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Ultrasensitive Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B with an AuNPs@MIL-101 Nanohybrid-Based Dual-Modal Aptasensor. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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2
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Liu Y, Song Z, Ge S, Zhang J, Xu L, Yang F, Lu D, Luo P, Gu J, Zou Q, Zeng H. Determining the immunological characteristics of a novel human monoclonal antibody developed against staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:1708-1718. [PMID: 32275466 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1744362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are the main cause of nosocomial infections globally. The exotoxin staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) produced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of pathology after a staphylococcal infection. We previously isolated an anti-SEB human monoclonal antibody designated as M0313. Here we further characterize this antibody in vitro and in vivo. Immunoblotting analysis and ELISA results indicated that M0313 accurately recognized and bound to SEB. Its binding affinity to native SEB was measured at the low nM level. M0313 effectively inhibited SEB from inducing mouse splenic lymphocyte and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and cytokine release in cell culture. M0313 also neutralized SEB toxicity in BALB/c female mice. Most importantly, M0313 promoted the survival of mice treated with SEB-expressing bacteria. In-vivo imaging revealed that M0313 treatment significantly reduced the replication of SEB-expressing bacteria in mice. The neutralization capacity of M0313 correlated with its ability to block SEB from binding to major histocompatibility complex II and T-cell receptor by binding to the SEB residues 85-102 and 90-92. Thus, the monoclonal antibody M0313 may be developed into a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhen Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, PR China.,Clinical Laboratory Department, Army 954th Hospital, General Hospital of Tibet Military Region , Tibet, PR China
| | - Shuang Ge
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, PR China
| | - Limin Xu
- Research and Development Department, Chengdu Olymvax Biotechnology Co., Ltd ., Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Feng Yang
- Research and Development Department, Chengdu Olymvax Biotechnology Co., Ltd ., Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dongshui Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ping Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiang Gu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, PR China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hao Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, PR China
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Juneja S, Bhattacharya J. Coffee ring effect assisted improved S. aureus screening on a physically restrained gold nanoflower enriched SERS substrate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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4
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Molecular alterations induced by Yersinia pestis, dengue virus and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B under severe stress. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:725-741. [PMID: 31100372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe stress can have drastic and systemic effects with dire implications on the health and wellbeing of exposed individuals. Particularly, the effect of stress on the immune response to infection is of interest to public health because of its implications for vaccine efficacy and treatment strategies during stressful scenarios. Severe stress has previously been shown to cause an anergic state in the immune system that persists following exposure to a potent mitogen. METHODS Transcriptome and microRNA changes were characterized using blood samples collected from U.S. Army Ranger candidates immediately before and after training, followed by exposure to representative pathogenic agents: Yersinia pestis, dengue virus 2, and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). We employed experimental and computational approaches to characterize altered gene expression, processes, pathways, and regulatory networks mediating the host's response towards severe stress; to assess the protective immunity status of the stressed host towards infection; and to identify pathogen-induced biomarkers under severe stress conditions. RESULTS We observed predicted inhibition of pathways significantly associated with lymphopoiesis, wound healing, inflammatory response, lymphocyte activation, apoptosis, and predicted activation of oxidative stress. Using weighted correlation network analyses, we demonstrated preservation of these pathways across infection and stress combinations. Regulatory networks comprising a common set of upstream regulators: transcription factors, microRNAs and post-translational regulators (kinases and phosphatases) may be drivers of molecular alterations leading to compromised protective immunity. Other sets of transcripts were persistently altered in both the pre- and post-stress conditions due to the host's response to each pathogenic agent, forming specific molecular signatures with the potential to distinguish infection from that of severe stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that severe stress alters molecules implicated in the development of leukopoietic stem cells, thereby leading to depletion of cellular and molecular repertoires of protective immunity. Suppressed molecules mediating membrane trafficking of recycling endosomes, membrane translocation and localization of the antigen processing mechanisms and cell adhesions indicate suboptimal antigen presentation, impaired formation of productive immunological synapses, and inhibited T-cell activations. These factors may collectively be responsible for compromised protective immunity (infection susceptibility, delayed wound healing, and poor vaccine response) observed in people under severe stress.
