1
|
Simiyu A, Atuheire CGK, Taremwa M, Ssali SN, Mwiine FN, Kankya C, Mugimba KK. Sero-prevalence of syphilis and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at an urban-poor health centre in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:129. [PMID: 38854863 PMCID: PMC11161699 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.129.31622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction syphilis and its outcomes remain a healthcare system burden with adverse consequences such as stillbirths, neonatal deaths and spontaneous abortions among others. The situation might have worsened because the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a major attention drift from other diseases. Additionally, much as testing for syphilis is a routine practice among pregnant mothers, its proportion is not known in urban health care setting. A study to determine the prevalence of syphilis among pregnant mothers in an urban poor setting is warranted. Methods a cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who attended antenatal care at Kawaala Health Centre IV in Kampala Capital City between December 2019 to March 2020. Informed consent was sought from study participants prior to data collection using structured questionnaires. Whole blood was collected and tested using SD Bioline HIV/syphilis duo rapid test kit (SD Standard Diagnostics, INC, Korea). Data analysis was done using STATA 14.2. Results one thousand one hundred and sixty-nine pregnant women participated in the study, with a mean age of 25 years. About 27% of them had completed only primary-level education. Approximately 6% of the participants were HIV seropositive. The prevalence of syphilis was 5.9% (69/1169). HIV positivity (aOR: 4.13, 95%CI: 2.05-8.34), elevated blood pressure (aOR: 2.84, 95%CI: 1.42-5.69), and status of previous pregnancy (aOR: 0.21, 95%CI: 0.05-0.89) were significant predictors of the risk of syphilis among pregnant women in this setting. Conclusion the prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women in urban poor settings is not low and so must not be underestimated. The potential drivers of syphilis among pregnant women are HIV, elevated blood pressure, and status of previous pregnancy. There should be increased awareness about routine syphilis testing among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Simiyu
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health (School of Biosecurity, Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences (SBLS)), College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Collins Grace Kalanga Atuheire
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health (School of Biosecurity, Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences (SBLS)), College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Martha Taremwa
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health (School of Biosecurity, Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences (SBLS)), College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Nabwire Ssali
- School of Women and Gender Studies, College of Humanities, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Frank Norbert Mwiine
- Department of Biomolecular and Biolaboratory Sciences (School of Biosecurity, Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences (SBLS)), College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Clovice Kankya
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health (School of Biosecurity, Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences (SBLS)), College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kizito Kahooza Mugimba
- Department of Biomolecular and Biolaboratory Sciences (School of Biosecurity, Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences (SBLS)), College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kufa T, Woldesenbet S, Cheyip M, Ayalew K, Kularatne R, Manda S, Lombard C, Puren A. Syphilis screening coverage and positivity by HIV treatment status among South African pregnant women enrolled in the 2019 antenatal HIV sentinel survey. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5322. [PMID: 37005466 PMCID: PMC10067819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe coverage of maternal syphilis screening, syphilis positivity, coverage of treatment and their association with maternal HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment (ART) status among pregnant women attending South African antenatal clinics. The 2019 antenatal care sentinel survey was a cross-sectional survey conducted from 1 October to 15 November 2019 at 1589 sentinel sites in all nine provinces of the country and aimed to enrol 36,000 pregnant women ages 15-49 years regardless of HIV, ART or syphilis status. Data collection procedures included obtaining written informed consent, a brief interview, medical record review and blood specimen collection. Completed data collection forms and specimens were sent to designated regional laboratories for data capture and HIV serology testing. Data analysis determined four outcomes i) syphilis screening coverage ii) syphilis positivity iii) coverage of any treatment and iv) with Benzathine penicillin G (BPG). Multivariable logistic regression models with or without interaction between HIV infection and ART status with province were used to determine factors associated with syphilis positivity. Of the 41 598 women enrolled, 35 900 were included in the analysis for syphilis screening coverage. The weighted syphilis screening coverage was 96.4% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 95.9-96.7%] nationally and was lowest among HIV positive