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Claudel J, Turner É, Clément J. Intraday Variation of Ankle Dorsiflexion in Short-Track Speed Skaters. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:833-835. [PMID: 38906530 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optimal ankle dorsiflexion range of motion plays a vital role in attaining the essential crouched posture necessary for excelling in speed skating. The purpose of this study was to determine how the ankle dorsiflexion angle evolves throughout a day of training and to identify the factors that influence this angle. METHODS Thirty short-track speed skaters, from 2 teams, participated in this study. The maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle was obtained in a lunge position facing a wall, using a digital inclinometer. All measures were obtained 3 times per side, 6 times per day, on 2 training days separated by at least a week. We conducted multiple tests to study the impact of repetition, day, side, team level, sex, and moment on the ankle dorsiflexion angle. RESULTS The 3 times repeated measures and the 2 days of training did not have a significant influence on the results. There was a statistically significant difference between the first time point of the day and the 5 other time points for both ankles. Moreover, the influence of sex and team level was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that there are significant changes in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion but only after the first warm-up of the day. Such findings could enable team staff to enhance athletes' precompetition preparation and tailor ankle mobility training regimens more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Claudel
- École de Technologie Supérieure, Laboratoire d'innovation ouverte en technologie de la santé, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut National du Sport du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Émilie Turner
- Institut National du Sport du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Short Track Teams, Speed Skating Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Clément
- École de Technologie Supérieure, Laboratoire d'innovation ouverte en technologie de la santé, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut National du Sport du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Short Track Teams, Speed Skating Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Clément J, Croteau F, Gagnon M, Cros S. Automatic detection of skate strokes in short-track speed skating using one single IMU: validation of a new method. Sports Biomech 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38602324 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2331174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Greater impulse is a key performance indicator of success in short track speed skating. The main objective of this study was to develop a method to measure skating strokes using a single IMU. Eight elite or world-class speed skaters had one IMU placed against their skin on the lower back, and a camera setup was positioned to capture the test. A maximal speed trial was then executed by each participant, and the data were analysed to estimate agreement between the camera and IMU estimates of skate stroke events. Inter-evaluator reliability was assessed on a dataset of 22 athletes performing speed trials as well. The algorithm detected 100% of the strokes identified on the video capture system with a root mean square error of 0.06s. Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias of 0.03s between the two methods, which corresponds to the frame rate of the camera. The inter-evaluator reliability yielded an intra-class correlation of 1.00 (ICC3,1) from a dataset of 7089 strokes. This study provides an example of on-ice evaluation of speed skating strokes using a single IMU. This equipment is less expensive than that employed by previous authors and can be implemented in training situations with low invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Clément
- École de technologie supérieure, Laboratoire d'innovation ouverte en technologie de la santé, Montréal, Canada
- Sciences du sport, Institut National du Sport du Québec, Montréal, Canada
- Short Track Teams, Speed skating Canada, Montréal, Canada
| | - F Croteau
- Sciences du sport, Institut National du Sport du Québec, Montréal, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Gagnon
- Short Track Teams, Speed skating Canada, Montréal, Canada
| | - S Cros
- Short Track Teams, Speed skating Canada, Montréal, Canada
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Wang H, Wu Y, Liu J, Zhu X. Investigation of the Mechanical Response of the Foot Structure Considering Push-Off Angles in Speed Skating. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1218. [PMID: 37892948 PMCID: PMC10604206 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The push-off angle is an important factor affecting speed-skating performance. However, quantitative evidence for the relationship between the push-off angle and foot injury is incomplete. This study aimed to establish a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) and investigate the mechanical responses of foot structures to stress and strain to explore the relationship between injury and movement. A 3D FEM was reconstructed using CT and 3D scan data and validated by comparing the FEM-predicted and in vivo measurement data in the balanced standing state. A push-off angle obtained from a video of a champion was loaded into the FEM. The error rates of validation were less than 10%. With a decrease in the push-off angle, the stress on the metatarsal increased; the stress on the talus, ankle joint cartilage and plantar fascia decreased, as did the strain on the ankle joint cartilage and plantar fascia. The FEM was considered reasonable. Not all foot structures had an increased risk of injury with a decrease in the push-off angle from 70° to 42°. The FEM established in this study provides a possibility for further determining and quantifying the relationship between foot injury and skating technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichun Wang
