Characterization of hepatitis B virus inhibition by novel 2'-fluoro-2',3'-unsaturated beta-D- and L-nucleosides

Advance of structural modification of nucleosides scaffold

With Remdesivir being approved by FDA as a drug for the treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), nucleoside drugs have once again received widespread attention in the medical community. Herein, we summarized modification of traditional nucleoside framework (sugar + base), traizole nucleosides, nucleoside analogues assembled by other drugs, macromolecule-modified nucleosides, and their bioactivity rules. 2'-"Ara"-substituted by -F or -CN group, and 3'-"ara" substituted by acetylenyl group can greatly influence their anti-tumor activities. Dideoxy dehydrogenation of 2',3'-sites can enhance antiviral efficiencies. Acyclic nucleosides and L-type nucleosides mainly represented antiviral capabilities. 5-F Substituted uracil analogues exihibit anti-tumor effects, and the substrates substituted by -I, -CF3, bromovinyl group usually show antiviral activities. The sugar coupled with 1-N of triazolid usually displays anti-tumor efficiencies, while the sugar coupled with 2-N of triazolid mainly represents antiviral activities. The nucleoside analogues assembled by cholesterol, polyethylene glycol, fatty acid and phospholipid would improve their bioavailabilities and bioactivities, or reduce their toxicities.

l-Nucleoside enantiomers as antivirals drugs: A mini-review

The discovery that some nucleoside analogues endowed with the unnatural L-configuration can possess biological activities has been a significant breakthrough in antiviral chemotherapy. In this regard, lamivudine (3TC) was the first L-nucleoside enantiomer approved against HIV and HBV, and several other L-nucleosides are currently under clinical development as antiviral agents.