women not on ART at 93.5% (95% CI 92.2-94.5%). Syphilis positivity was 2.6% (95% CI 2.4-2.9%) nationally. Among those who were syphilis positive, 91.9% (95% CI 89.8-93.7%) had documentation of syphilis treatment status, of whom 92.0% (95% CI 89.8-93.9%) were treated, with the majority treated with one or more doses of BPG [92.2% (95% CI 89.8-94.3%)]. HIV-positive women, not on ART [adjusted odd ratio (aOR) 2.24 (95% 1.71-2.93)] and those on ART [aOR 2.25 (95% CI 1.91-2.64)] were more likely to be syphilis positive compared to those who were HIV negative. The national syphilis screening coverage met the global screening target of 95%. Syphilis positivity was higher among HIV positive women compared to negative women. Introduction of rapid syphilis testing and ensuring a universal supply of appropriate treatment for syphilis will reduce the likelihood of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tendesayi Kufa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Selamawit Woldesenbet
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mireille Cheyip
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kassahun Ayalew
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ranmini Kularatne
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Samuel Manda
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, South Africa Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carl Lombard
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adrian Puren
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kengne-Nde C, de Dieu Anoubissi J, Loni-Ekali G, Nguefeu-Nkenfou C, Moussa Y, Messeh A, Fokam J, Zeh-Meka A, Snayeul-Wawo D, Tseuko D, Ngo-Nemb M, Kob D, Billong SC, Bonono L, Elat JB. Highlighting a population-based re-emergence of Syphilis infection and assessing associated risk factors among pregnant women in Cameroon: Evidence from the 2009, 2012 and 2017 national sentinel surveillance surveys of HIV and syphilis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241999. [PMID: 33186360 PMCID: PMC7665812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Syphilis and HIV can be transmitted from pregnant women to their children and they remain a public health problem in Africa. Our study aimed to determine the trends of seroprevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection and syphilis infection overtime through the national surveillance system in Cameroon and to explore associated risk factors. Methods We conducted cross-sectional studies of HIV and syphilis, targeting each year 7000 first antenatal care (ANC-1) attendees at the same sites during the 2009, 2012 and 2017 sentinel surveillance surveys. Pregnant women were enrolled at their ANC-1, sociodemographic and clinical information were collected. HIV and Syphilis test were performed by serial algorithm as per the national guidelines. Trends were assessed for HIV, syphilis and HIV/syphilis by estimating seroprevalence from cross-sectional studies. Associated risk factors were explored using multinomial logistic regression with 4 outcomes: HIV/syphilis co-infection, HIV infection only, syphilis infection only and no infection. Results Overall, 6 632, 6 521 and 6 859 pregnant women were enrolled in 2009, 2012 and 2017 respectively. In 2017, a total of 3 901 pregnant women enrolled were tested for syphilis. Almost half of them (47.9%) were living in urban area and were aged less than 25 years (44.7%). While HIV epidemic was on a decline (from 7.6% (95% CI: 6.99–8.28) in 2009 to 5.7% (95% CI: 4.93–6.4) in 2017), a huge significant increase of syphilis prevalence was observed (from 0.6% (95% CI:0.40–0.80) in 2009 to 5.7% (95% CI:4.93–6.40) in 2017). Pregnant women residing in rural areas were more likely to be infected with syphilis than those living in the urban area (aOR = 1.8 [95% CI: 1.3–2.4]). Unmarried pregnant women were three time more likely to be infected by HIV/Syphilis Co-infection than married, cohabiting, widow or divorced pregnant women (aOR = 2.8 [95% CI: 1.3–2.4]). Furthermore; living in Northern region was associated with a lower risk of being infected with HIV (aOR = 0.6 [95% CI: 0.5–0.9]) and Syphilis infection (aOR = 0.6 [95% CI: 0.4–0.9]). Conclusion The epidemiological dynamics of syphilis suggests a growing burden of syphilis infection in the general population of Cameroon. Our findings support the fact that while emphasizing strategies to fight HIV, huge efforts should also be made for strategies to prevent and fight syphilis infection especially among HIV positive women, in rural area, and southern regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyprien Kengne-Nde
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Gabriel Loni-Ekali
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Celine Nguefeu-Nkenfou
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre (CBIRC) for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Yasmine Moussa
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Arlette Messeh
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Fokam
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre (CBIRC) for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon.,National HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance and Prevention Working Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Albert Zeh-Meka
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Denis Snayeul-Wawo
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Dorine Tseuko
- National Laboratory of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Marinette Ngo-Nemb
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Serge-Clotaire Billong
