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Guiton R, Drevet JR. Viruses, bacteria and parasites: infection of the male genital tract and fertility. Basic Clin Androl 2023; 33:19. [PMID: 37468865 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-023-00193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility affects one couple out of six worldwide. Male infertilty can result from congenital or acquired factors, of which pathogens that reach the genital tract through sexual contact or blood dissemination. The impact of major viral, bacterial and parasitic infections on the male genital tract and fertility has been summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A systematic review of articles published in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases was conducted. It turns out that viruses, as well as bacteria and parasites are major inducers of male genital tract infections and ensuing infertility through damage to the organs and subsequent loss of function and/or through direct damage to the sperm cells. Moreover, not only male infertility results from such infections but these can also be transmitted to women and even to the offspring, thus highlighting the need to efficiently detect, treat and prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Guiton
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, GReD Institute, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Joël R Drevet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, GReD Institute, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Angerer M, Lübbersmeyer F, Gübitz R, Wülfing C, Dieckmann KP. Tertiary Syphilitic Gumma Mimicking Testicular Neoplasms. Cureus 2023; 15:e37392. [PMID: 37051441 PMCID: PMC10085538 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Palpable testicular masses in men aged 20 to 50 years usually represent testicular germ cell tumors. Diagnostic work-up involves ultrasound examination as well as serum tumor markers alpha fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase, and particularly the novel marker M371. Orchidectomy is mandatory for germ cell tumors. We report the rare case of testicular involvement by tertiary syphilis mimicking testicular neoplasms with testis-sparing management. A 46-year-old Caucasian male presented with a painless firm mass in the right testicle and multiple cutaneous plaques at the skin of the scrotum, penis and right forearm. Testicular serum tumor markers were negative. Syphilis Rapid Plasma Reagin test and Treponema pallidum immunoglobulin antibodies tests were positive. Radiological examination revealed bilateral testicular lesions as well as bipulmonal pleural-based opacities. Conservative management was attempted and treatment with ceftriaxone (2 g/day) intravenously for 14 days was administered. The testicular findings improved rapidly and significantly during antibiotic treatment. Radiological follow-up examinations after two weeks and two months showed further regression of the testicular and pulmonary lesions. This case represents an extremely rare testicular manifestation of tertiary syphilis. Due to rising syphilis incidence in Europe, tertiary syphilis with formation of gumma should be a differential diagnosis of testicular tumor. Thus, syphilis-specific treatment is safe and orchidectomy can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Angerer
- Department of Urology, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Hamburg, DEU
| | | | - Raphael Gübitz
- Department of Radiology, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Hamburg, DEU
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Nepal SP, Nakasato T, Fukagai T, Shichijo T, Morita J, Maeda Y, Oshinomi K, Nakagami Y, Unoki T, Noguchi T, Inoue T, Kato R, Amano S, Mizunuma M, Kurokawa M, Tsunokawa Y, Yasuda S, Ogawa Y. Hard bilateral syphilitic testes with vasculitis: a case report and literature review. BMC Urol 2021; 21:120. [PMID: 34479520 PMCID: PMC8414464 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the case of a patient with syphilitic testicular gumma and vasculitis with adrenal failure due to chronic steroid use. CASE PRESENTATION A 63-year-old male presented with hard right eye swelling and very firm bilateral testes on palpation, which he had for 2 years. Testicular tumor markers were negative; syphilis test was positive. Radiological examination suggested aortitis and bilateral testicular malignancy. The patient received ampicillin for the infection and prednisolone for vasculitis. Left orchidectomy was performed to confirm the presence of testicular tumor; histological examinations revealed granulomatous orchitis. The prednisolone doses were adjusted because of relapses and adverse effects of steroid use. Unfortunately, the patient died in the intensive care unit because of uncontrolled blood pressure and pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS This is a rare case of syphilis with testicular involvement and vasculitis. This report shows the importance of broadening the differential diagnoses of testicular firmness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sat Prasad Nepal
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Nakasato
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Fukagai
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shichijo
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Morita
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Maeda
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Oshinomi
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakagami
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Unoki
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Noguchi
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Inoue
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kato
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Amano
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Moyuru Mizunuma
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurokawa
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsunokawa
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Sou Yasuda
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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Abstract
A 31-year-old male came to our clinic for suspicious testicular masses. Frozen-section examination of an excisional biopsy revealed inflammatory tissue, so we did not perform orchifuniclectomy. Definitive hystopatology revealed mio-fibroblastic nodules, which were considered consistent with testicular localization of luetic lesions. The patient was tested for syphilis and was found to be positive. HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) tests were negative. He underwent antibiotic treatment and is doing well.
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