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Xiong X, Guan H, Li B, Yang S, Li W, Ren R, Wang J, Chen P. Cure Kinetics and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Novel Phenylacetylene-Capped Polyimide Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1149. [PMID: 38675068 PMCID: PMC11054460 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on a novel phenylacetylene capped polyimide (PI) with unique high-temperature resistance, its curing kinetics and thermal decomposition behavior were investigated. The curing mechanism and kinetics were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) of the curing reaction were calculated based on the Kissinger equation, Ozawa equation, and Crane equation. According to the curve of conversion rate changing with temperature, the relationship between the dynamic reaction Ea and conversion rate (α) was calculated by the Friedman equation, Starink equation, and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (O-F-W) equation, and the reaction Ea in different stages was compared with the results of molecular dynamics. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the thermal decomposition behavior of PI resins before and after curing. Temperatures at 5% and 20% mass loss (T5%, T20%), peak decomposition temperature (Tmax), residual carbon rate (RW), and integral process decomposition temperature (IPDT) were used to compare the thermal stability of PI resins and cured PI resins. The results display that the cured PI has excellent thermal stability. The Ea of the thermal decomposition reaction was calculated by the Coats-Redfern method, and the thermal decomposition behavior was analyzed. The thermal decomposition reaction of PI resins at different temperatures was simulated by molecular dynamics, the initial thermal decomposition reaction was studied, and the pyrolysis mechanism was analyzed more comprehensively and intuitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhai Xiong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China; (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Y.); (W.L.); (R.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China; (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Y.); (W.L.); (R.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Baiyu Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China; (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Y.); (W.L.); (R.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Shuai Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China; (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Y.); (W.L.); (R.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China; (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Y.); (W.L.); (R.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Rong Ren
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China; (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Y.); (W.L.); (R.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China; (H.G.); (B.L.); (S.Y.); (W.L.); (R.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
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Jung H, Bae KJ, Oh Y, Jin JU, You NH, Yu J. Effects on the Thermo-Mechanical and Interfacial Performance of Newly Developed PI-Sized Carbon Fiber–Polyether Ether Ketone Composites: Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071646. [PMID: 37050260 PMCID: PMC10096736 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composites reinforced with newly developed water-dispersible polyimide (PI)-sized carbon fibers (CFs) were developed to enhance the effects of the interfacial interaction between PI-sized CFs and a PEEK polymer on their thermo-mechanical properties. The PI sizing layers on these CFs may be induced to interact vigorously with the p-phenylene groups of PEEK polymer chains because of increased electron affinity. Therefore, these PI-sized CFs are effective for improving the interfacial adhesion of PEEK composites. PEEK composites were reinforced with C-CFs, de-CFs, and PI-sized CFs. The PI-sized CFs were prepared by spin-coating a water-dispersible PAS suspension onto the de-CFs, followed by heat treatment for imidization. The composites were cured using a compression molding machine at a constant temperature and pressure. Atomic force and scanning electron microscopy observations of the structures and morphologies of the carbon fiber surfaces verified the improvement of their thermo-mechanical properties. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the effects of PI sizing agents on the stronger interfacial interaction energy between the PI-sized CFs and the PEEK polymer. These results suggest that optimal amounts of PI sizing agents increased the interfacial properties between the CFs and the PEEK polymer.
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Highly Enhancing the Interfacial and Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber/Poly(phthalazinone ether nitrile ketone) Composite by Thermoplastic Sizing Agents with Different Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142947. [PMID: 35890723 PMCID: PMC9315541 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interfacial modification of basalt-fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites is an essential research field and many techniques have been developed to improve the adhesion between basalt fiber (BF) and the matrix. However, most studies were based on the matrixes of general plastics and epoxy resins. In this work, five different chain structures of thermoplastic sizing agents were used to improve the interfacial properties of unidirectional BF-reinforced soluble and high-temperature-resistant poly(phthalazinone ether nitrile ketone) (BF/PPENK) composites. DMA results showed that the poly(ether nitrile) (PEN)-sized BF/PPENK (BF-PEN/PPENK) composite exhibited the optimal interfacial performance, with a storage modulus (E′) and glass transition temperature (Tg) up to 50 GPa and 288 °C, respectively. Moreover, the tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, and interlaminar shear strength of the BF-PEN/PPENK composite reached 778 MPa, 600 MPa, 1115 MPa and 57 MPa, respectively, and increased by 42%, 49%, 20% and 30% compared with the desized BF/PPENK composite. This study provides some suggestions for the design of sizing agents to modify the interface of BF and high-performance thermoplastic resin.
