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Puozzo H, Saiev S, Bonnaud L, Beljonne D, Lazzaroni R. Integrating Benzoxazine-PDMS 3D Networks with Carbon Nanotubes for flexible Pressure Sensors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202301791. [PMID: 37937983 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Shapeable and flexible pressure sensors with superior mechanical and electrical properties are of major interest as they can be employed in a wide range of applications. In this regard, elastomer-based composites incorporating carbon nanomaterials in the insulating matrix embody an appealing solution for designing flexible pressure sensors with specific properties. In this study, PDMS chains of different molecular weight were successfully functionalized with benzoxazine moieties in order to thermally cure them without adding a second component, nor a catalyst or an initiator. These precursors were then blended with 1 weight percent of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using an ultrasound probe, which induced a transition from a liquid-like to a gel-like behavior as CNTs generate an interconnected network within the matrix. After curing, the resulting nanocomposites exhibit mechanical and electrical properties making them highly promising materials for pressure-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Puozzo
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP), Materia Nova Research Center, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium) E-mail: s
| | - Shamil Saiev
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Leïla Bonnaud
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP), Materia Nova Research Center, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium) E-mail: s
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
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Xu J, Chen P, Ma S, Zhu G. Synthesis, polymerization, and thermal properties of novel oxazine‐functional bismaleimides and their conversion to high performance benzoxazole resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Shuaijiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Guohao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
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Liu L, Wang F, Zhu Y, Qi H. Preparation and properties of benzoxazine precursors containing siloxane units and their epoxy copolymers. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221128295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Four siloxane benzoxazines containing different rigid segments were successfully synthesized and characterized herein, including a benzene ring, a biphenyl, a naphthalene ring, and a diphenyl sulfone group. Different rigid segments had different effects on polymer properties. The introduction of the naphthalene ring and sulfone group considerably reduced the curing temperature of benzoxazine. Although the benzoxazine with the naphthalene ring exhibited low heat resistance, all the four samples showed a high char yield at 800°C under nitrogen atmosphere. In addition, during copolymerization with AG-80 epoxy, the introduction of epoxy promoted the curing of the benzoxazines containing the naphthalene ring and sulfone group. The heat resistance of all copolymers was considerably improved, especially for the copolymer containing the naphthalene ring, whose 5% thermal weight loss temperature ( Td5) increased from 248°C to 321°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The copolymer containing the biphenyl structure had the highest glass transition temperature, reaching 259.1°C. Copolymerization with epoxy also considerably improved the tensile strength and elongation at break of the copolymers, which were much higher than those of traditional bisphenol A-aniline based benzoxazine (BA-a). Compared with the neat benzoxazine prepared using siloxane and bisphenol A, the developed copolymers also had better tensile properties, and the copolymer containing the sulfone group showed the greatest improvement (from 49 to 69 MPa, from 3.1% to 9.12%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Liu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
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Forchetti Casarino A, Casis N, Estenoz DA, Spontón ME. Synthesis and characterization of polybenzoxazine/silica‐based hybrid nanostructures for flame retardancy applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Forchetti Casarino
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET Santa Fe Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Natalia Casis
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET Santa Fe Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Diana Alejandra Estenoz
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET Santa Fe Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Marisa Elisabet Spontón
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET Santa Fe Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe Argentina
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Li H, Long C, Zeng K, Li Y, Zhao C, Xiang D, Wu Y, Wang B, Sun Z, Que Y. Preparation and properties of silicon-containing benzoxazine with high thermal stability. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221083474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A silicon-containing benzoxazine (PDpsp-a) was synthesized from bis( p-hydroxyphenyl)diphenylsilane, aniline, and paraformaldehyde. The structure of the monomer was supported by 1H-NMR and FTIR spectra. The curing behavior of benzoxazine was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and in-situ FTIR spectra. The thermal properties were studied by MDSC, TGA, and Py-GC/MS. The results indicated that the characteristic peak of oxazine ring began to disappear when the temperature was heated to 180°C and completely disappeared at 260°C. The polybenzoxazine (PDpsp-a) possessed a high glass transition temperatures (174°C) and had good thermal stability (T10 = 420°C). In the pyrolysates of polybenzoxazine (PDpsp-a), no silicon-containing compounds, no phenol species, and more benzene were detected, we speculated that the Ar-Si bond would fracture with the increase of temperature. The benzene was volatilized from the system as a pyrolysis product and the silicon could react with oxygen to form siloxanes remained in the carbon residue in the form of siloxane compounds. The formed silica layer could endow the silicon-containing polybenzoxazine high thermal degradation stability and high char yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of New Energy and Materials, the Center of Functional material for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Cijie Long
