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Mostafa D, Kassem YM, Omar SS, Shalaby Y. Nano-topographical surface engineering for enhancing bioactivity of PEEK implants (in vitro-histomorphometric study). Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6789-6799. [PMID: 37847259 PMCID: PMC10630241 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental implants are currently becoming a routine treatment decision in dentistry. Synthetic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polymer is a prevalent component of dental implantology field. The current study aimed to assess the influence of Nd:YAG laser nano-topographical surface engineering combined with ultraviolet light or platelet rich fibrin on the bioactivity and osseointegration of PEEK implants in laboratory and animal testing model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computer Aided Design-Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD CAM) discs of PEEK were used to fabricate PEEK discs (8 mm × 3 mm) N = 36 and implant cylinders (3 mm × 6 mm) N = 72. Specimens were exposed to Nd:YAG laser at wavelength 1064 nm, and surface roughness topography/Ra parameter was recorded in nanometer using atomic force microscopy. Laser modified specimens were divided into three groups: Nd:YAG laser engineered surfaces (control), Nd:YAG laser/UV engineered surfaces and Nd:YAG laser/PRF engineered surfaces (N = 12 discs-N = 24 implants). In vitro bioactivity test was performed, and precipitated apatite minerals were assessed with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vivo histomorphometric analysis was performed in rabbits with BIC% calculation. RESULTS Ra mean value of PEEK laser engineered surfaces was 125.179 nm. For the studied groups, XRD patterns revealed distinctive peaks of different apatite minerals that were demonstrated by SEM as dispersed surface aggregations. There was a significant increase in the BIC% from control group 56.43 (0.97) to laser/UV surfaces 77.30 (0.78) to laser/PRF 84.80 (1.29) (< 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Successful engineered nano-topographical biomimetic PEEK implant could be achieved by Nd:YAG laser technique associated with improving bioactivity. The combination with UV or PRF could be simple and economic methods to gain more significant improvement of PEEK implant surface bioactivity with superior osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawlat Mostafa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- College of Dentistry, The Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), El-Alamein, Egypt.
| | - Youssef M Kassem
- Prosthodontic Department, LSUHSC School of Dentistry, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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2
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Goto A, Michishio K, Oka T, Tagawa M, Yamashita S. Formation of Nanoscale Protrusions on Polymer Films after Atomic Oxygen Exposure: Observations with Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11954-11963. [PMID: 37580043 PMCID: PMC10469454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Atomic oxygen (AO) is one of the dominant components of the residual atmosphere in low Earth orbit. AO collides with spacecraft with a translational energy of 5 eV, forming nanoscale protrusions on polymeric materials. To clarify the influences of a polymer's chemical structure on the formation of AO-induced microstructures, this study investigated the size of free-volume holes and the layer thickness that interacted with AO for polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The injection energies of positrons varied from 1.3 to 10 keV to adjust the injection depth (range) into the polymers (40 nm-1.6 μm). For the pristine films, the lifetime of ortho-positronium (o-Ps, τ3) was longer in the order of PS, PP, and PE regardless of the injection energy of positrons, showing the different sizes of free-volume holes with radii of 0.29, 0.31, and 0.32 nm, respectively. The fraction of the decay component corresponding to o-Ps in all decay components (relative intensity of o-Ps, I3) was used to investigate the chemical change induced by AO exposure. The I3 values for the three polymers were decreased by AO exposure of (2-5) × 1018 atoms/cm2 or more at a depth of 40-48 nm, obtained by 1.3 keV positrons. This indicates that AO formed polar groups (i.e., an oxidized layer) on the polymer surfaces. The maximum depths of such chemical change for PE and PP were deeper than that for PS. The different sizes of free-volume holes would affect the diffusion or ballistic penetration of AO, resulting in the difference in the oxidized layers' thicknesses and surface morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Goto
- Research
Unit 1, Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
- Department
of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Koji Michishio
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Oka
- Research
Group for Nuclear Chemistry, Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Masahito Tagawa
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Department
of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Nuclear Professional
School, School of Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, 2-22 Shirakata-shirane,
Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1188, Japan
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3
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Luo F, Li D, Huang Y, Mao R, Wang L, Lu J, Ge X, Fan Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang K. Efficient Osteogenic Activity of PEEK Surfaces Achieved by Femtosecond Laser-Hydroxylation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37232-37246. [PMID: 37486779 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) is regarded as an attractive orthopedic material because of its good biocompatibility and mechanical properties similar to natural bone. The efficient activation methods for the surfaces of PEEK matrix materials have become a hot research topic. In this study, a method using a femtosecond laser (FSL) followed by hydroxylation was developed to achieve efficient bioactivity. It produces microstructures, amorphous carbon, and grafted -OH groups on the PEEK surface to enhance hydrophilicity and surface energy. Both experimental and simulation results show that our modification leads to a superior ability to induce