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Hasan-Aslih S, Idan O, Willer R, Halperin E. Disadvantaged group members are prouder of their group when using the language of the dominant group compared to their native language. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307736120. [PMID: 38147544 PMCID: PMC10769828 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307736120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In ethnically and linguistically diverse societies, disadvantaged groups often face pressures to acquire and speak the advantaged group's language to achieve social inclusion and economic mobility. This work investigates how using the advantaged group's language affects disadvantaged group members' in-group pride and collective self-esteem, relative to using their native language. Across six experimental studies involving Palestinian citizens of Israel (total N = 1,348), we test two competing hypotheses: Disadvantaged group members may experience greater in-group pride when using a) their native language, due to its emotional significance (the nativity hypothesis), or b) the language of the advantaged group, due to activation of habituated compensatory responses to dominance relations (the identity enhancement hypothesis). We found that respondents reported significantly higher in-group pride when responding to a Hebrew survey when compared to performing the same activity in Arabic (Studies 1a and 1b), regardless of whether the researchers administering the survey were identified as Jewish or Arab (Studies 2a and 2b). Study 3 replicated this effect while employing the "bogus pipeline" technique, suggesting the pride expression was authentic, not merely driven by social desirability. Finally, Study 4 (pre-registered) examined additional measures of positive regard for the in-group, finding that participants described their group more positively in an attribute selection task, and reported greater collective self-esteem, when surveyed in Hebrew, rather than in Arabic. Taken together, these findings suggest that language use influences disadvantaged group members' perceptions and feelings concerning their group when those languages are associated with relative position in an intergroup hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orly Idan
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University (IDC Herzliya),Herzliya4610101, Israel
| | - Robb Willer
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Eran Halperin
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University,Jerusalem9190501, Israel
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Hakim N, Abi-Ghannam G, Saab R, Albzour M, Zebian Y, Adams G. Turning the lens in the study of precarity: On experimental social psychology's acquiescence to the settler-colonial status quo in historic Palestine. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 62 Suppl 1:21-38. [PMID: 36349815 PMCID: PMC10099254 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the coloniality infused within the conduct and third reporting of experimental research in what is commonly referred to as the 'Israeli-Palestinian conflict'. Informed by a settler colonial framework and decolonial theory, our review measured the appearance of sociopolitical terms and critically analysed the reconciliation measures. We found that papers were three times more likely to describe the context through the framework of intractable conflict compared to occupation. Power asymmetry was often acknowledged and then flattened via, for instance, adjacent mentions of Israeli and Palestinian physical violence. Two-thirds of the dependent variables were not related to material claims (e.g. land, settlements, or Palestinian refugees) but rather to the feelings and attitudes of Jewish Israelis and Palestinians. Of the dependent measures that did consider material issues, they nearly universally privileged conditions of the two-state solution and compromises on refugees' right of return that would violate international law. The majority of the studies sampled Jewish-Israeli participants exclusively, and the majority of authors were affiliated with Israeli institutions. We argue that for social psychology to offer insights that coincide with the decolonization of historic Palestine, the discipline will have to begin by contextualizing its research within the material conditions and history that socially stratify the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Hakim
- Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Rim Saab
- University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Yara Zebian
- American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Moran T, Eyal T. Emotion Regulation by Psychological Distance and Level of Abstraction: Two Meta-Analyses. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022; 26:112-159. [PMID: 35100904 DOI: 10.1177/10888683211069025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-reflection is suggested to attenuate feelings, yet researchers disagree on whether adopting a distant or near perspective, or processing the experience abstractly or concretely, is more effective. Given the relationship between psychological distance and level of abstraction, we suggest the "construal-matching hypothesis": Psychological distance and abstraction differently influence emotion intensity, depending on whether the emotion's appraisal involves low-level or high-level construal. Two meta-analyses tested the effects of psychological distance (k = 230) and level-of-abstraction (k = 98) manipulations on emotional experience. A distant perspective attenuated emotional experience (g = 0.52) but with weaker effects for high-level (g = 0.29; for example, self-conscious emotions) than low-level emotions (g= 0.64; for example, basic emotions). Level of abstraction only attenuated the experience of low-level emotions (g = 0.2) and showed a reverse (nonsignificant) effect for high-level emotions (g = -0.13). These results highlight differences between distancing and level-of-abstraction manipulations and the importance of considering the type of emotion experienced in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Moran
- The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel.,Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Tal Eyal
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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Formanowicz M, Pietraszkiewicz A, Roessel J, Suitner C, Witkowska M, Maass A. “Make it Happen!”. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Verbs may be attributed to higher agency than other grammatical categories. In Study 1, we confirmed this hypothesis with archival datasets comprising verbs ( N = 950) and adjectives ( N = 2115). We then investigated whether verbs (vs. adjectives) increase message effectiveness. In three experiments presenting potential NGOs (Studies 2 and 3) or corporate campaigns (Study 4) in verb or adjective form, we demonstrate the hypothesized relationship. Across studies, (overall N = 721) grammatical agency consistently increased message effectiveness. Semantic agency varied across contexts by either increasing (Study 2), not affecting (Study 3), or decreasing (Study 4) the effectiveness of the message. Overall, experiments provide insights in to the meta-semantic effects of verbs – demonstrating how grammar may influence communication outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Formanowicz
