Effect of Lignocaine on IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in Peritoneal Macrophages and Endometriotic Stromal Cells

OBJECTIVE

The objective was to evaluate the effect of lignocaine on cytokine expression and secretion in vitro in peritoneal fluid macrophages and endometriotic stromal cells.

DESIGN

Experimental in vitro study on human cells.

POPULATION AND SAMPLE

Peritoneal fluid (n = 10) and samples from endometriotic cysts (n = 7) were collected from 13 women (women with endometriosis n = 8, and healthy controls n = 5) during surgery for clinical reasons.

METHODS

Macrophages from the peritoneal fluid and cells from the inside of the endometriotic cysts capsules were isolated and cultivated for 24 to 48 hours in medium with and without the supplement of lignocaine 0.1 or 1.0 mg/mL. Relative gene expression of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8 was evaluated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared between treated and untreated cells with Wilcoxon matched pairs. The concentrations of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were compared between treated and untreated cells with Wilcoxon matched pairs.

RESULTS

The gene expression and protein secretion of IL-8 in endometriotic stromal cells after incubation with lignocaine 0.1 mg/mL were significantly decreased after 24 hours compared to the controls ( P = .028 and P = .018). Macrophages from healthy controls had a significant lower gene expression of all tested cytokines ( P = .043) after treatment with lignocaine, but there were no significant differences in protein level. Macrophages from women with endometriosis showed diverging results since 3 of 5 samples showed increased gene expression of 1 (n = 2) or 2 cytokines (n = 1) after lignocaine treatment.

CONCLUSION

Lignocaine can affect the gene expression and secretion of some proinflammatory cytokines in vitro.

Minding the calcium store: Ryanodine receptor activation as a convergent mechanism of PCB toxicity

Chronic low-level polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures remain a significant public health concern since results from epidemiological studies indicate that PCB burden is associated with immune system dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and impairment of the developing nervous system. Of these various adverse health effects, developmental neurotoxicity has emerged as a particularly vulnerable endpoint in PCB toxicity. Arguably the most pervasive biological effects of PCBs could be mediated by their ability to alter the spatial and temporal fidelity of Ca2+ signals through one or more receptor-mediated processes. This review will focus on our current knowledge of the structure and function of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in muscle and nerve cells and how PCBs and related non-coplanar structures alter these functions. The molecular and cellular mechanisms by which non-coplanar PCBs and related structures alter local and global Ca2+ signaling properties and the possible short and long-term consequences of these perturbations on neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration are reviewed.