apatite deposition on the PEEK surface. The results also demonstrate that efficient grafting of C-OH through FSL-hydroxylation can effectively enhance cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation compared to other modifications, thus improving osteogenic activity. Overall, FSL hydroxylation treatment is proved to be a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly modification method for PEEK activation. It could expand the applications of PEEK in orthopedics, as well as promote the surface modification and structural design of other polymeric biomaterials to enhance bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiong Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dongxuan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yawen Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ruiqi Mao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ling Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jian Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Research Center for Material Genome Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Genome of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Research Center for Material Genome Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Research Center for Material Genome Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yafang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kefeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Research Center for Material Genome Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Genome of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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4
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Luo F, Mao R, Huang Y, Wang L, Lai Y, Zhu X, Fan Y, Wang K, Zhang X. Femtosecond laser optimization of PEEK: efficient bioactivity achieved by synergistic surface chemistry and structures. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7014-7029. [PMID: 36043488 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01142e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is considered a potential orthopedic material due to the excellent mechanical properties and chemical resistance, but its biological inertness hampers its further clinical application. In this study, advanced femtosecond laser microfabrication technology was utilized to induce the change of the surface characteristics of PEEK to improve its bioactivity. Meanwhile, the mechanism of surface reaction and improved bioactivity was interpreted in detail from the perspective of material science. The surface physical-chemical characterization results showed that femtosecond laser etching could increase the surface energy, and the contents of active sites including amorphous carbon and carbon-hydroxyl on PEEK surfaces. In vitro validation experiments demonstrated that the samples etched with a femtosecond laser had a better ability to induce apatite deposition and cell proliferation than those treated with popular sulfonation modification, which would lead to better bioactivity and osteointegration. The current work fully presents the mechanism of the femtosecond laser low-temperature plasma effect on PEEK and the resulting surface characteristics, which could broaden the application of PEEK in the orthopedic field. Moreover, it has great potential in the surface design and modification of other biomaterials with enhanced bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiong Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Ruiqi Mao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yawen Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yixiang Lai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China. .,Research Center for Material Genome Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Kefeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China. .,Research Center for Material Genome Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China. .,Research Center for Material Genome Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Xie H, Zhang C, Wang R, Tang H, Mu M, Li H, Guo Y, Yang L, Tang K. Femtosecond laser-induced periodic grooves and nanopore clusters make a synergistic effect on osteogenic differentiation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112021. [PMID: 34450511 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) materials have good biocompatibility, excellent corrosion resistance, chemical stability and an elastic modulus close to that of natural bone. However, due to its biological inertness, PEEK may affect osteogenic differentiation and leads to osseointegration failure, though PEEK is expected to improve osseointegration. In this work, by changing the power of femtosecond laser, micro-grooves are made on the PEEK surface. As observed by scanning electron microscopy, the trench has a periodic structure, the micro shape is neat, and the trench is also covered with nanometer-level pore clusters. In the in vitro culture experiments, through the proliferation experiment of mouse bone marrow mesenchymalstem cells (mBMSCs), cell viability analysis and alkaline phosphatase activity analysis, it is proven that after femtosecond laser treatment of the PEEK surface, the micro-grooves on the surface and the nanopore clusters due to laser energy ablation can produce a synergistic effect, enhancing the osteogenic differentiation ability of cells, and improving the bone integration ability of PEEK materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiong Xie
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University of Chinese PLA, Chongqing, 400038, PR China; School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, PR China
| | - Chenke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University of Chinese PLA, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, PR China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University of Chinese PLA, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Miduo Mu
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University of Chinese PLA, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Huaisheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University of Chinese PLA, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yupeng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University of Chinese PLA, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Liang Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, PR China.