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Xu Y, Huo B, Li C, Peng Y, Tian S, Fan L, Bai J, Ning B, Gao Z. Ultrasensitive detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in foodstuff through dual signal amplification by bio-barcode and real-time PCR. Food Chem 2019; 283:338-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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6
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Xu Y, Huo B, Sun X, Ning B, Peng Y, Bai J, Gao Z. Rapid detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in milk samples based on fluorescence hybridization chain reaction amplification. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16024-16031. [PMID: 35542189 PMCID: PMC9080154 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01599f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid, simple, and sensitive method has been developed to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). To establish the hybridization chain reaction-based aptasensor, we described the new probes of two hairpins (H1 and H2), which were first designed based on the partial complementary sequence of the SEB aptamer (cDNA). The H1 labeled with a fluorophore and a quencher can act as a molecular fluorescence “switch”. Hence, in the presence of SEB, the aptamer binds SEB, while the unbound cDNA triggers HCR to carry out the cyclic hybridization of H1 and H2 so as to turn “ON” the fluorescence through forming long nicked DNA. By using this new strategy, SEB can be sensitively detected within the range of 3.13 ng mL−1 to 100 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.33 ng mL−1 (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the developed method could facilitate the detection of SEB effectively in milk samples. A new competitive aptasensor combined with HCR was developed for SEB detection.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Bingyang Huo
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Baoan Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine
- Academy of Military Medical Science
- Academy of Military Science
- Tianjin 300050
| | - Yuan Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine
- Academy of Military Medical Science
- Academy of Military Science
- Tianjin 300050
| | - Jialei Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine
- Academy of Military Medical Science
- Academy of Military Science
- Tianjin 300050
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine
- Academy of Military Medical Science
- Academy of Military Science
- Tianjin 300050
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7
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Carrera M, Böhme K, Gallardo JM, Barros-Velázquez J, Cañas B, Calo-Mata P. Characterization of Foodborne Strains of Staphylococcus aureus by Shotgun Proteomics: Functional Networks, Virulence Factors and Species-Specific Peptide Biomarkers. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2458. [PMID: 29312172 PMCID: PMC5732212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we applied a shotgun proteomics approach for the fast and easy characterization of 20 different foodborne strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), one of the most recognized foodborne pathogenic bacteria. A total of 644 non-redundant proteins were identified and analyzed via an easy and rapid protein sample preparation procedure. The results allowed the differentiation of several proteome datasets from the different strains (common, accessory, and unique datasets), which were used to determine relevant functional pathways and differentiate the strains into different Euclidean hierarchical clusters. Moreover, a predicted protein-protein interaction network of the foodborne S. aureus strains was created. The whole confidence network contains 77 nodes and 769 interactions. Most of the identified proteins were surface-associated proteins that were related to pathways and networks of energy, lipid metabolism and virulence. Twenty-seven virulence factors were identified, and most of them corresponded to autolysins, N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidases, phenol-soluble modulins, extracellular fibrinogen-binding proteins and virulence factor EsxA. Potential species-specific peptide biomarkers were screened. Twenty-one species-specific peptide biomarkers, belonging to eight different proteins (nickel-ABC transporter, N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase, autolysin, clumping factor A, gram-positive signal peptide YSIRK, cysteine protease/staphopain, transcriptional regulator MarR, and transcriptional regulator Sar-A), were proposed to identify S. aureus. These results constitute the first major dataset of peptides and proteins of foodborne S. aureus strains. This repository may be useful for further studies, for the development of new therapeutic treatments for S. aureus food intoxications and for microbial source-tracking in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Marine Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Karola Böhme
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - José M. Gallardo