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon.,National HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance and Prevention Working Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Leonard Bonono
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean-Bosco Elat
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon.,National HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance and Prevention Working Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Solomon H, Moraes AN, Williams DB, Fotso AS, Duong YT, Ndongmo CB, Voetsch AC, Patel H, Lupoli K, McAuley JB, Mulundu G, Kasongo W, Mulenga L. Prevalence and correlates of active syphilis and HIV co-Infection among sexually active persons aged 15-59 years in Zambia: Results from the Zambia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA) 2016. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236501. [PMID: 32706823 PMCID: PMC7380641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objectives of the study are to estimate HIV prevalence, active syphilis prevalence, and correlates of co-infection with HIV in Zambia, among recently sexually active individuals aged 15 to 59 years old. METHODS We used data from the 2016 Zambia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA), a national household survey that included biomarker testing for HIV and syphilis. Chembio DPP® Syphilis Screen and Confirm Assay was used to distinguish between active and older syphilis infections. This is the first time Chembio DPP® has been used in a national survey. Log-binominal modelling was utilized to understand the risk of acquiring HIV/active syphilis co-infection using select socio-demographic and sexual behavior variables. Multivariable analysis compared those with co-infection and those with no infection. All reported results account for the complex survey design and are weighted. RESULTS A total of 19,114 individuals aged 15-59 years responded to the individual interview and had a valid syphilis and/or HIV test. The prevalence for those sexually active in the 12 months preceding ZAMPHIA 2016 was 3.5% and 13% for active syphilis and HIV, respectively. The prevalence of HIV/active syphilis co-infection was 1.5%. Factors associated with higher prevalence of co-infection versus no infection among females included, but were not limited to, those living in urban areas (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.8, 4.8), those had sexual intercourse before age 15 years (aPR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.9), and those who had two or more sexual partners in the 12 months preceding the survey (aPR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.6, 4.7). CONCLUSION These findings show high prevalence for both mono-infection with HIV and syphilis, as well as co-infection with HIV/active syphilis in Zambia. There is a need for better screening and partner services, particularly among those engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors (e.g., engaging in transactional sex).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiwote Solomon
- Doctor of Public Health Program, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Ministry of Health Zambia, Ndeke House, Lusaka, Zambia
- National Health Research Authority, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Albertina Ngomah Moraes
- Ministry of Health Zambia, Ndeke House, Lusaka, Zambia
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Daniel B. Williams
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Arlette Simo Fotso
- DPS University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yen T. Duong
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Clement B. Ndongmo
- USAID Global Health Supply Chain Program, United States Agency for International Development, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Andrew C. Voetsch
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hetal Patel
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Lupoli
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James B. McAuley
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gina Mulundu
- University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Lloyd Mulenga
- Ministry of Health Zambia, Ndeke House, Lusaka, Zambia
- University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ng'wamkai G, Msigwa KV, Chengula D, Mgaya F, Chuma C, Msemwa B, Silago V, Majigo M, Mshana SE, Mirambo MM. Treponema pallidum infection predicts sexually transmitted viral infections (hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus-2, and human immunodeficiency virus) among pregnant women from rural areas of Mwanza region, Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:392. [PMID: 31664945 PMCID: PMC6820934 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a global health problem with increased risk and morbidities during pregnancy. This study investigated the magnitude of viral STIs among pregnant women from three rural hospitals/clinics providing antenatal care in Mwanza region, Tanzania. METHODS Between February and May 2018, a total of 499 pregnant women were enrolled and tested for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) using rapid immunochromatographic tests and for syphilis using non-treponemal and treponemal antibody test. RESULTS The median age of enrolled women was 25 (IQR: 22-31) years. Seventy eight (15.6, 95% CI: 12-18) of women tested had at least one sexually transmitted viral infection. Specific prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, HSV-2 IgG and HSV-2 IgM were found to be 25(5.0%), 29(5.8%), 2(0.4%), 188(37.7%) and 24(4.8%), respectively. The odds of having viral infection was significantly high among women with positive T. pallidum serostatus (adjusted odd ratio (aOR): 3.24, 95%CI; 1.2-85). