximum of the UV absorption, were found to be in the range 2.82–3.10 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilakshi V. Sadavarte
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, India
| | - C.V. Avadhani
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, India
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