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yusen Wu
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingxi Liu
- School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Solsona R, Méline T, Borrani F, Deriaz R, Lacroix J, Normand-Gravier T, Candau R, Racinais S, Sanchez AM. Active recovery vs hot- or cold-water immersion for repeated sprint ability after a strenuous exercise training session in elite skaters. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1126-1135. [PMID: 37722830 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2259267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the acute effects of three recovery methods: active recovery (AR), hot- and cold-water immersion (HWI and CWI, respectively), used between two training sessions in elite athletes. Twelve national-team skaters (7 males, 5 females) completed three trials according to a randomized cross-over study. Fifteen minutes after an exhaustive ice-skating training session, participants underwent 20 min of HWI (41.1 ± 0.5°C), 15 min of CWI (12.1 ± 0.7°C) or 15 min of active recovery (AR). After 1 h 30 min of the first exercise, they performed a repeated-sprint cycling session. Average power output was slightly but significantly higher for AR (767 ± 179 W) and HWI (766 ± 170 W) compared to CWI (738 ± 156 W) (p = 0.026, d = 0.18). No statistical difference was observed between the conditions for both lactatemia and rating of perceived exertion. Furthermore, no significant effect of recovery was observed on the fatigue index calculated from the repeated sprint cycling exercises (p > 0.05). Finally, a positive correlation was found between the average muscle temperature measured during the recoveries and the maximal power output obtained during cycling exercises. In conclusion, the use of CWI in between high-intensity training sessions could slightly impair the performance outcomes compared to AR and HWI. However, studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these results, especially in less trained athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Solsona
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Font-Romeu, France Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Sante Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM)
| | - Thibaut Méline
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Font-Romeu, France Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Sante Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM)
- University of Montpellier, Faculty of Sports Sciences, INRAE, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Montpellier, France
| | - Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roméo Deriaz
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Font-Romeu, France Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Sante Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM)
| | - Jérôme Lacroix
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Font-Romeu, France Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Sante Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM)
- Service de médecine du sport, Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Tom Normand-Gravier
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Font-Romeu, France Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Sante Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM)
- University of Montpellier, Faculty of Sports Sciences, INRAE, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Montpellier, France
| | - Robin Candau
- University of Montpellier, Faculty of Sports Sciences, INRAE, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Anthony Mj Sanchez
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Font-Romeu, France Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Sante Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM)
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Measurement of temporal and spatial parameters of ice hockey skating using a wearable system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22280. [PMID: 36566292 PMCID: PMC9790001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice hockey is a dynamic and competitive sport that requires a high level of neuromuscular and cardiovascular function. An objective assessment of skating helps coaches monitor athletes' performance during training sessions and matches. This study aimed to estimate the temporal and spatial parameters of skating by proposing an optimized configuration of wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) and validating the system compared to in-lab reference systems. Ten participants were recruited to skate on a 14 m synthetic ice surface built in a motion-capture lab. Eight original event detection methods and three more adopted from gait analysis studies were implemented to detect blades-off and skate-strikes. These temporal events were detected with high accuracy and precision using skate-mounted IMUs. Also, four novel stride length estimation methods were developed to correct the estimated skaters' position using IMUs' readouts. The stride time, contact time, stride length, and stride velocity were obtained with relative errors of 3 ± 3%, 4 ± 3%, 2 ± 6%, and 2 ± 8%, respectively. This study showed that the wearable IMUs placed on skates and pelvis enables the estimation of temporal and spatial parameters of skating with high accuracy and precision, which could help coaches monitor skaters' performance in training.