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, history of STIs predicted HSV-2 IgM seropositivity (aOR: 3.70, 95%CI: 1.43-9.62) while parity (aOR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.04-1.46) predicted HBV infection and syphilis positive results (aOR: 8.63, 95%CI: 2.81-26.45) predicted HIV infection. CONCLUSION A significant proportion of pregnant women in rural areas of Mwanza region has at least one sexually transmitted viral infection which is independently predicted by positive T. pallidum serostatus. The strengthening and expansion of ANC screening package to include screening of STIs will ultimately reduce the viral STIs among pregnant women hence reduce associated morbidities and mortalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Ng'wamkai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bugando Medical Centre, P.O. Box 370, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Kalista V Msigwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Damas Chengula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Frank Mgaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Clotilda Chuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bugando Medical Centre, P.O. Box 370, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Betrand Msemwa
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Vitus Silago
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Mtebe Majigo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Mariam M Mirambo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Banong-le M, Ofosu SK, Anto F. Factors associated with syphilis infection: a cross-sectional survey among outpatients in Asikuma Odoben Brakwa District, Ghana. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:360. [PMID: 31035953 PMCID: PMC6489217 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The disease affects all ages and both sexes but more prevalent among the sexually active age group of 15–49 years. The purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with syphilis infection among outpatients 15–49 years in the Asikuma Odoben Brakwa District of Ghana where high levels of infection were earlier reported among antenatal women. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 13 randomly selected health facilities. Blood samples were collected and tested for syphilis infection and a questionnaire administered to determine factors associated with the disease. Results A total 277 patients aged 15–49 years participated in the study. The overall prevalence of syphilis infection was 3.2% (9/277), with 5.7% (6/105) and 1.7% (3/172) among males and females respectively. Significant factors associated with syphilis infection included sub-district of residence, (χ2 (4) = 31.20, p < 0.001) and history of coerced sexual intercourse (χ2 (1) =7.49, p = 0.006). Conclusions The prevalence of syphilis infection was high among male patients who lived in rural areas. Having a history of coerced sexual intercourse was a strong predictor for syphilis infection. Access to sexually transmitted infection control interventions in rural communities including health education may help control the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-3967-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Banong-le
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Ministry of Health, College of Nursing and Midwifery, Nalerigu, Northern Region, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kwabena Ofosu
- District Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Breman Asikuma, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Francis Anto
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prevalence of Active Syphilis Infection and Risk Factors among HIV-Positive MSM in Zhejiang, China in 2015: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091507. [PMID: 31035429 PMCID: PMC6539918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of active syphilis infection and explore the risk factors for active syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who had sex with men (MSM) in Zhejiang Province, 2015. Design: Data on HIV-positive MSM living in Zhejiang Province were obtained from the National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS) reporting system and the Zhejiang provincial AIDS/STD surveillance system between June and December 2015. The information included risky behavior, years with diagnosed HIV, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). SPSS 19.0 was used for the data analysis. Results: The analysis included 3616 MSM. Of these, 11.3% (407/3616) had active syphilis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that HAART was significantly associated with an increased risk of active syphilis infection (odds ratio (OR) = 1.760, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.187–2.611). Compared with participants diagnosed with HIV for <2 years, patients diagnosed with HIV for >5 years had a higher risk of active syphilis infection (OR = 1.707, 95% CI 1.167–2.495). Age and number of sex partners were also independent risk factors for active syphilis infection. Conclusions: The incidence of active syphilis infection is high among HIV-positive MSM in Zhejiang Province; age, number of sex partners, years with diagnosed HIV, and receiving HAART were risk factors. Patients who are elderly, have lived with HIV for a longer period, have more sex partners, and receive HAART should be the focus of interventions to promote changes in behavior and decrease syphilis infection.
