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1
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Li X, Fang S. Preparation and property analysis of kaolin/melamine cyanurate/aluminum diethylphosphinate/recycled
PET
composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College Zhuzhou China
| | - Songgang Fang
- Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College Zhuzhou China
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2
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Zhao C, Sun Z, Wei J, Li Y, Xiang D, Wu Y, Que Y. A Phosphorous-Containing Bio-Based Furfurylamine Type Benzoxazine and Its Application in Bisphenol-A Type Benzoxazine Resins: Preparation, Thermal Properties and Flammability. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081597. [PMID: 35458347 PMCID: PMC9028360 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybenzoxazine (PBa) composites based on phosphorous-containing bio-based furfurylamine type benzoxazines (D-fu) and bisphenol-A type benzoxazines (Ba) were developed for flame retardation. The structure of D-fu was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The curing temperature of Ba/D-fu mixtures was systematically studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the excellent char formation ability of the PBa composites with the addition of phosphorous-containing D-fu. The flame retardancy of the PBa composite materials was tested by the limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94) and cone calorimeter (CONE). The LOI and UL-94 level of PBa/PD-fu-5% reached 34 and V0 rate, respectively. Notably, the incorporation of 5% D-fu into PBa led to a decrease of 21.9% at the peak of the heat-release rate and a mass-loss reduction of 8.0%. Moreover, the fire performance index increased, which demonstrated that the introduction of D-fu can diminish fire occurrence. The role of D-fu in the condensed and gas phases for the fire-resistant mechanism of the PBa matrix was supported by SEM-EDS and TGA/infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that the Tg of PBa flame-retardant composites was around 230 °C. Therefore, PBa composites are promising fire-retardant polymers that can be applied as high-performance functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhao
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhangmei Sun
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jixuan Wei
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yuntao Li
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dong Xiang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yuanpeng Wu
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yusheng Que
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
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3
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Influence of Crystal Structure on Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded 𝛃-Nucleated iPP. INT POLYM PROC 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2020-4106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was nucleated in-situ with calcium pimelate during melt compounding. Calcium pimelate is a highly effective β-nucleator for isotactic polypropylene (iPP). The β-nucleated iPP was characterized by wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for its crystallinity and crystal structure. In addition, the injection-molded samples were tested for thermo-mechanical properties. It is found that very low quantity (< 0.1 wt. %) of β-nucleator is required to produce sufficiently high β-crystal fraction (Kβ) in isotactic polypropylene. β-nucleated iPP shows increment of 11 to 14 °C in its heat deflection temperature (HDT). It was also observed that slow cooling rate of β-nucleated iPP promotes the formation of β-crystals and that tensile stretching leads to complete transformation of β crystals into a-crystals at room temperature. It was also revealed that the presence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA), a well-known coupling agent (or compatibilizer), may reduce the (Kβ) value to a marginal extent. It was also observed that the thermo-mechanical properties were not much affected by the presence of PP-g-MA. Therefore, calcium pimelate may be used as β-nucleator in case of neat as well as reinforced polypropylene containing maleic anhydride as coupling agent.
