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Wolfgang JD, Dysart JL, Laskoski M. Improved cure kinetics of phthalonitrile resins using
dicyanamide‐based
ionic liquids. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josh D. Wolfgang
- Chemistry Division NRC Postdoctoral Research Associate, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Washington District of Columbia USA
| | | | - Matthew Laskoski
- Chemistry Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Washington District of Columbia USA
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2
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Melamine modified phthalonitrile resins: Synthesis, polymerization and properties. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Boron-containing Phthalonitrile Resin: Synthesis, Curing Behavior, and Thermal Properties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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4
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Pu Y, Xie H, He X, Lv J, Zhu Z, Hong J, Zeng K, Hu J, Yang G. The curing reaction of phthalonitrile promoted by sulfhydryl groups with high curing activity. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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5
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He X, Qi J, Chen M, Lv J, Xiao H, Hu J, Zeng K, Yang G. Preparation of novel bio-based imine-containing phthalonitrile resin through the nucleophilic reaction in green solvent. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Wang T, Dayo AQ, Wang ZL, Lu HM, Shi CY, Pan ZC, Wang J, Zhou H, Liu WB. Novel self-promoted phthalonitrile monomer with siloxane segments: synthesis, curing kinetics, and thermal properties. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05656e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the study, we synthesize a novel auto-catalytic phthalonitrile monomer containing siloxane segments and secondary amino groups. The phthalonitrile monomer has good processability. And the new polymer shows a higher Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Abdul Qadeer Dayo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Zi-long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hui-min Lu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Cheng-yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhong-cheng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wen-bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
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7
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Qi Y, Weng Z, Song C, Hu Y, Liu X, Wang J, Zhang S, Liu C, Jian X. Deep eutectic solvent for curing of phthalonitrile resin: Lower the curing temperature but improve the properties of thermosetting. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320972151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Long curing duration and high curing temperature are commonly known to restrict the application of the phthalonitrile resin. In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing ZnCl2 and urea has been developed to improve the curing process of the resorcinol-based phthalonitrile resin (DPPh) without sacrificing the useful properties of the resin. For the molar ratio of ZnCl2 and urea as 1:1 (ZnCl2-urea (1–1)), the initial curing temperature and apparent activation energy of the system were recorded as 179.5°C and 90.1 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating a reduction of 31.2% and 39.0% as compared to the pristine ZnCl2 system. More importantly, with curing time of 6 h and post-curing temperature of 300°C, the temperature at 5% weight loss as well as glass transition temperature of the resin with DES as the curing agent were 523.1°C and 370.2°C, respectively, demonstrating a significant improvement as compared to the resin cured with ZnCl2. In addition, the satisfactory long-term oxidation stability of the resin could also be obtained by employing the new curing agent. The findings from this study open a functional pathway for facile preparation of the high-performance curing agent for the phthalonitrile resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhihuan Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ce Song
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Shouhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xigao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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8
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Study on the phthalonitrile cured via bio-tyrosine cyclic peptide: Achieving good thermal properties under low post-curing temperature. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Weng Z, Hu Y, Qi Y, Zhang S, Liu C, Wang J, Jian X. Enhanced properties of phthalonitrile resins under lower curing temperature via complex curing agent. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihuan Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center Dalian 116024 PR China
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 PR China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 PR China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 PR China
| | - Shouhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center Dalian 116024 PR China
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 PR China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center Dalian 116024 PR China
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 PR China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center Dalian 116024 PR China
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 PR China
| | - Xigao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning High Performance Resin Engineering Research Center Dalian 116024 PR China
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 PR China
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Monzel WJ, Lu GQ, Pruyn TL, Houser CL, Yee GT. Thermal and oxidative behavior of a tetraphenylsilane-containing phthalonitrile polymer. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318811481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phthalonitrile polymers have potential for high-temperature applications in polymer matrix composites as electronic encapsulation compounds. To investigate the effect of inclusion of an organosilicon moiety, a tetraphenylsilane-containing phthalonitrile monomer was synthesized in high yields. The monomer possessed a high melting point of 222–223°C, while no hydrolytic sensitivity was observed. Cured polymers exhibited glass transitions in the range of 290–325°C and coefficients of thermal expansion of 73–77 µm/(m °C). In thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), 5 wt% loss was observed at 482–497°C and 519–526°C, under air and nitrogen, respectively. Infrared (IR)-TGA of evolved gases revealed multiple degradations in both nitrogen and air. The material possessed good thermo-oxidative stability (TOS) when aged in air at 250°C. After aging for 5000 h, oxidative degradation was characterized using Fourier transform IR microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and Knoop hardness testing. Four zones were identified in aged samples. The cleavage of Si-phenyl bonds and the formation of Si–O phases and carbonyl groups were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Monzel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Guo-Quan Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Gordon T Yee
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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11
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Wang H, Zhang Z, Ji P, Yu X, Naito K, Zhang Q. Synthesis and properties of a novel high-temperature vinylpyridine-based phthalonitrile polymer. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318801911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel vinylpyridine-based phthalonitrile monomer, 2,6-bis[3-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)styryl]pyridine (BDSP), was resoundingly produced by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2,6-bis(3-hydroxystyryl)pyridine with 4-nitrophthalonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate. The chemical structure of the synthesized BDSP was confirmed by proton (1H) and carbon (12C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as well as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The curing behavior of BDSP was investigated by FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The resin showed a low complex viscosity in the wide processing window between the monomer melting temperature and the curing temperature of the polymer, as discovered by rheological analysis. In addition, the properties of the polymer were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Based on the test results, the BDSP polymer demonstrated superior processing performance, excellent thermal stability, outstanding mechanical properties, and low water uptake, and these advanced performance characteristics are critical to many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Puguang Ji
- Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Kimiyoshi Naito
- Hybrid Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-scale Boron Nitride Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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