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Hussain T, Metwally E, Murtaza G, Kalhoro DH, Chughtai MI, Tan B, Omur AD, Tunio SA, Akbar MS, Kalhoro MS. Redox mechanisms of environmental toxicants on male reproductive function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1333845. [PMID: 38469179 PMCID: PMC10925774 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1333845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans and wildlife, including domesticated animals, are exposed to a myriad of environmental contaminants that are derived from various human activities, including agricultural, household, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial products. Excessive exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, and phthalates consequently causes the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. The equilibrium between reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant system is preserved to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. Mitochondria play a key role in cellular function and cell survival. Mitochondria are vulnerable to damage that can be provoked by environmental exposures. Once the mitochondrial metabolism is damaged, it interferes with energy metabolism and eventually causes the overproduction of free radicals. Furthermore, it also perceives inflammation signals to generate an inflammatory response, which is involved in pathophysiological mechanisms. A depleted antioxidant system provokes oxidative stress that triggers inflammation and regulates epigenetic function and apoptotic events. Apart from that, these chemicals influence steroidogenesis, deteriorate sperm quality, and damage male reproductive organs. It is strongly believed that redox signaling molecules are the key regulators that mediate reproductive toxicity. This review article aims to spotlight the redox toxicology of environmental chemicals on male reproduction function and its fertility prognosis. Furthermore, we shed light on the influence of redox signaling and metabolism in modulating the response of environmental toxins to reproductive function. Additionally, we emphasize the supporting evidence from diverse cellular and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Animal Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Elsayed Metwally
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail Chughtai
- Animal Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ali Dogan Omur
- Department of Artificial Insemination, Faculty, Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Tunio
- Department of Livestock Management, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Akbar
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, Food and Agro-Industrial Research Centre, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
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Brassea-Pérez E, Hernández-Camacho CJ, Labrada-Martagón V, Vázquez-Medina JP, Gaxiola-Robles R, Zenteno-Savín T. "Oxidative stress induced by phthalates in mammals: State of the art and potential biomarkers". ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112636. [PMID: 34973198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates, plasticizers that are widely used in consumer products including toys, cosmetics, and food containers, have negative effects in liver, kidney, brain, lung and reproductive system of humans and other mammals. OBJECTIVES To summarize, describe and discuss the available information on the effects of phthalate exposure in mammals, with emphasis on oxidative stress, and to suggest potential biomarkers of the health risks associated with phthalate exposure. METHODS An assessment of scientific journals was performed using the PRISMA model for systematic reviews. Manuscripts reporting effects of phthalate exposure on mammalian health published in the last decade were selected according to originality, content, and association to health hazards. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We identified 25 peer-reviewed articles published between January 1st, 2010 and June 1st, 2021 that fit the aims and selection criteria. Phthalates induce oxidative stress and cell degenerative processes by increasing intracellular reactive species. Antioxidant cytoprotective systems decrease with time of exposure; conversely, oxidative damage markers, including thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), 8-hydroxy-2'-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increase. Phthalates were associated with endocrine system disfunction, metabolic disorders, infertility, nonviable pregnancy, cell degeneration, growth impairment, tumor development, and cognitive disorders. Phthalates can also aggravate health conditions such as asthma, hepatitis, diabetes, allergies, chronic liver and kidney diseases. Among humans, the more vulnerable subjects to phthalate exposure effects were children and individuals with a prior health condition. CONCLUSION Chronic exposure to phthalates induces oxidative stress in mammals with concomitant adverse effects in reproductive, respiratory, endocrine, circulatory, and central nervous systems in both in vitro and in vivo trials. Oxidative damage markers and phthalate metabolites levels were the most common biomarkers of phthalate exposure effects. Studies in free-ranging and wild mammals are nil. Further studies on the pathways that lead to metabolic disruption are needed to identify potential treatments against phthalate-induced detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Brassea-Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste S.C, Planeación Ambiental y Conservación, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional #195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Claudia J Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Vanessa Labrada-Martagón