- Department of Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Marine Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jorge Barros-Velázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Benito Cañas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Calo-Mata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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8
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Behzadi E, Hosseini HM, Halabian R, Fooladi AAI. Macrophage cell-derived exosomes/staphylococcal enterotoxin B against fibrosarcoma tumor. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:132-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Whitfield SJC, Taylor C, Risdall JE, Griffiths GD, Jones JTA, Williamson ED, Rijpkema S, Saraiva L, Vessillier S, Green AC, Carter AJ. Interference of the T Cell and Antigen-Presenting Cell Costimulatory Pathway Using CTLA4-Ig (Abatacept) Prevents Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Pathology. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3989-3998. [PMID: 28320831 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a bacterial superantigen that binds the receptors in the APC/T cell synapse and causes increased proliferation of T cells and a cytokine storm syndrome in vivo. Exposure to the toxin can be lethal and cause significant pathology in humans. The lack of effective therapies for SEB exposure remains an area of concern, particularly in scenarios of acute mass casualties. We hypothesized that blockade of the T cell costimulatory signal by the CTLA4-Ig synthetic protein (abatacept) could prevent SEB-dependent pathology. In this article, we demonstrate mice treated with a single dose of abatacept 8 h post SEB exposure had reduced pathology compared with control SEB-exposed mice. SEB-exposed mice showed significant reductions in body weight between days 4 and 9, whereas mice exposed to SEB and also treated with abatacept showed no weight loss for the duration of the study, suggesting therapeutic mitigation of SEB-induced morbidity. Histopathology and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that SEB mediated lung damage and edema, which were absent after treatment with abatacept. Analysis of plasma and lung tissues from SEB-exposed mice treated with abatacept demonstrated significantly lower levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ (p < 0.0001), which is likely to have resulted in less pathology. In addition, exposure of human and mouse PBMCs to SEB in vitro showed a significant reduction in levels of IL-2 (p < 0.0001) after treatment with abatacept, indicating that T cell proliferation is the main target for intervention. Our findings demonstrate that abatacept is a robust and potentially credible drug to prevent toxic effects from SEB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J C Whitfield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom;
| | - Chris Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jane E Risdall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom.,Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth D Griffiths
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - James T A Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Diane Williamson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sjoerd Rijpkema
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa Saraiva
- Division of Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sandrine Vessillier
- Division of Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, United Kingdom; and
| | - A Christopher Green
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alun J Carter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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10
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Stress-caused anergy of leukocytes towards Staphylococcal enterotoxin B and exposure transcriptome signatures. Genes Immun 2015; 16:330-46. [PMID: 26020283 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leucocytes from soldiers exposed to battlefield-like stress (RASP: Rangers Assessment and Selection Program) were exposed in vitro to Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). We assayed SEB-induced regulation of gene expression, both in the presence and absence of severe stress, to generate two sets of gene profiles. One set of transcripts and microRNAs were specific to post-RASP SEB exposure, and another set were signatures of SEB exposure common to both the pre- and post-RASP leucocytes. Pathways and upstream regulatory analyses indicated that the post-RASP SEB-signature transcripts were manifestation of the anergic state of post-RASP leucocytes. These were further verified using expression-based predictions of cellular processes and literature searches. Specificity of the second set of transcripts to SEB exposure was verified using machine-learning algorithms on our and four other (Gene Expression Omnibus) data sets. Cell adhesion, coagulation, hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated vascular leakage were SEB-specific pathways even under the background of severe stress. Hsa-miR-155-3p was the top SEB exposure predictor in our data set, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 was SEB specific in all the analyzed data sets. The SEB-signature transcripts (which also showed distinct expression signatures from Yersinia pestis and dengue virus) may serve as potential biomarkers of SEB exposure even under the background of stress.
