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Kleinvogel L, Wemken G, Reidelbach C, Garcia-Käufer M, Vach K, Hellwig E, Spies BC, Polydorou O. Method development for the intraoral release of nanoparticles from dental restorative materials. Dent Mater 2023; 39:693. [PMID: 37357045 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was the development of a novel in-vitro method to evaluate the intraoral release of wear particles with a diameter< 1 µm from dental restorative materials. METHODS Test fixtures for a dual-axis chewing simulator (CS-4.8, SD Mechatronik, Feldkirchen-Westerham, Germany), consisting of three components to mount the specimens and a solvent (distilled water) as well as a zirconia antagonist to transfer the masticatory forces onto the specimen was developed. Ceram.x Spectra™ ST HV (CS) and Filtek™ Supreme XTE (FS) specimens (n = 3) were fixed into the mounts and immersed in 25 ml solvent. All specimens were subjected to 500.000 wear cycles with a load of 49 N. The particle size distribution of the suspensions were examined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The collected particles were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). For wear quantification, the surfaces of the specimens were photo-optically scanned and the wear was measured. For the statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Scheffé tests were applied. RESULTS DLS showed particle diameters< 1 µm (CS: 18.06 nm-1.64 µm, FS: 72.30 nm-2.31 µm). SEM/EDS indicated an association between the detected elements and the materials' composition. FS showed significantly higher volume loss (p = 0.007) and maximum depth of the wear profile (p = 0.005) than CS, but no significant differences in the surface loss (p = 0.668). SIGNIFICANCE The novel method is able to detect material dependent particles to the size of nanoscale after in-vitro abrasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kleinvogel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Gregor Wemken
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Reidelbach
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Garcia-Käufer
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115B, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt C Spies
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Polydorou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Dorado S, Arias A, Jimenez-Octavio JR. Biomechanical Modelling for Tooth Survival Studies: Mechanical Properties, Loads and Boundary Conditions-A Narrative Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7852. [PMID: 36363451 PMCID: PMC9657341 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent biomechanical studies have focused on studying the response of teeth before and after different treatments under functional and parafunctional loads. These studies often involve experimental and/or finite element analysis (FEA). Current loading and boundary conditions may not entirely represent the real condition of the tooth in clinical situations. The importance of homogenizing both sample characterization and boundary conditions definition for future dental biomechanical studies is highlighted. The mechanical properties of dental structural tissues are presented, along with the effect of functional and parafunctional loads and other environmental and biological parameters that may influence tooth survival. A range of values for Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, compressive strength, threshold stress intensity factor and fracture toughness are provided for enamel and dentin; as well as Young's modulus and Poisson ratio for the PDL, trabecular and cortical bone. Angles, loading magnitude and frequency are provided for functional and parafunctional loads. The environmental and physiological conditions (age, gender, tooth, humidity, etc.), that may influence tooth survival are also discussed. Oversimplifications of biomechanical models could end up in results that divert from the natural behavior of teeth. Experimental validation models with close-to-reality boundary conditions should be developed to compare the validity of simplified models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Dorado
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Arias
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus R. Jimenez-Octavio
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
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CPG-based generation strategy of variable rhythmic chewing movements for a dental testing chewing robot. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022; 236:711-721. [DOI: 10.1177/09544119221078102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The rhythmic chewing movement pattern is dynamically reshaped to adapt to a variable chewing environment. The variance affects the wear performance of dental prostheses. This study was aimed to generate these variable rhythmic chewing movements for dental testing equipment. A six-axis parallel chewing robot DUT-2 was adopted as the dental testing equipment. Four variances were extracted from the rhythmic movement, including period, offset, amplitude, and mode. The relevant movement cases, including gradually accelerating movement, gradually increasing movement, gradually shrinking movement, and bilateral movement, were designed. Then, a central pattern generator (CPG) model based on morphed phase oscillators was proposed. According to the coupling feature of the rhythmic movements, the specific modulation method of the CPG model was provided for these movements. The simulated incisor trajectory was outputted by importing the driving amplitudes from the CPG model to the virtual prototype of the chewing robot. The bite force (considering two-body and three-body contacts) was analyzed by writing the driving amplitudes into the motion controller of the chewing robot’s physical prototype. The relative errors of offset and amplitude in the z-direction were 4.14% and 0.74%, respectively. The transition was smooth around the turning point during the gradually increasing movement and bilateral movement. For two-body contact, the average relative error and bias of the maximum bite force were 4.15% and 1.08%, respectively. The food involvement decreased the accuracies to 13.18% and 2.50%, respectively. The CPG model supplies a bionic and explicit approach for generating the variable rhythmic chewing movements. The variable movements related to chewing preferences and food properties could be replicated. Besides, the high repeatability of the maximum bite force is beneficial for running the repetitive wear tests. Finally, the CPG model makes it possible to study the influence of the variance on wear performance.
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SHAFIGH ELNAZ, ASHRAFI MEHRAN. A REVIEW OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF DENTAL CERAMIC RESTORATIONS. J MECH MED BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519421500639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dental ceramics are well known for restoring the function and aesthetic of lost or damaged teeth. Understanding these materials’ mechanical and aesthetic properties can make a suitable choice for those materials. The longevity of dental ceramics depends on several factors, including manufacturing method, clinical process, and the oral cavity’s aqueous environment. Failure mechanisms in restorative ceramics are complex and a combination of several factors. Different microstructures in the crystalline phase will involve the propagation of cracks and eventually the fatigue of ceramic materials. Large grains reduce mechanical performance compared to small grain sizes. Aesthetic materials used for veneering are weaker than the core materials and fail when even subjected to small loads. The soft bonding in the core–veneer interface and possible residual stresses created during the veneering method are drawbacks of these systems. Studies on the mechanical behavior of these materials have grown significantly in recent years and provide helpful information about static and fatigue experimentation and the failure behavior of various materials used in dental crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- ELNAZ SHAFIGH
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MEHRAN ASHRAFI
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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