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Queiroz JHFDS, Barbosa MDS, Perez EVDO, da Silva BO, de Souza GHDA, Gonçalves CCM, Croda J, Simionatto S. Seroprevalence of Treponema pallidum infection among high-risk populations from Brazil. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107255. [PMID: 38761835 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Syphilis is a significant public health concern worldwide. According to the 2020 estimates, nearly 7.1 million new cases of syphilis have been reported globally, with over 30 % of these cases reported from American nations, particularly Brazil. Concerns have been raised regarding the susceptibility of specific groups to syphilis due to challenges and vulnerabilities that place these groups at a higher risk of infections or complications in the treatment outcomes. The present study aimed to compare the seroprevalence and the factors associated with syphilis among such high-risk groups. The study was designed as a cross-sectional one and was conducted with pregnant women, people living with HIV (PLHIV), people living with tuberculosis (PLTB), indigenous and healthy populations in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The study was conducted between June 2019 and August 2022, during which the included patients were subjected to treponemal and non-treponemal serological assays. The study also included a survey conducted through a self-reported questionnaire to collect information regarding the participants' demographics and sexual behaviors. A total of 550 samples were collected, with 110 participants in each of the five groups. The results of the study revealed that the seroprevalence of Treponema pallidum infection in pregnant women, PLHIV, PLTB, indigenous and healthy populations of the study region was 10 % (n = 11/110), 41.81 % (n = 46/110), 17.27 % (n = 19/110), 5.45 % (n = 6/110), and 8.18 % (n = 9/110), respectively. Homosexual orientation (p = 0.04) and a history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) (p = 0.01) were associated with the seroprevalence of T. pallidum infection in PLHIV. However, no such associations were noted in the remaining four groups. The seroprevalence of T. pallidum infection was observed to vary significantly among the different high-risk groups, which highlighted the persistent concern of syphilis, particularly among vulnerable populations. These findings underscore the significance of focused interventions and public health strategies customized to the specific requirements of each of the groups evaluated in the present study to decrease the number of cases of syphilis and thereby prevent future complications in patients with other serious infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Dos Santos Barbosa
- Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Oliveira da Silva
- Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Julio Croda
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campo Grande, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Simone Simionatto
- Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Bowring N, Russell-Bennett R. The rules of mature sex: Sexual scripts and the global challenge of rising STIs. Health Mark Q 2024; 41:167-191. [PMID: 37811812 DOI: 10.1080/07359683.2023.2261799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Sexual health continues to be a socially complex problem globally with rising rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) despite extensive government and health marketing initiatives. In particular, STIs are rising at a greater rate in mature consumers than any other age group with the main reason cited as lack of condom use. The rules around condom use are based on sexual scripts or internalised guidelines and thus a key step in developing social marketing initiatives to increase condom use and address this global challenge is identifying the sexual scripts that motivate and inhibit condom use by mature consumers. Using sexual script theory, this research involves interviews with 24 mature single heterosexual Australian consumers to identify the sexual scripts that can be leveraged in health marketing to address the grand challenge of increasing mature consumer participation in protective sexual health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bowring
- Training Centre for Behavioural Insights for Technology Adoption (BITA), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rebekah Russell-Bennett
- Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology (BEST), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Lee SH, Lee JE, Lee SO, Lee S, Ko WS, Kim HH, Shin KH, Kang JS, Son H. Temporal Trends in Syphilis Incidence among Men with HIV in Busan, Korea, 2005-2022: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2024; 16:265. [PMID: 38400040 PMCID: PMC10892186 DOI: 10.3390/v16020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the temporal trends of incident syphilis and its associated risk factors among men with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of men with HIV attending an HIV clinic in Korea between 2005 and 2022. Of 767 men with HIV, 499 were included and contributed 3220 person-years (PY) of the observation period. Eighty-two patients were diagnosed with incident syphilis, with an overall incidence of 2.55/100 PY (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.56-31.53). The incidence of syphilis per 100 PY gradually decreased from 2.43 (0.79-7.42) in 2005-2007 to 1.85 (1.08-3.17) in 2014-2016; however, it increased to 3.0 (1.99-4.53) in 2017-2019, and further to 3.33 (2.26-4.89) in 2020-2022. A multivariate analysis identified young age (≤30 years versus >50, adjusted HR 6.27, 95% CI 2.38-16.56, p < 0.001), treponemal test positive at baseline (2.33, 1.48-3.67, p < 0.001), men who have sex with men (2.36, 1.34-4.16, p = 0.003), and history of incarceration (2.62, 1.21-5.67, p = 0.015) as risk factors for incident syphilis. Recently, syphilis incidence in men with HIV has increased in Korea, especially in young patients and at-risk groups, highlighting the need for enhanced regular screening and targeted behavioral interventions among these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; (S.H.L.); (J.E.L.); (S.O.L.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; (S.H.L.); (J.E.L.); (S.O.L.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Soon Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; (S.H.L.); (J.E.L.); (S.O.L.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Shinwon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; (S.H.L.); (J.E.L.); (S.O.L.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Woo Seog Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; (S.H.L.); (J.E.L.); (S.O.L.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Hyung-Hoi Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; (H.-H.K.); (K.-H.S.)
- Biomedical Informatics Unit, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; (H.-H.K.); (K.-H.S.)
| | - Jin Suk Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyunjin Son
- Department of Prevention Medicine, Donga University School of Medicine, Donga University Hospital, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea;
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Chen T, Wan B, Wang M, Lin S, Wu Y, Huang J. Evaluating the global, regional, and national impact of syphilis: results from the global burden of disease study 2019. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11386. [PMID: 37452074 PMCID: PMC10349077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Syphilis is a global public health concern. This study aimed to assess the global and regional burden of syphilis from 1990 to 2019. Disease burden was evaluated using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and prevalence. Data were extracted from the 2019 global burden of disease Study, an open database available for download. Age-standardized rates (ASR) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to evaluate the syphilis burden over time. In 2019, the total number of prevalent cases of syphilis was 49.71 million worldwide. The ASR of prevalence was stable from 1990 to 2019 with an EAPC of 0.00 (95% CI - 0.10-0.11). The number of DALYs caused by syphilis was 7.36 million in 2019, reflecting a reduction of 16.38% compared with that in 1990 (8.80 million). The ASR of DALYs exhibited a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019 (EAPC = - 1.01; 95% CI - 1.19 to - 0.84), with the highest rates observed in the younger age group (< 14 years old). In 2019, the highest ASR of DALYs was found in low sociodemographic index (SDI) regions (239.21/100,000), and the lowest in high SDI regions (3.14/100,000). Generally, the ASR of DALYs decreased as the SDI increased. The top three countries with the highest ASR of DALYs for syphilis were the Solomon Islands, Equatorial Guinea, and Liberia. While the global prevalence of syphilis remained persistently high from 1990 to 2019, there has been a recent decrease in the ASR of DALYs. Increased attention should be dedicated to younger populations and regions characterized by low SDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bo Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mingfang Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Hepatology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Liver and Intestinal Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Su Lin
- Department of Hepatology, Hepatology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Liver and Intestinal Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yinlian Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Hepatology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Liver and Intestinal Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaofeng Huang
- Department of Hepatology, Hepatology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Liver and Intestinal Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Hopkins M, Gupta S, Erickson LA. Perianal Treponema pallidum. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:807-809. [PMID: 37137650 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hopkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sounak Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lori A Erickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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