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Antabe R, Sano Y, Amoak D, Anfaara FW, Braimah J. Factors Associated with the Uptake of HIV Testing in Canada: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Study. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 39:534-547. [PMID: 38801320 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2359463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we explore the factors associated with the uptake of HIV testing at the national level in Canada. Using the 2015-16 Canadian Community Health Survey and applying logistic regression analysis, we examine the associations between HIV testing and factors identified by the Andersen's behavioral model of healthcare utilization. We find that a range of predisposing, enabling, and need factors are significantly associated with HIV testing. For example, compared to the oldest respondents (i.e. 55-64), their younger counterparts (i.e. 45-54, 35-44, and 25-34) are more likely to have been tested for HIV. Compared to those in Atlantic Canada, respondents in Quebec (OR = 1.96, p < .001), Ontario (OR = 1.44, p < .001), Prairies (OR = 1.37, p < .001), British Columbia (OR = 1.99, p < .001), and the Territories (OR = 2.22, p < .001) are all more likely to have been tested for HIV. Based on these findings, we provide several important suggestions for policymakers and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Antabe
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yujiro Sano
- Department of Sociology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Amoak
- Department of Geography and Environment, Social Science Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Florence W Anfaara
- Department of Gender, Sexuality, and Women's Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Braimah
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Patel D, Clark HA, Williams WO, Taylor-Aidoo N, Wright C. CDC-Funded HIV Testing Services Outcomes and Social Determinants of Health in Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. Jurisdictions. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:1152-1165. [PMID: 37479920 PMCID: PMC10799961 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
We performed an ecological analysis to examine associations between CDC-funded HIV testing services outcomes and social determinants of health (SDOH) among Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. jurisdictions. Using National HIV Prevention Program Monitoring & Evaluation (2020) and American Community Survey (2016-2020) data, we ran robust Poisson models (adjusted for race/ethnicity). In healthcare settings, a 10% absolute increase in percentage without health insurance was associated with a 40% lower prevalence of newly diagnosed positivity (aPR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43-0.83); a $5,000 increase in median household income (aPR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03-1.06) and a 10% absolute increase in percentage unemployed (aPR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.31-2.46) were associated with 4% and 80%, respectively, higher prevalence of percentage linked to HIV medical care within 30 days of diagnosis (i.e., linkage). In non-healthcare settings, a 10% absolute increase in percentage with less than high school diploma (aPR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29-0.96) was associated with a 47% lower prevalence of newly diagnosed positivity, whereas a 10% absolute increase in percentage without health insurance (aPR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.29-2.88) was associated with a 92% higher prevalence of newly diagnosed positivity; a 10% absolute increase in percentage with less than high school diploma was associated with a 35% lower prevalence of linkage (aPR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.97). Addressing SDOH in HIV prevention programs will play an important role in ending the HIV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deesha Patel
- Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS H24-5, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Hollie A Clark
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Weston O Williams
- Public Health Analytic Consulting Services, Inc, Hillsborough, NC, USA
| | - Nicole Taylor-Aidoo
- Keymind, A Division of Axiom Resource Management, Inc, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Carolyn Wright
- Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS H24-5, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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Cardenas MC, Farnan S, Hamel BL, Mejia Plazas MC, Sintim-Aboagye E, Littlefield DR, Behl S, Punia S, Enninga EAL, Johnson E, Temesgen Z, Theiler R, Gray CM, Chakraborty R. Prevention of the Vertical Transmission of HIV; A Recap of the Journey so Far. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040849. [PMID: 37112830 PMCID: PMC10142818 DOI: 10.3390/v15040849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1989, one in four (25%) infants born to women living with HIV were infected; by the age of 2 years, there was 25% mortality among them due to HIV. These and other pieces of data prompted the development of interventions to offset vertical transmission, including the landmark Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trial Group Study (PACTG 076) in 1994. This study reported a 67.5% reduction in perinatal HIV transmission with prophylactic antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal zidovudine. Numerous studies since then have provided compelling evidence to further optimize interventions, such that annual transmission rates of 0% are now reported by many health departments in the US and elimination has been validated in several countries around the world. Despite this success, the elimination of HIV’s vertical transmission on the global scale remains a work in progress, limited by socioeconomic factors such as the prohibitive cost of antiretrovirals. Here, we review some of the key trials underpinning the development of guidelines in the US as well as globally, and discuss the evidence through a historic lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Cardenas
- Pediatric Residency Program, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sheila Farnan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Hamel
- Pediatric Residency Program, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maria Camila Mejia Plazas
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Pediatric Residency Program, Nicklaus Children’s Hospital, 3100 SW 62nd Ave, Miami, FL 33155, USA
| | - Elise Sintim-Aboagye
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dawn R. Littlefield
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Supriya Behl
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sohan Punia
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ann L Enninga
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 33155, USA
| | - Erica Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Zelalem Temesgen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Regan Theiler
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 33155, USA
| | - Clive M. Gray
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7600, South Africa
| | - Rana Chakraborty
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-507-293-9531