- Center for Research on Social Relations, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
- School of Psychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | | | - Janin Roessel
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Mannheim, Germany
| | - Caterina Suitner
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Witkowska
- Center for Research on Social Relations, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
- School of Psychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Anne Maass
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Italy
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Oades LG, Jarden A, Hou H, Ozturk C, Williams P, R. Slemp G, Huang L. Wellbeing Literacy: A Capability Model for Wellbeing Science and Practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E719. [PMID: 33467630 PMCID: PMC7829945 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wellbeing science is the scientific investigation of wellbeing, its' antecedents and consequences. Alongside growth of wellbeing science is significant interest in wellbeing interventions at individual, organizational and population levels, including measurement of national accounts of wellbeing. In this concept paper, we propose the capability model of wellbeing literacy as a new model for wellbeing science and practice. Wellbeing literacy is defined as a capability to comprehend and compose wellbeing language, across contexts, with the intention of using such language to maintain or improve the wellbeing of oneself, others or the world. Wellbeing literacy is underpinned by a capability model (i.e., what someone is able to be and do), and is based on constructivist (i.e., language shapes reality) and contextualist (i.e., words have different meanings in different contexts) epistemologies. The proposed capability model of wellbeing literacy adds to wellbeing science by providing a tangible way to assess mechanisms learned from wellbeing interventions. Moreover, it provides a framework for practitioners to understand and plan wellbeing communications. Workplaces and families as examples are discussed as relevant contexts for application of wellbeing literacy, and future directions for wellbeing literacy research are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Jarden
- Centre for Positive Psychology, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.G.O.); (H.H.); (C.O.); (P.W.); (G.R.S.); (L.H.)
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Formanowicz M. Verb Intergroup Bias: Verbs Are Used More Often in Reference to In-Groups than Out-Groups. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550619893957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agency is a basic dimension of evaluations of social groups. More agency is assigned to in-groups than to out-groups, and verb intergroup bias (VIB) captures this tendency in language use. Four studies that performed large-scale quantitative analysis of natural language use, which covered more than 200 billion words, 20 countries, and various time spans, support the VIB model. Verbs, which are prototypically associated with actions, serve as agency indicators, and thus generic in-groups are more often described with verbs ( we vs. they). Moreover, VIB is present in specific between-group comparisons: for Americans as an in-group reference and various out-groups (e.g., Mexicans, Russians, and Palestinians), as well as for Americans, Canadians, Britons, and Australians as in-group references and immigrants as a generic out-group. VIB is a useful tool in diagnosing intergroup discourses. Furthermore, VIB attests to the importance of analyzing language’s role in the formation and maintenance of social biases.
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Benschop N, Hilhorst CAR, Nuijten ALP, Keil M. Detection of early warning signals for overruns in IS projects: linguistic analysis of business case language. EUR J INFORM SYST 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0960085x.2020.1742587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Benschop
- Erasmus School of Accounting & Assurance, Erasmus University Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cokky A. R. Hilhorst
- Accounting, Auditing and Control, Nyenrode Business University , Breukelen, The Netherlands
| | - Arno L. P. Nuijten
- Erasmus School of Accounting & Assurance, Erasmus University Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Information Systems, Open University , Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Keil
- Department of Computer Information Systems. J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA, USA
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Maaravi Y, Idan O, Hochman G. And sympathy is what we need my friend-Polite requests improve negotiation results. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212306. [PMID: 30865655 PMCID: PMC6415778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The wording negotiators use shapes the emotions of their counterparts. These emotions, in turn, influence their counterparts' economic decisions. Building on this rationale, we examined how the language used during negotiation affects discount rate and willingness to engage in future deals. In three studies, participants assumed the role of retailers. Alleged counterparts (actually a computerized program) asked for a discount under three conditions: request, want, and demand. Results show that less extreme language (request/want) resulted in better outcomes than demanding a discount. Moreover, while the language used by the customer had an effect on experienced emotions, the positive emotions (sympathy and empathy) participants felt toward the customer mediated the relationship between the linguistic cue and the negotiation outcome. Our results inform both psycholinguistic research and negotiation research by demonstrating the causal role of linguistic cues in activating concept-knowledge relevant to different emotional experiences, and point to the down-the-line impact on shaping negotiation preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Maaravi
- The Adelson School of Entrepreneurship, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Orly Idan
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Guy Hochman
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
- * E-mail:
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