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Borrani F, Solsona R, Candau R, Méline T, Sanchez AM. Modelling performance with exponential functions in elite short-track speed skaters. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2378-2385. [PMID: 34058952 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1933351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical models are used to describe and predict the effects of training on performance. The initial models are structured by impulse-type transfer functions, however, cellular adaptations induced by exercise may exhibit exponential kinetics for their growth and subsequent dissipation. Accumulation of exercise bouts counteracts dissipation and progressively induces structural and functional changes leading to performance improvement. This study examined the suitability of a model with exponential terms (Exp-Model) in elite short-track speed (ST) skaters. Training loads and performance evolution from fifteen athletes (10 males, 5 females) were previously collected over a 3-month training period. Here, we computed the relationship between training loads and performance with Exp-Model and compared with previous results obtained with a variable dose-response model (Imp-Model). Exp-Model showed a higher correlation between actual and modelled performances (R2 = 0.83 ± 0.08 and 0.76 ± 0.07 for Exp-Model and Imp-Model, respectively). Concerning model parameters, a higher τA1 (time constant for growth) value was found (p = 0.0047; d = 1.4; 95% CI [0.4;1.9]) in males compared to females with Exp-model, suggesting that females have a faster adaptative response to training loads. Thus, according to this study, Exp-model may better describe training adaptations in elite ST athletes than Imp-Model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences of University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert Solsona
- University of Perpignan via Domitia (UPVD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement De Montagne (LIPSEM), Font-Romeu, France
| | - Robin Candau
- University of Montpellier (UM), Faculty of Sports Sciences, INRA UMR866, Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme (DMEM), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Anthony Mj Sanchez
- University of Perpignan via Domitia (UPVD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement De Montagne (LIPSEM), Font-Romeu, France
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Detection of Movement Events of Long-Track Speed Skating Using Wearable Inertial Sensors. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21113649. [PMID: 34073881 PMCID: PMC8197270 DOI: 10.3390/s21113649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) have been used increasingly to characterize long-track speed skating. We aimed to estimate the accuracy of IMUs for use in phase identification of long-track speed skating. Twelve healthy competitive athletes on a university long-track speed skating team participated in this study. Foot pressure, acceleration and knee joint angle were recorded during a 1000-m speed skating trial using the foot pressure system and IMUs. The foot contact and foot-off timing were identified using three methods (kinetic, acceleration and integrated detection) and the stance time was also calculated. Kinetic detection was used as the gold standard measure. Repeated analysis of variance, intra-class coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots were used to estimate the extent of agreement between the detection methods. The stance time computed using the acceleration and integrated detection methods did not differ by more than 3.6% from the gold standard measure. The ICCs ranged between 0.657 and 0.927 for the acceleration detection method and 0.700 and 0.948 for the integrated detection method. The limits of agreement were between 90.1% and 96.1% for the average stance time. Phase identification using acceleration and integrated detection methods is valid for evaluating the kinematic characteristics during long-track speed skating.
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Influence of post-exercise hot-water therapy on adaptations to training over 4 weeks in elite short-track speed skaters. J Exerc Sci Fit 2021; 19:134-142. [PMID: 33603794 PMCID: PMC7859300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular hot water bathing (HWB), undertaken 10 min after the last training session of the day, on chronic adaptations to training in elite athletes. Six short-track (ST) speed skaters completed four weeks of post-training HWB and four weeks of post-training passive recovery (PR) according to a randomized cross-over study. During HWB, participants sat in a jacuzzi (40 °C; 20 min). According to linear mixed models, maximal isometric strength of knee extensor muscles was significantly increased for training with HWB (p < 0.0001; d = 0.41) and a tendency (p = 0.0529) was observed concerning V˙O2max. No significant effect of training with PR or HWB was observed for several variables (p > 0.05), including aerobic peak power output, the decline rate of jump height during 1 min-continuous maximal countermovement jumps (i.e. anaerobic capacity index), and the force-velocity relationship. Regarding specific tasks on ice, a small effect of training was found on both half-lap time and total time during a 1.5-lap all-out exercise (p = 0.0487; d = 0.23 and p = 0.0332; d = 0.21, respectively) but no additional effect of HWB was observed. In summary, the regular HWB protocol used in this study can induce additional effects on maximal isometric strength without compromising aerobic and anaerobic adaptations or field performance in these athletes.