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Chapultepec #1570, Col. Privadas Del Pedregal, CP 78295, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Ramón Gaxiola-Robles
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste S.C, Planeación Ambiental y Conservación, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional #195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Hospital General de Zona No.1. Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, 5 de Febrero y Héroes de La Independencia, Centro, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23000, Mexico
| | - Tania Zenteno-Savín
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste S.C, Planeación Ambiental y Conservación, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional #195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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GPX4-Regulated Ferroptosis Mediates S100-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis Associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6551069. [PMID: 34966478 PMCID: PMC8712167 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6551069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the liver. Oxidative stress triggered by reactive oxygen radicals is a common pathophysiological basis for the pathogenesis of many liver diseases, and ferroptosis is associated with the toxic accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The signaling transduction pathways responsible for iron processing and lipid-peroxidation mechanisms are believed to drive ferroptosis. However, the specific mechanisms regulating ferroptosis remain unclear. The aims of this investigation were to identify the possible effector functions of ferroptosis, based on glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) regulation in an S100-induced autoimmune hepatitis mouse model and hepatocyte injury models. The S100 liver antigen-induced AIH mouse model was used to detect ferroptotic biomarkers using western blotting. Upregulated levels of cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) and Acyl-Coenzyme A synthase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) were observed in the S100-induced AIH model group, while levels of GPX4 and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) were downregulated (P < 0.05). The expression profiles of COX2, ACSL4, GPX4, and FTH1 were restored following the administration of ferrostatin-1. In addition, Nrf2 and HO-1 levels in the S100-induced AIH model mice after treatment with ferrostatin-1 were downregulated compared to the nonferrostatin-1-treated S100-induced AIH model mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, COX2 and ACSL4 levels were significantly upregulated, with significant FTH1 downregulation, in the AIH model mice when liver-specific GPX4 was silenced using AAV8 constructs. These data indicate that inhibition of ferroptosis significantly ameliorated the influence of AIH on the Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway, and that ferroptosis may act as an initiator or intermediate mediator leading to AIH.
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Oluranti OI, Alabi BA, Michael OS, Ojo AO, Fatokun BP. Rutin prevents cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation induced by bisphenol A and dibutyl phthalate exposure via NRF-2/NF-κB pathway. Life Sci 2021; 284:119878. [PMID: 34384828 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Environmental pollutants such as plastic-component substances (phthalates and bisphenol A) that coexist in natural ecosystems have been linked to an increase in the occurrence of human health hazards, particularly cardiovascular health. This study was designed to investigate single and combined cardio-toxic effects of dibutyl phthalate and bisphenol-A and the possible interventional role of rutin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two rats were randomized into 7 groups of 6 animals each and were treated as follows for 28 days: Control (0.1% DMSO), Bisphenol-A (BPA, 25 mg/kg, p.o), Dibutyl phthalate (DBP, 25 mg/kg, p.o), BPA + Rutin (25 mg/kg, Rt 50 mg/kg), DBP + Rt (25 mg/kg, Rt 50 mg/kg), BPA + DBP, BPA + DBP + Rt. Cardiac lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and inflammatory markers activities were measured. KEY FINDINGS The result showed that BPA reduced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, DBP and DBP+ BPA reduced the catalase (CAT) activity, DBP reduced glutathione (GSH) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) while malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in DBP + BPA group. Also, DBP increased tissue C-reactive protein (CRP); DBP, DBP + BPA increased tissue nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB); DBP + BPA increased plasma CRP; BPA increased plasma NF-κB. However, rutin efficiently reduced MDA level, CRP and NF-κB; increasing SOD, GSH and Nrf2 levels in DBP and BPA exposed rats. SIGNIFICANCE These results revealed that bisphenol and dibutyl phthalate exposure caused oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart through Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway while oral administration of rutin prevents these effects via upregulation of Nrf2 and suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi I Oluranti
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria.