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Xu Q, Wu L, Yan X, Zhang S, Dong L, Su Z, Zhong T, Jiang C, Chen Y, Jiang M, Liu P. Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Polypropylene Fibers with Modified Intumescent Flame Retardant: Preparation, Characterization, Properties and Mode of Action. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152553. [PMID: 34372156 PMCID: PMC8347993 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) agent designated as Dohor-6000A has been used to prepare halogen-free flame retardant polypropylene (PP) fibers via melting spinning. Before being blended with PP resin, a surface modification of Dohor-6000A was carried out to improve its compatibility with the PP matrix. The rheological behavior of flame retardant Dohor-6000A/PP resin, the structure, morphology, mechanical properties, flammability of the Dohor-6000A/PP fibers were studied in detail, as well as the action mode of flame retardant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the addition of Dohor-6000A did not damage the crystal as well as the orientation structure of PP matrix, which was helpful to the maintenance of mechanical properties. The presence of the IFR significantly improved the flame retardant performance and thermal stability of PP fibers. When the content of Dohor-6000A reached 25%, the fibers displayed a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 29.1% and good melt-drop resistance. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) from microscale combustion colorimetry (MCC) tests were decreased by 26.0% and 16.0% in comparison with the same conditions for pure PP fibers. In the condensed phase, the IFR promoted a carbonization process and promoted the formation of a glassy or stable foam protective layer on the surface of the polymer matrix. In addition, the IFR decomposed endothermically to release of non-combustible gases such as NH3 and CO2 which dilutes the combustible gases in the combustion zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Xu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Q.X.); (L.W.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Q.X.); (L.W.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Xiang Yan
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Q.X.); (L.W.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Shengchang Zhang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Q.X.); (L.W.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Linan Dong
- Chongqing Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Chongqing 401120, China;
| | - Zexi Su
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Q.X.); (L.W.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Tianhaoyue Zhong
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Q.X.); (L.W.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Q.X.); (L.W.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Yuan Chen
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Q.X.); (L.W.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Mengjin Jiang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Q.X.); (L.W.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Pengqing Liu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Q.X.); (L.W.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-28-8546-2013
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Nanoreinforcements of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardant Polymeric Composites: An Overview. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4273253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer materials are ubiquitous in daily life. While polymers are often convenient and helpful, their properties often obscure the fire hazards they may pose. Therefore, it is of great significance in terms of safety to study the flame retardant properties of polymers while still maintaining their optimal performance. Current literature shows that although traditional flame retardants can satisfy the requirements of polymer flame retardancy, due to increases in product requirements in industry, including requirements for durability, mechanical properties, and environmental friendliness, it is imperative to develop a new generation of flame retardants. In recent years, the preparation of modified two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants has attracted wide attention in the field. Due to their unique layered structures, two-dimensional nanomaterials can generally improve the mechanical properties of polymers via uniform dispersion, and they can form effective physical barriers in a matrix to improve the thermal stability of polymers. For polymer applications in specialized fields, different two-dimensional nanomaterials have potential conductivity, high thermal conductivity, catalytic activity, and antiultraviolet abilities, which can meet the flame retardant requirements of polymers and allow their use in specific applications. In this review, the current research status of two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants is discussed, as well as a mechanism of how they can be applied for reducing the flammability of polymers.
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Zhu S, Gong W, Luo J, Meng X, Xin Z, Wu J, Jiang Z. Flame Retardancy and Mechanism of Novel Phosphorus-Silicon Flame Retardant Based on Polysilsesquioxane. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081304. [PMID: 31382664 PMCID: PMC6722730 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel phosphorus-silicon flame retardant (P5PSQ) was prepared by bonding phosphate to silicon-based polysilsesquioxane (PSQ) and used as flame retardant of poly (lactic acid) (PLA). The results show that PLA with 10 wt % P5PSQ has a limiting oxygen index (LOI) 24.1%, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of PLA decrease 21.8% and 25.2% compared to neat PLA in cone calorimetric test, indicating that P5PSQ shows better flame retardancy in comparison to PSQ. Furthermore, the study for the morphology and composition of carbon residue after the combustion of PLA and the gas release of PLA during combustion illustrate that P5PSQ has flame retardancy in condensed phase and gas phase simultaneously. In condensed phase, phosphorus from phosphate promotes the formation of more stable and better carbon layer containing Si and P, which inhibits the transfer of heat and oxygen in the combustion. In gas phase, the phosphate in P5PSQ emits phosphorus-containing compound that can restrain the release of C–O containing products, which may have effective flame retardancy for PLA in gas phase to a certain extent. In one word, P5PSQ is denoted as a good phosphorus-silicon synergistic flame-retardant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiguang Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ji Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhong Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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A Review of a Class of Emerging Contaminants: The Classification, Distribution, Intensity of Consumption, Synthesis Routes, Environmental Effects and Expectation of Pollution Abatement to Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122874. [PMID: 31212857 PMCID: PMC6627825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been detected in various environmental matrices and have been identified as emerging contaminants (EC). Given the adverse influence of OPFRs, many researchers have focused on the absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure processes of OPFRs in animals and humans. This paper first reviews the evolution of various types of flame retardants (FRs) and the environmental pollution of OPFRs, the different absorption pathways of OPFRs by animals and humans (such as inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption and absorption), and then summarizes the environmental impacts of OPFRs, including their biological toxicity, bioaccumulation, persistence, migration, endocrine disruption and carcinogenicity. Based on limited available data and results, this study also summarizes the bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of OPFRs in different types of biological and food nets. In addition, a new governance idea for the replacement of existing OPFRs from the source is proposed, seeking environmentally friendly alternatives to OPFRs in order to provide new ideas and theoretical guidance for the removal of OPFRs.