- School of New Energy and Materials, the Center of Functional material for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- School of New Energy and Materials, the Center of Functional material for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- School of New Energy and Materials, the Center of Functional material for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- School of New Energy and Materials, the Center of Functional material for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- School of New Energy and Materials, the Center of Functional material for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yuanpeng Wu
- School of New Energy and Materials, the Center of Functional material for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of New Energy and Materials, the Center of Functional material for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Zhangmei Sun
- School of New Energy and Materials, the Center of Functional material for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yusheng Que
- School of New Energy and Materials, the Center of Functional material for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Basalt Fiber Composites Development and Application, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
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Forchetti Casarino A, Bortolato SA, Estenoz DA, Spontón ME. Tuning morphology of siloxane bond‐based polybenzoxazines by controlling the sol–gel and curing processes. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Forchetti Casarino
- Grupo de Polímeros y Reactores de Polimerización INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral ‐ CONICET) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Santiago Andrés Bortolato
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FCByF) IQUIR (CONICET ‐ Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)) Rosario Argentina
| | - Diana Alejandra Estenoz
- Grupo de Polímeros y Reactores de Polimerización INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral ‐ CONICET) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Marisa Elisabet Spontón
- Grupo de Polímeros y Reactores de Polimerización INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral ‐ CONICET) Santa Fe Argentina
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Machado I, Hsieh I, Calado V, Chapin T, Ishida H. Nacre-Mimetic Green Flame Retardant: Ultra-High Nanofiller Content, Thin Nanocomposite as an Effective Flame Retardant. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2351. [PMID: 33066458 PMCID: PMC7602158 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A nacre-mimetic brick-and-mortar structure was used to develop a new flame-retardant technology. A second biomimetic approach was utilized to develop a non-flammable elastomeric benzoxazine for use as a polymer matrix that effectively adheres to the hydrophilic laponite nanofiller. A combination of laponite and benzoxazine is used to apply an ultra-high nanofiller content, thin nanocomposite coating on a polyurethane foam. The technology used is made environmentally friendly by eliminating the need to add any undesirable flame retardants, such as phosphorus additives or halogenated compounds. The very-thin coating on the polyurethane foam (PUF) is obtained through a single dip-coating. The structure of the polymer has been confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The flammability of the polymer and nanocomposite was evaluated by heat release capacity using microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). A material with heat release capacity (HRC) lower than 100 J/Kg is considered non-ignitable. The nanocomposite developed exhibits HRC of 22 J/Kg, which is well within the classification of a non-ignitable material. The cone calorimeter test was also used to investigate the flame retardancy of the nanocomposite's thin film on polyurethane foam. This test confirms that the second peak of the heat release rate (HRR) decreased 62% or completely disappeared for the coated PUF with different loadings. Compression tests show an increase in the modulus of the PUF by 88% for the 4 wt% coating concentration. Upon repeated modulus tests, the rigidity decreases, approaching the modulus of the uncoated PUF. However, the effect of this repeated mechanical loading does not significantly affect the flame retarding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irlaine Machado
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7202, USA;
| | - Isabel Hsieh
- Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA;
| | - Veronica Calado
- School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Horácio Macedo 2030, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil;
| | - Thomas Chapin
- Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL), 2500 Dundee Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062S, USA;
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7202, USA;
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Synthesis and Characterization of Low-Cost Cresol-Based Benzoxazine Resins as Potential Binders in Abrasive Composites. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13132995. [PMID: 32635664 PMCID: PMC7372411 DOI: 10.3390/ma13132995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of cresol-based benzoxazines were synthesized for potential application as a polymer matrix in abrasive composites. The chemical structures of the obtained benzoxazine resins were investigated in detail using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and hydrogen-1 as well as carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR) with an additional analysis using two-dimensional NMR techniques (2D NMR 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C gHSQC and gHMBC). Structural analysis confirmed the presence of vibrations of -O-C-N- at ~950 cm-1 wavenumber, characteristic for an oxazine ring. The thermal properties of benzoxazine monomers were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The polymerization enthalpy varied from 143.2 J/g to 287.8 J/g. Thermal stability of cresol-based benzoxazines was determined using thermogravimetry (TGA) analysis with additional analysis of the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from the synthesized benzoxazines during their crosslinking by static headspace coupled with gas chromatography technique (HS-GC). The amount of residual mass significantly differed between all synthesized polybenzoxazines in the range from 8.4% to 21.2%. The total VOC emission for benzoxazines decreased by 46-77% in reference to a conventional phenolic binder. The efficiency of abrasive composites with the benzoxazine matrix was evaluated based on abrasion tests. Performed analyses confirmed successful synthesis and proper chemical structure of cresol-based benzoxazines. All the experiments indicated that benzoxazines based on different cresol isomers significantly differ from each other. Good thermal performance and stability of the abrasive composites with the polybenzoxazine matrix and significantly lower VOC emission allow us to state that benzoxazines can be a promising and valuable alternative to the phenolics and a new path for the development of modern, eco-friendly abrasives.
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