| | - Babatunde A Alabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga S Michael
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Alaba O Ojo
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Bosede P Fatokun
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
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Zhang L, Gao X, Qin Z, Shi X, Xu K, Wang S, Tang M, Wang W, Gao S, Zuo L, Zhang L, Zhang W. USP15 participates in DBP-induced testicular oxidative stress injury through regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146898. [PMID: 34088152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) has been listed as an environmental priority pollutant in China due to its distinct biotoxicity. Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to DBP is closely related to a series of congenital and acquired defects in the male reproductive system. The oxidative stress injury caused by DBP plays an important role in these defects. Previous studies have demonstrated that the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidative pathway plays a protective role in DBP-induced oxidative stress injury. However, the further molecular regulation mechanism of the activation of Nrf2 pathway remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that DBP caused testicular oxidative stress injury and Nrf2 pathway was activated in response to the injury in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we validated that reduced level of USP15 attenuates DBP-induced oxidative stress injury through restraining the ubiquitylation and degradation of Nrf2. Notably, USP15 is confirmed as a target of miR-135b-5p and miR-135b-5p mediated inhibition of USP15 is involved in the DBP-induced oxidative stress injury. Collectively, these findings indicated that decreased level of USP15 functions a significant protective effect on the oxidative stress injury of testis caused by DBP via regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xian Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiaokai Shi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shangqian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shenglin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Mohammadi H, Ashari S. Mechanistic insight into toxicity of phthalates, the involved receptors, and the role of Nrf2, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35488-35527. [PMID: 34024001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of phthalates, as phthalates are used in the manufacturing of not only plastics but also many others goods, has become a main concern in the current century because of their potency to induce deleterious effects on organism health. The toxic effects of phthalates such as reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, teratogenicity, and tumor development have been widely indicated by previous experimental studies. Some of the important mechanisms of toxicity by phthalates are the induction and promotion of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Awareness of the involved molecular pathways of these mechanisms will permit the detection of exact molecular targets of phthalates to protect or treat their toxicity. Up to now, various transcription factors and signaling pathways have been associated with phthalate-induced toxicity which by influencing on nuclear surface and the expression of different genes can alter cell hemostasis. In different studies, the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways in processes of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer has been shown following exposure to phthalates. In the present review, we aim to survey experimental studies (in vitro and in vivo) in order to show firstly the most involved receptors and also the importance and the role of the mentioned signaling pathways in phthalate-induced toxicity, and with considering this point, the future studies can focus on these molecular targets as a strategic method to reduce environmental chemicals-induced toxicity especially phthalates toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Toxicology/Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sorour Ashari
- Department of Toxicology/Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Jin X, Chen D, Wu F, Zhang L, Huang Y, Lin Z, Wang X, Wang R, Xu L, Chen Y. Hydrogen Sulfide Protects Against Ammonia-Induced Neurotoxicity Through Activation of Nrf2/ARE Signaling in Astrocytic Model of Hepatic Encephalopathy. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:573422. [PMID: 33192318 PMCID: PMC7642620 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.573422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) characterized by neuropsychiatric abnormalities is a major complication of cirrhosis with high mortality. However, the pathogenesis of HE has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the blood of HE patients and investigate the role of H2S in an astrocytic model of HE. Methods: Patients with and without HE were recruited to determine plasma H2S levels and blood microbial 16S rRNA gene. Rat astrocytes were employed as a model of HE by treatment of NH4Cl. Exogenous H2S was preadded. Cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell death was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33342/Propidium Iodide (PI) Double Staining and Western blot analysis of apoptosis-related protein expression. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed by flow cytometer. Expressions of Nrf2 and its downstream regulated genes were examined by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot, respectively. Nrf2 gene knockdown was performed by antisense shRNA of Nrf2 gene. Results: There was a significant decrease in H2S levels in cirrhotic patients with HE compared with without HE. Blood microbiota analyses revealed that certain strains associated with H2S production were negatively correlated with HE. In vitro, H2S markedly attenuated NH4Cl-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This effect was mediated by Nrf2/ARE signaling, and knockdown of Nrf2 expression abolished the antagonistic effect of H2S on NH4Cl-induced neurotoxicity in astrocytes. Conclusion: Levels of H2S and bacteria associated with H2S production are decreased in HE, and H2S functions as the neuroprotector against NH4Cl-induced HE by activating Nrf2/ARE signaling of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dazhi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Faling Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lanman Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Liver Diseases, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Wenzhou, China