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11
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Neutralization of staphylococcal enterotoxin B by an aptamer antagonist. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:2072-7. [PMID: 25624325 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04414-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a major virulence factor for staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS). SEB activates a large subset of the T lymphocytic population, releasing proinflammatory cytokines. Blocking SEB-initiated toxicity may be an effective strategy for treating TSS. Using a process known as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), we identified an aptamer that can antagonize SEB with nanomolar binding affinity (Kd = 64 nM). The aptamer antagonist effectively inhibits SEB-mediated proliferation and cytokine secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, a PEGylated aptamer antagonist significantly reduced mortality in a "double-hit" mouse model of SEB-induced TSS, established via sensitization with d-galactosamine followed by SEB challenge. Therefore, our novel aptamer antagonist may offer potential therapeutic efficacy against SEB-mediated TSS.
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12
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Sully EK, Whaley K, Bohorova N, Bohorov O, Goodman C, Kim D, Pauly M, Velasco J, Holtsberg FW, Stavale E, Aman MJ, Tangudu C, Uzal FA, Mantis NJ, Zeitlin L. A tripartite cocktail of chimeric monoclonal antibodies passively protects mice against ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B and Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. Toxicon 2014; 92:36-41. [PMID: 25260254 PMCID: PMC4248019 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to the fast-acting nature of ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX), it is necessary that therapeutic interventions following a bioterrorism incident by one of these toxins occur as soon as possible after intoxication. Moreover, because the clinical manifestations of intoxication by these agents are likely to be indistinguishable from each other, especially following aerosol exposure, we have developed a cocktail of chimeric monoclonal antibodies that is capable of neutralizing all three toxins. The efficacy of this cocktail was demonstrated in mouse models of lethal dose toxin challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Sully
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Whaley
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., 92121 San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Do Kim
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., 92121 San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Pauly
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., 92121 San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jesus Velasco
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., 92121 San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Eric Stavale
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Chandra Tangudu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Iowa State University, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., 92121 San Diego, CA, USA.
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13
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Zhao Z, Li B, Sun HQ, Zhang JY, Wang YL, Chen L, Hu J, He YF, Zeng H, Zou QM, Wu C. Fine-mapping of immunodominant linear B-cell epitopes of the Staphylococcus aureus SEB antigen using short overlapping peptides. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90445. [PMID: 24599257 PMCID: PMC3943954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of the most potent Staphylococcus aureus exotoxins (SEs). Due to its conserved sequence and stable structure, SEB might be a good candidate antigen for MRSA vaccines. Although cellular immune responses to SEB are well-characterized, much less is known regarding SEB-specific humoral immune responses, particularly regarding detailed epitope mapping. In this study, we utilized a recombinant nontoxic mutant of SEB (rSEB) and an AlPO4 adjuvant to immunize BALB/c mice and confirmed that rSEB can induce a high antibody level and effective immune protection against MRSA infection. Next, the antisera of immunized mice were collected, and linear B cell epitopes within SEB were finely mapped using a series of overlapping synthetic peptides. Three immunodominant B cell epitopes of SEB were screened by ELISA, including a novel epitope, SEB205-222, and two known epitopes, SEB97–114 and SEB247-261. Using truncated peptides, an ELISA was performed with peptide-KLH antisera, and the core sequence of the three immunodominant B cell epitopes were verified as SEB97-112, SEB207-222, and SEB247-257. In vitro, all of the immunodominant epitope-specific antisera (anti-SEB97-112, anti-SEB207-222 and anti-SEB247-257) were observed to inhibit SEB-induced T cell mitogenesis and cytokine production from splenic lymphocytes of BALB/c mice. The homology analysis indicated that SEB97–112 and SEB207-222 were well-conserved among different Staphylococcus aureus strains. The 3D crystal structure of SEB indicated that SEB97–112 was in the loop region inside SEB, whereas SEB207-222 and SEB247-257 were in the β-slice region outside SEB. In summary, the fine-mapping of linear B-cell epitopes of the SEB antigen in this study will be useful to understand anti-SEB immunity against MRSA infection further and will be helpful to optimize MRSA vaccine designs that are based on the SEB antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - He-Qiang Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jin-Yong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ya-Fei He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hao Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Quan-Ming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- * E-mail: (CW); (Q-MZ)
| | - Chao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- * E-mail: (CW); (Q-MZ)
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