| | - Kanglai Tang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University of Chinese PLA, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
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6
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Pei X, Wu L, Zhou C, Fan H, Gou M, Li Z, Zhang B, Lei H, Sun H, Liang J, Jiang Q, Fan Y, Zhang X. 3D printed titanium scaffolds with homogeneous diamond-like structures mimicking that of the osteocyte microenvironment and its bone regeneration study. Biofabrication 2020; 13. [PMID: 33045688 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abc060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofabrication of personalized titanium scaffold mimicking that of the osteocyte microenvironment is challenging due to its complex geometrical cues. The effect of scaffolds geometrical cues and implantation sites on osteogenesis is still not clear. In this study, personalized titanium scaffolds with homogeneous diamond-like structures mimicking that of the osteocyte microenvironment were precisely designed and fabricated by selected laser melting method. The effects of different geometric cues, including porosity, pore sizes and interconnection properties, on cellular behavior were investigated. Biomimetic mechanical properties of porous titanium alloy scaffold were predesigned and simulated by finite element analysis. In vitro experiment revealed that homogeneous diamond-like structures mimicking that of the osteocyte microenvironment triggered osteocyte adhesion and migration behavior. Typical implantation sites, including rabbit femur, beagle femur, and beagle skull, were used to study the implantation sites effects on bone regeneration. In vivo experimental results indicated that different implantation sites showed significant differences. This study helps to understand the scaffolds geometrical microenvironment and implantation sites effects on osteogenesis mechanism. And it is beneficial to the development of bone implants with better bone regeneration ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Pei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, CHINA
| | - Lina Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, CHINA
| | - Changchun Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, CHINA
| | - Hongyuan Fan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, CHINA
| | - Maling Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, CHINA
| | - Zhengyong Li
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, CHINA
| | - Boqing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, CHINA
| | - Haoyuan Lei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, CHINA
| | - Huan Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, CHINA
| | - Jie Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, CHINA
| | - Qing Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, CHINA
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, CHINA
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- Department of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, CHINA
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7
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Hu Y, Hou X, Hu X, Jiang D. Improvement in the mechanical and friction performance of poly(ether ether ketone) composites by addition of modificatory short carbon fibers and zinc oxide. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317723445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The composites of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and short carbon fibers (SCFs) were produced with twin-screw extruder. ZnO nanoparticles were modified by γ-aminopropyl triethoxyl silane (APTES), and SCFs were wrapped with poly(ether sulfone) (PES). Morphological examination showed that the modified ZnO (m-ZnO) nanoparticles and wrapped SCFs (w-SCFs) were well dispersed in PEEK. The tribological behavior of PEEK composites under dry friction conditions was studied using a universal micro-tribotester. Exhaustive experimental results showed that the tribological behaviors, or the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites after the addition of m-ZnO nanoparticles and w-SCFs, were improved. The tribological properties of PEEK/ZnO/SCFs composites with 5.0 wt% functionalized ZnO and 10.0 wt% w-SCFs are the minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Engineering Research Center of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Hou
- Engineering Research Center of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyu Hu
- Engineering Research Center of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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