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Zhang L, Qin Z, Li R, Wang S, Wang W, Tang M, Zhang W. The role of ANXA5 in DBP-induced oxidative stress through ERK/Nrf2 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103236. [PMID: 31404886 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di-N-butylphthalate (DBP) have given rise to more and more attention due to its unique endocrine toxicity to male reproductive system. Our previous studies have demonstrated antioxidative Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2) pathway play a vital role in DBP induced oxidative stress injury. ANXA5 (annexin A5), which is highly expressed in testicular Leydig and Sertoli cells, was found upregulated after DBP stimulation. Mouse Leydig and Sertoli cells were exposed to different concentration of DBP for 24 h to examine the ROS (Reactive oxygen species), MDA (Malondialdehyde), SOD (superoxide dismutase) level and ANXA5, Nrf2, NQO1 (NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1), HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1) and ERK/P-ERK protein expression by DHE (Dihydroethidium) staining, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and Western blot respectively. Firstly, the oxidative stress injury induced by DBP was re-validated. Then, we confirmed the change of Nrf2 pathway and ANXA5 level after DBP exposure to testicular cells. Additionally, overexpressed ANXA5 could activate Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 antioxidant pathway and significantly attenuate DBP-induced oxidative stress. Ultimately, we demonstrated ANXA5 could increase ERK phosphorylated level and the activated role of ANXA5 on ERK/Nrf2 pathway could be reversed by ERK inhibitor. Overall, this study illuminated that ANXA5 could defend testicle Leydig and Sertoli cells against DBP-induced oxidative stress injury through ERK/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shangqian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Baken KA, Lambrechts N, Remy S, Mustieles V, Rodríguez-Carrillo A, Neophytou CM, Olea N, Schoeters G. A strategy to validate a selection of human effect biomarkers using adverse outcome pathways: Proof of concept for phthalates and reproductive effects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:235-256. [PMID: 31146096 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring measures the concentrations of environmental chemicals or their metabolites in body fluids or tissues. Complementing exposure biomarkers with mechanistically based effect biomarkers may further elucidate causal pathways between chemical exposure and adverse health outcomes. We combined information on effect biomarkers previously implemented in human observational studies with mechanisms of action reported in experimental studies and with information from published Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs), focusing on adverse reproductive effects of phthalate exposure. Phthalates constitute a group of chemicals that are ubiquitous in consumer products and have been related to a wide range of adverse health effects. As a result of a comprehensive literature search, we present an overview of effect biomarkers for reproductive toxicity that are substantiated by mechanistic information. The activation of several receptors, such as PPARα, PPARγ, and GR, may initiate events leading to impaired male and female fertility as well as other adverse effects of phthalate exposure. Therefore, these receptors appear as promising targets for the development of novel effect biomarkers. The proposed strategy connects the fields of epidemiology and toxicology and may strengthen the weight of evidence in observational studies that link chemical exposures to health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Baken
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Lambrechts
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Remy
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Christiana M Neophytou
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nicolas Olea
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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10
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Arzuaga X, Walker T, Yost EE, Radke EG, Hotchkiss AK. Use of the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework to evaluate species concordance and human relevance of Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)-induced male reproductive toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 96:445-458. [PMID: 31260805 PMCID: PMC10067323 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a phthalate ester used as a plasticizer, and solvent. Studies using rats consistently report that DBP exposure disrupts normal development of the male reproductive system in part via inhibition of androgen synthesis. However, studies using xenograft models report that in human fetal testis DBP exposure is unlikely to impair testosterone synthesis. These results question the validity of the rat model for assessment of male reproductive effects caused by DBP. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework was used to evaluate the available evidence for DBP-induced toxicity to the male reproductive system. Three relevant biological elements were identified: 1) fetal rats are more sensitive than other rodents and human fetal xenografts to DBP-induced anti-androgenic effects, 2) DBP-induced androgen-independent adverse outcomes are conserved amongst different mammalian models and human fetal testis xenografts, and 3) DBP-induced anti-androgenic effects are conserved in different mammalian species when exposure occurs during postnatal life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Arzuaga
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, United States of America.