Collapse
|
8
|
Biadgo B, Hassen A, Getaneh M, Tesfa H, Jaleta KN, Eshetu T, Kasew D, Melku M. Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic of Gondar family guidance association, Northwest Ethiopia: implication for prevention of mother to child transmission. Reprod Health 2019; 16:27. [PMID: 30832694 PMCID: PMC6399918 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-019-0691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexually transmitted infections constitute a major public health problem worldwide. Syphilis and HIV infections cause various adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HIV and syphilis infections among pregnant women at Gondar Family Guidance Association clinic, northwest Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective study was conducted using sociodemographic and laboratory data obtained from registration books of Gondar Family Guidance Association clinic from January 2011 to April 2015. A binary logistic regression model was fit to identify factors associated with HIV and syphilis infections. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the strength of association between factors associated with HIV and syphilis infections. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 3504 pregnant women were included in the study from January 2011 to April 2015. The seroprevalence of HIV, and syphilis were 145 (4.1%) and 66(1.9%), respectively. Twenty-three (0.66%) women were co-infected. Age group 20–29 years (AOR: 3.86; 95% CI: 1.36–10.89), age group ≥30 years (AOR: 6.08; 95% CI: 2.04–18.14) compared to age < 20 year, and HIV-infection (AOR: 14.6; 95% CI: 8.49–25.18) were significantly associated with syphilis infection. There was a decline in trend seroprevalence of HIV from 5.2% in 2011 to 2.1% in 2015; and decline in syphilis seroprevalence from 2.6% in 2011 to 1.6% in 2015 but not statistically significant. Conclusion The data showed that syphilis and HIV infections are still critical public health concerns among pregnant women. Screening of all pregnant women for these infections is valuable. Further community-based studies to identify risk factors are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belete Biadgo
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Ahmed Hassen
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekuriaw Getaneh
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtie Tesfa
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kefyalew N Jaleta
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tegegne Eshetu
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Kasew
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Melku
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bisseye C, Eko Mba JM, Ntsame Ndong JM, Kosiorek HE, Butterfield RJ, Mombo LE, M'batchi B, Borad MJ, Nagalo BM, Allain JP. Decline in the seroprevalence of syphilis markers among first-time blood donors in Libreville (Gabon) between 2004 and 2016. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:167. [PMID: 30736765 PMCID: PMC6368695 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Very few studies have been conducted on the seroprevalence of syphilis in Gabon. According to the World Health Organization, the average seroprevalence of syphilis has declined from 5.5 to 1.1% in Central Africa. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that syphilis decreased in Gabon between 2004 and 2016 and to identify factors involved in this pattern by testing a large sample of first-time blood donors in the capital Libreville. Methods The detection of Treponema pallidum was done using a Rapid Plasma Reagin test (RPR) and confirmed by an ELISA test using the Biorad Syphilis Total Antibody EIA II kit or BioMerieux Trepanostika TP recombinant. Assays were performed by dedicated technicians according to manufacturers’ recommendations and following the laboratory standard operating procedures. Test results were manually transferred into the laboratory Excel files and hand-written in the laboratory logbook for syphilis testing. Logistic regression was used to assess the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on syphilis marker seroprevalence in both univariate and multivariable analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results The seroprevalence of syphilis markers was 8.4% (95% CI = 7.9–8.9) in 2004 and 2.4% (95% CI = 2.1–2.7) in 2016. The difference was significant [OR = 3.78; 95% CI (3.26–4.38); P < 0.001]. The decrease in syphilis seroprevalence was significant in both women and men and in each age group in univariate analysis. In multivariable analysis, controlling for all sociodemographic factors, the decrease in syphilis seroprevalence from 2004 to 2016 remained significant (OR = 3.29; 95% CI = 2.88–3.88, P < 0.001). The seroprevalence of syphilis decreased significantly in men compared to women and young donors compared to donors aged ≥36 years. Conclusions This study shows a significant decline in syphilis seroprevalence in first-time blood donors in Libreville, Gabon. Government actions, including multiple HIV prevention activities, are a likely part of this decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Bisseye
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), BP 943, Franceville, Gabon.
| | - Jean-Marie Eko Mba
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), BP 943, Franceville, Gabon.,Centre National de Transfusion sanguine (CNTS), BP 13895, Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Heidi E Kosiorek
- Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | - Landry Erik Mombo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), BP 943, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Bertrand M'batchi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), BP 943, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Bolni Marius Nagalo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), BP 943, Franceville, Gabon.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Here we wanted to assess whether sexual risk behaviour differs dependent by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status by following 100 HIV− and 137 HIV+ women recruited at two university teaching hospitals in Rwanda. Women were tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs; trichomoniasis, syphilis, hepatitis B and C) and for reproductive tract infections (RTIs; candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis (BV)) and were interviewed at baseline and 9 months later. BV was the most prevalent infection, while syphilis was the most common STI with a 9-month incidence of 10.9% in HIV+ women. Only 24.5% of women positive for any RTI/STI contacted their health facility and got treatment. More HIV− women than HIV+ women had had more than one sexual partner and never used condoms during the follow-up period. The use of condoms was affected neither by marital status nor by concomitant STIs besides HIV. Our data highlight the importance of public education regarding condom use to protect against STIs in an era when HIV no longer is a death sentence.
Collapse
|