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Nwangwu-Ike N, Kapaya M, Oladapo K, DAngelo DV. HIV testing during pregnancy among women with a recent live birth-Seven US States, 2016-2019. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231199571. [PMID: 37750418 PMCID: PMC10521265 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231199571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the United States has made progress in reducing the transmission of HIV from mother-to-child, it has not yet met the goal of reducing such transmissions to 70%. Self-reported HIV testing varied by state of residence. Approximately, two in three women reported that their health care provider asked them about HIV testing during prenatal care, and 82.3% of those asked reported receipt of a test. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was (1) to examine the prevalence of receipt of an HIV test during pregnancy and (2) to examine differences in HIV testing during pregnancy by race/ethnicity, state of residence, and other sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN Population-based surveillance of women with a recent live birth from seven US states. Individuals were sampled from birth certificate records 2-6 months postpartum and surveyed about their behaviors and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. METHODS Data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a large, population-based survey, were used to estimate the prevalence of HIV testing during pregnancy during 2016-2019. Weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated overall and by demographic and other selected characteristics. RESULTS Approximately two-thirds of women (66.1%) self-reported having a test for HIV during pregnancy. Prevalence varied by maternal characteristics and was highest among women who were non-Hispanic Black (80.7%) and among women who were aged ⩽ 24 years, had a high school education or less, were unmarried, or had Medicaid or no insurance for prenatal care (each > 70%). Self-reported HIV testing varied by state of residence. Approximately two in three women reported that their health care provider asked them about HIV testing during prenatal care, and 82.3% of those asked reported receipt of a test. CONCLUSION About one in three Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System respondents did not report an HIV test during pregnancy. Health care providers can help educate pregnant patients about the importance of HIV testing and ensure universal testing to help identify individuals needing treatment and reduce the rates of mother-to-child HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndidi Nwangwu-Ike
- HIV Surveillance Branch, Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martha Kapaya
- Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Keydra Oladapo
- HIV Surveillance Branch, Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Denise V DAngelo
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Chen Y, He J, Wang M. A hybrid of long short-term memory neural network and autoregressive integrated moving average model in forecasting HIV incidence and morality of post-neonatal population in East Asia: global burden of diseases 2000-2019. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1938. [PMID: 36261815 PMCID: PMC9580197 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To forecast the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence and mortality of post-neonatal population in East Asia including North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, Japan and China Mainland and Taiwan province. Methods The data on the incidence and mortality of HIV in post-neonatal population from East Asia were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD). The morbidity and mortality of post-neonatal HIV population from GBD 2000 to GBD 2013 were applied as the training set and the morbidity and mortality from GBD 2014 to GBD 2019 were used as the testing set. The hybrid of ARIMA and LSTM model was used to construct the model for assessing the morbidity and mortality in the countries and territories of East Asia, and predicting the morbidity and mortality in the next 5 years. Results In North Korea, the incidence and mortality of HIV showed a rapid increase during 2000–2010 and a gradual decrease during 2010–2019. The incidence of HIV was predicted to be increased and the mortality was decreased. In South Korea, the incidence was increased during 2000–2010 and decreased during 2010–2019, while the mortality showed fluctuant trend. As predicted, the incidence of HIV in South Korea might be increased and the mortality might be decreased during 2020–2025. In Mongolia, the incidence and mortality were slowly decreased during 2000–2005, increased during 2005–2015, and rapidly decreased till 2019. The predicted incidence and mortality of HIV showed a decreased trend. As for Japan, the incidence of HIV was rapidly increased till 2010 and then decreased till 2015. The predicted incidence of HIV in Japan was gradually increased. The mortality of HIV in Japan was fluctuant during 2000–2019 and was slowly decreased as predicted. The incidence and mortality of HIV in Taiwan during 2000–2019 was increased on the whole. The predicted incidence of HIV during was stationary and the mortality was decreased. In terms of China Mainland, the incidence and mortality of HIV was fluctuant during 2000–2019. The predicted incidence of HIV in China Mainland was stationary while the mortality was rapidly decreased. Conclusion On the whole, the incidence of HIV combined with other diseases in post-neonatal population was increased before 2010 and then decreased during 2010–2019 while the mortality of those patients was decreased in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Respiratory Medicine Department, XiXi Hospital of HangZhou (Affiliated HangZhou XiXi Hospital, Zhe Jiang University School of Medicine), No.2 Hengbu Road, Liuxia Street, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiawen He
- Respiratory Medicine Department, XiXi Hospital of HangZhou (Affiliated HangZhou XiXi Hospital, Zhe Jiang University School of Medicine), No.2 Hengbu Road, Liuxia Street, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meihua Wang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, XiXi Hospital of HangZhou (Affiliated HangZhou XiXi Hospital, Zhe Jiang University School of Medicine), No.2 Hengbu Road, Liuxia Street, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Sharma SK, Vishwakarma D. Socioeconomic inequalities in the HIV testing during antenatal care: evidence from Indian demographic health survey, 2015–16. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:979. [PMID: 35570285 PMCID: PMC9107761 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In India, there is currently a lack of data on socioeconomic inequalities in HIV testing on a national scale; thus, understanding socioeconomic inequalities in response to expanded HIV testing is critical for assessing and ensuring equity of HIV programmes in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals. The specific objective of the study was to determine the factor associated with HIV testing during antenatal care and assess the socio-economic inequalities in HIV testing during antenatal care (ANC) among Indian women aged 15–49 years with a live birth in the two years preceding the survey.
Methods
The results drawn from the state module of women data file of fourth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015–16), considering HIV testing during antenatal care among women aged 15–49 who gave live birth in the two years preceding the survey and received the result of HIV test as a matter of fact. Method, such as, descriptive statistics, binary ogistic regression, concentration index were used in the analysis.
Results
The findings of the study show that HIV testing during antenatal care was low (30%) among women in India. Our findings reveal that there were significant inequalities exist in HIV testing during ANC between richer and poorer quintile of women. Education, place of residence, comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS, and regular exposure of mass media were substantially contributing to socioeconomic inequality in HIV testing during ANC among women in India.
Conclusions
The socioeconomic inequities in HIV testing during pregnancy should be monitored and addressed in order to ensure an equitable distribution of the benefits specially among children and accomplishments of HIV programs in India.
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