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8
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Thermal degradation kinetics of flame-retardant glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide 6T composites based on bridged DOPO derivatives. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cao B, Gu X, Song X, Jin X, Liu X, Liu X, Sun J, Zhang S. The flammability of expandable polystyrene foams coated with melamine modified urea formaldehyde resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 China
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Li S, Wang J, Li Y, Wu G, Wang Y, Wang W, Guo J. Preparation and applications of the tertiary copolymer poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate/methyl methacrylate/diethyl allylphosphonate. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhe Li
- Key Laboratory for the Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Jikui Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Petrochemical New Materials; Anqing Anhui 246011 People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Li
- Key Laboratory for the Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Genhua Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Petrochemical New Materials; Anqing Anhui 246011 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Guo
- Key Laboratory for the Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
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Li J, Liu X, Wu Z, Wang Z. The effect of 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene- 10-oxide on liquid oxygen compatibility and cryogenic mechanical properties of epoxy resins. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315601733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (ODOPB) was chemically incorporated into bisphenol A epoxy resin (EP) to improve liquid oxygen compatibility of the EP. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verified that ODOPB was successfully introduced into the molecular chain of bisphenol A EP. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that the ODOPB-modified EPs exhibited much better thermal stability than the pristine ones during the whole decomposition process under oxygen atmosphere. The 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS)-cured resins showed higher initial degradation temperature, and the 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM)-cured resins demonstrated better thermal stability at high temperature. The results of limited oxygen index measurements indicated that the modified EPs also possessed much improved flame retardancy. Furthermore, the enhanced liquid oxygen compatibility of the modified EPs characterized by the liquid oxygen impact test implied that improving thermal stability and flame retardancy of EPs was beneficial to enhance their liquid oxygen compatibility. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrated that the DDS-cured modified EPs had much higher reactivity with liquid oxygen compared to the DDM-cured ones. Mechanical performance tests indicated that the introduction of ODOPB could simultaneously improve the tensile properties and fracture toughness of the EPs at cryogenic temperature. Summarily, it can be considered that the ODOPB-modified EPs have the application prospect in the fabrication of the composite liquid oxygen tanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Li
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Wu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Influence of ferrite yellow on combustion and smoke suppression properties in intumescent flame-retardant epoxy composites. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008314553644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of intumescent flame-retardant epoxy resins (IFREP) were prepared based on bisphenol A epoxy resin (EP) as matrix resin, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol as intumescent flame retardants (IFRs), and ferrite yellow (goethite) as smoke suppressant. Then, the synergistic flame-retardant and smoke suppression properties of α-FeOOH on IFR epoxy composites were intensively investigated using cone calorimeter test and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal degradation process of IFR epoxy composites were studied using thermogravimetric analysis–infrared spectrometry under nitrogen atmosphere. Then, the pyrolysis kinetics parameters were investigated using Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods. The results showed that goethite can significantly reduce heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate, and total smoke release. There are obvious synergistic flame-retardant and smoke suppression effects between goethite and IFRs in epoxy composites.
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13
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Chen X, Liu L, Zhuo J, Jiao C, Qian Y. Influence of organic-modified iron–montmorillonite on smoke-suppression properties and combustion behavior of intumescent flame-retardant epoxy composites. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008314544341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the influence of organic-modified montmorillonite (Fe-OMT) on smoke-suppression properties and combustion behavior of flame-retardant epoxy (FREP) was investigated intensively. A series of intumescent FREPs (IFREPs) with different content of Fe-OMT were prepared based on EP resin as matrix resin, ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythrite as intumescent flame retardants, and Fe-OMT as smoke suppressant and flame-retardant synergism. Then, the smoke-suppression properties of Fe-OMT on IFREP composites were evaluated using cone calorimeter test, smoke density test, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The influence of Fe-OMT on thermal degradation of IFREP composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis–infrared spectrometry in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere. The pyrolysis kinetics of the composites was investigated using Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods. The results showed that the heat release rate and smoke production rate of flame-retardant samples decrease greatly with the increasing Fe-OMT content. Fe-OMT can enhance char residues of flame-retardant samples and decrease the smoke production rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Zhuo
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Qian
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Tian N, Wen X, Gong J, Ma L, Xue J, Tang T. Synthesis and characterization of a novel organophosphorus flame retardant and its application in polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Jiang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Jian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
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