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Khuyagbaatar B, Purevsuren T, Kim YH. Kinematic determinants of performance parameters during golf swing. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2019; 233:554-561. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411919838643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In golf, the trunk and pelvis kinematic variables are often related to measures of performance due to the highly complex and multi-joint movements involved in swings. However, it is unclear how specific body segments or joints contributed to the golf performance parameters. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the key joints, including those of the upper and lower trunk, that are associated with golf performance parameters, such as X-Factor and pelvis motion. A motion capture system was used to obtain three-dimensional kinematics of golf swings performed by 10 low handicap male golfers. Based on regression analysis, right knee adduction, right shoulder external rotation and left elbow extension in ball address to top of the backswing and left knee adduction and lower trunk right bending with left rotation in top of the backswing to end of follow-through were presented as predictor variables for the X-Factor. For pelvis movement, a greater number of joint angles were associated with pelvis posterior tilt during backswing and pelvis motion to target with right rotation during downswing/follow-through. This study provides fundamental details of the movement mechanisms of major joints, as well as their relationships with performance parameters. Such understanding can be combined with training to improve the golfing skill and prevent possible injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoon Hyuk Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Korea
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Kim K, Kim JS, Purevsuren T, Khuyagbaatar B, Lee S, Kim YH. New method to evaluate three-dimensional push-off angle during short-track speed skating using wearable inertial measurement unit sensors. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2019; 233:476-480. [PMID: 30773989 DOI: 10.1177/0954411919831309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The push-off mechanism to generate forward movement in skating has been analyzed by using high-speed cameras and specially designed skates because it is closely related to skater performance. However, using high-speed cameras for such an investigation, it is hard to measure the three-dimensional push-off force, and a skate with strain gauges is difficult to implement in the real competitions. In this study, we provided a new method to evaluate the three-dimensional push-off angle in short-track speed skating based on motion analysis using a wearable motion analysis system with inertial measurement unit sensors to avoid using a special skate or specific equipment insert into the skate for measurement of push-off force. The estimated push-off angle based on motion analysis data was very close to that based on push-off force with a small root mean square difference less than 6% when using the lateral marker in the left leg and the medial marker in the right leg regardless of skating phase. These results indicated that the push-off angle estimation based on motion analysis data using a wearable motion capture system of inertial measurement unit sensors could be acceptable for realistic situations. The proposed method was shown to be feasible during short-track speed skating. This study is meaningful because it can provide a more acceptable push-off angle estimation in real competitive situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsoo Kim
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jun Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | | | | | - SuKyoung Lee
- Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Hyuk Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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Méline T, Mathieu L, Borrani F, Candau R, Sanchez AM. Systems model and individual simulations of training strategies in elite short-track speed skaters. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:347-355. [PMID: 30071185 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1504375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated training strategies on performance potential in elite short-track speed skaters. Training load and field-based criterion performances from fifteen athletes (10 males, 5 females) were collected over a 3-month training period and the relationship between training loads and performance was computed with a variable dose-response model using a genetic algorithm. Individual simulations of tapers preceded or not preceded by an overload training (OT) were assessed. We obtained a significant correlation between actual and modelled performances (R2 = 0.76 ± 0.07). Regarding model parameters, no significant difference was found between males and females but the time to recover performance tended to be lower in females. Simulations in which the taper parameters were free highlighted that an exponential or a step taper were the most effective for increasing performance compared to a linear taper (p < 0.05). Optimal exponential taper duration after OT was 10.7 ± 2.4d and the optimal load reduction was 75.9 ± 3.7%. OT intensity had the greatest influence on the predicted performance, followed by OT duration, taper decay, and to a lesser extent load reduction during taper and taper duration. Thus, a variable dose-response systems model allows the evaluation of different taper strategies and their potential effect on performance changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Méline
- a Laboratoire Européen Performance Santé Altitude, EA4604, Department of Sports Sciences , University of Perpignan Via Domitia , Font-Romeu , France.,b Fédération Française des Sports de Glace , CREPS/CNEA , Font-Romeu , France.,c Centre de Ressources, d'Expertise et de Performance Sportives (CREPS) - Centre National d'Entraînement en Altitude (CNEA) , Font-Romeu , France
| | - Ludovic Mathieu
- b Fédération Française des Sports de Glace , CREPS/CNEA , Font-Romeu , France.,c Centre de Ressources, d'Expertise et de Performance Sportives (CREPS) - Centre National d'Entraînement en Altitude (CNEA) , Font-Romeu , France
| | - Fabio Borrani
- d Institute of Sport Sciences of University of Lausanne (ISSUL), Faculty of Biology and Medicine , University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Robin Candau
- e Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme , University of Montpellier, INRA UMR 866 , Montpellier , France
| | - Anthony Mj Sanchez
- a Laboratoire Européen Performance Santé Altitude, EA4604, Department of Sports Sciences , University of Perpignan Via Domitia , Font-Romeu , France
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