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Song M, Wang X, Du R, Zhou Z, Li X, Li G, Luo Y. Effects of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) on the structure and performance of PEEK/CF composites. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12446-12452. [PMID: 35480369 PMCID: PMC9036590 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01450e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK/CF) composites feature diverse advantages and have been applied in various fields. However, the high melt viscosity of PEEK leads to their poor processing performance and affects their practical applications. Here a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) was introduced into a PEEK/CF system as a new strategy to address the aforementioned issues. Bearing aromatic rings on the main chains, LCP can strongly interact with PEEK by pi-pi interaction, which alters the crystallization behaviour and facilitates processing of PEEK/CF, eventually improving its mechanical performance. As a result, a high crystallinity (37.37%), a decreased equilibrium torque (8.902 Nm), and a high tensile strength (230.97 MPa) are realized with 5 wt% LCP. The current approach offers a new solution to simultaneously promote processing and mechanical performance of PEEK/CF and other polymer-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyun Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Ran Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Guoping Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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Cheng S, Li N, Pan Y, Wang B, Hao H, Hu F, Liu C, Chen Y, Jian X. Establishment of Silane/GO Multistage Hybrid Interface Layer to Improve Interfacial and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Poly (phthalazinone ether ketone) Thermoplastic Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:ma15010206. [PMID: 35009354 PMCID: PMC8745983 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the faint interface bonding between carbon fiber (CF) and poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) (PPEK) thermoplastic, a multistage hybrid interface layer was constructed via the condensation reaction of N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (KHN+) and the electrostatic adsorption of graphene oxide (GO). The influence of the contents of GO (0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.6 wt%) on the interfacial properties of composites was explored. FTIR, Raman spectra, XPS tests indicated the successful preparation of CF-KHN+-GO reinforcements. The multistage hybrid interface layer significantly increased fiber surface roughness without surface microstructure destruction. Simultaneously, polarity and wettability are remarkably improved as evidenced by the dynamic contact angle experiment. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural strength of the CF/PPEK composites with 0.4 wt% GO (CF-KHN+-4GO) were 74.57 and 1508 MPa, which was 25.2% and 23.5% higher than that of untreated CF/PPEK composite, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis proved that CF/GO/PPEK composites have excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. This study furnishes an unsophisticated and valid strategy to build an interface transition layer with a strong binding force, which would offer a new train of thought in preparing high-performing structural composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.C.); (Y.P.); (B.W.); (H.H.); (F.H.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Liaoning Province Engineering Centre of High-Performance Resins, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.C.); (Y.P.); (B.W.); (H.H.); (F.H.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- Liaoning Province Engineering Centre of High-Performance Resins, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Yuxi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.C.); (Y.P.); (B.W.); (H.H.); (F.H.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- Liaoning Province Engineering Centre of High-Performance Resins, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.C.); (Y.P.); (B.W.); (H.H.); (F.H.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Liaoning Province Engineering Centre of High-Performance Resins, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haoyue Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.C.); (Y.P.); (B.W.); (H.H.); (F.H.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Liaoning Province Engineering Centre of High-Performance Resins, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fangyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.C.); (Y.P.); (B.W.); (H.H.); (F.H.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Liaoning Province Engineering Centre of High-Performance Resins, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.C.); (Y.P.); (B.W.); (H.H.); (F.H.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- Liaoning Province Engineering Centre of High-Performance Resins, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yousi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.C.); (Y.P.); (B.W.); (H.H.); (F.H.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- Liaoning Province Engineering Centre of High-Performance Resins, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xigao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.C.); (Y.P.); (B.W.); (H.H.); (F.H.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Liaoning Province Engineering Centre of High-Performance Resins, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (X.J.)
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