| | - Teneille Walker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Erin E Yost
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth G Radke
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Andrew K Hotchkiss
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
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11
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Zhang G, Yang W, Jiang F, Zou P, Zeng Y, Ling X, Zhou Z, Cao J, Ao L. PERK regulates Nrf2/ARE antioxidant pathway against dibutyl phthalate-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis dependent of reactive oxygen species in mouse spermatocyte-derived cells. Toxicol Lett 2019; 308:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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Yang B, Bai Y, Yin C, Qian H, Xing G, Wang S, Li F, Bian J, Aschner M, Lu R. Activation of autophagic flux and the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway by hydrogen sulfide protects against acrylonitrile-induced neurotoxicity in primary rat astrocytes. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2093-2108. [PMID: 29725710 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third gasotransmitter, has been shown to act as a neuroprotective factor in numerous pathological processes; however, its underlying mechanism(s) of action remain unclear. It is widely accepted that activation of moderate autophagy and the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway play important roles in the biological self-defense systems. In the present study, we investigated whether exogenous H2S protects against the cytotoxicity of acrylonitrile (AN), a neurotoxin, in primary rat astrocytes. We found that pretreatment for 1 h with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a donor of H2S (200-800 µM), significantly attenuated the AN-induced decrease in cell viability, increase in lactate dehydrogenase release and morphological changes. Furthermore, NaHS significantly attenuated AN-induced oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increasing glutathione (GSH) concentration. Moreover, NaHS activated the autophagic flux, detectable as a change in autophagy-related proteins (Beclin-1, Atg5 and p62), the formation of acidic vesicular organelles and LC3B aggregation, confirmed by adenoviral expression of mRFP-GFP-LC3. Additionally, NaHS stimulated translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus and increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, downstream targets of Nrf2. Notably, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine and Beclin-1, or Nrf2-targeted siRNA, significantly attenuated the neuroprotective effects of NaHS against AN-induced neurotoxicity. In conclusion, we identified a crucial role of autophagy and the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in H2S-mediated neuroprotection against AN-induced toxicity in primary rat astrocytes. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of H2S-mediated neuroprotection, and suggest that H2S-based donors may serve as potential new candidate drugs to treat AN-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changsheng Yin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangwei Xing
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China. .,Center for Experimental Research, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin(W) Road, Kunshan, 215132, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Qin Z, Tang J, Han P, Jiang X, Yang C, Li R, Tang M, Shen B, Wang W, Qin C, Zhang W. Protective effects of sulforaphane on di-n-butylphthalate-induced testicular oxidative stress injury in male mice offsprings via activating Nrf2/ARE pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82956-82967. [PMID: 29137315 PMCID: PMC5669941 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-N-butylphthalate (DBP) is one of the most common endocrine-disrupting chemicals which can disrupt human endocrine system, especially in the male reproductive system. Here, this study was aimed to determine whether sulforaphane (SFN) could protect against testicular oxidative stress injury induced by DBP in male mice offsprings. Wild-type (Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2-/-) timed-pregnant mice were given DBP orally from embryonic day (E)14.5 to E19.5. Subsequently, the oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Besides, Nrf2, NF-κB, I-kB, HO-1 and NQO-1 expression levels in the testis were measured by immunohistochemical staining or western blot analysis. DBP significantly reduced anogenital distance (AGD) and influenced testes growth in male mice offsprings, while SFN ameliorated these phenotypes. After DBP stimulation, the testicular morphology, testicular cell apoptosis index and the oxidative stress markers exhibited statistical differences compared with Control group, while SFN supplementation showed obvious improvements. In addition, administration of SFN could obviously increase the expression level of Nrf2 and its downstream ARE gene battery, such as HO-1, NQO-1 in the testis. Meanwhile, SFN pretreatment did not confer protection against DBP-induced testicular oxidative stress injury in Nrf2 knockout mice. Therefore, the present findings suggested that SFN could effectively protect against DBP-induced testicular oxidative stress injury through Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways in male mice offsprings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingyuan Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xuping Jiang
- Department of Urology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Chengdi Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Baixin Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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14
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Zheng W, Huang Q, Pan S, Fan W, Wang G, Yuan Y, Gu J, Liu X, Liu Z, Bian J. Regulation of oncogenes and gap junction intercellular communication during the proliferative response of zearalenone in TM3 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 36:701-708. [PMID: 27473017 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116661021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species. The exposure risk to humans and animals is the consumption of contaminated food and animal feeds. The aim of this study was to investigate ZEA-induced effects and its tumorigenic mechanism in TM3 cells (mouse Leydig cells). Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) were assessed in this study. Results showed that low concentrations of ZEA could significantly promote the growth of TM3 cells. The percentage of cell distribution was decreased significantly in G1/G0 phase and was increased significantly in S phase with 10 and 20 μg/L of ZEA for 72 h ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The expressions of cyclin D1 and Cdk4 were significantly increased in the exposure groups compared with the control group ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the apoptosis was significantly decreased in 10 and 20 μg/L groups ( p < 0.01), and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein level was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The protein levels of proto-oncogene c-Myc, c-Jun, and c-Fos were significantly elevated and the protein levels of anti-oncogene p53 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were decreased obviously compared with the control group ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01). ZEA affected the expressions of connexins and inhibited the activity of GJIC. These results demonstrated that ZEA can disturb the dynamic balance between proliferation and apoptosis and causes abnormal regulation of oncogenes, GJIC, and connexins in TM3 cells, which may easily induce the translation of normal cells into tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zheng
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- 2 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q Huang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- 2 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - S Pan
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - W Fan
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - G Wang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Yuan
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- 2 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Gu
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- 2 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Liu
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- 2 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Z Liu
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- 2 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Bian
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- 2 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Liu W, Xu Z, Li H, Guo M, Yang T, Feng S, Xu B, Deng Y. Protective effects of curcumin against mercury-induced hepatic injuries in rats, involvement of oxidative stress antagonism, and Nrf2-ARE pathway activation. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:949-966. [PMID: 27837179 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116677355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) represents a ubiquitous environmental heavy metal that could lead to severe toxic effects in a variety of organs usually at a low level. The present study focused on the liver oxidative stress, one of the most important roles playing in Hg hepatotoxicity, by evaluation of different concentrations of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) administration. Moreover, the protective potential of curcumin against Hg hepatotoxic effects was also investigated. Eighty-four rats were randomly divided into six groups for a three-days experiment: control, dimethyl sulfoxide control, HgCl2 treatment (0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 mg kg-1 day-1), and curcumin pretreatment (100 mg kg-1 day-1) groups. Exposure of HgCl2 resulted in acute dose-dependent hepatotoxic effects. Administration of 2.4 mg kg-1 HgCl2 significantly elevated total Hg, nonprotein sulfhydryl, reactive oxygen species formation, malondialdehyde, apoptosis levels, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine transaminase activities, with an impairment of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the liver. Moreover, HgCl2 treatment activated nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) signaling pathway in further investigation, with a significant upregulation of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1, and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit expression, relative to control. Pretreatment with curcumin obviously prevented HgCl2-induced liver oxidative stress, which may be due to its free radical scavenging or Nrf2-ARE pathway-inducing properties. Taking together these data suggest that curcumin counteracts HgCl2 hepatotoxicity through antagonizing liver oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Department of environmental health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Xu
- Department of environmental health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - H Li
- Department of environmental health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - M Guo
- Department of environmental health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - T Yang
- Department of environmental health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - S Feng
- Department of environmental health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - B Xu
- Department of environmental health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of environmental health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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16
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Odermatt A, Strajhar P, Engeli RT. Disruption of steroidogenesis: Cell models for mechanistic investigations and as screening tools. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 158:9-21. [PMID: 26807866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world, humans are exposed during their whole life to a large number of synthetic chemicals. Some of these chemicals have the potential to disrupt endocrine functions and contribute to the development and/or progression of major diseases. Every year approximately 1000 novel chemicals, used in industrial production, agriculture, consumer products or as pharmaceuticals, are reaching the market, often with limited safety assessment regarding potential endocrine activities. Steroids are essential endocrine hormones, and the importance of the steroidogenesis pathway as a target for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been recognized by leading scientists and authorities. Cell lines have a prominent role in the initial stages of toxicity assessment, i.e. for mechanistic investigations and for the medium to high throughput analysis of chemicals for potential steroidogenesis disrupting activities. Nevertheless, the users have to be aware of the limitations of the existing cell models in order to apply them properly, and there is a great demand for improved cell-based testing systems and protocols. This review intends to provide an overview of the available cell lines for studying effects of chemicals on gonadal and adrenal steroidogenesis, their use and limitations, as well as the need for future improvements of cell-based testing systems and protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Center for Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Petra Strajhar
- Swiss Center for Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger T Engeli
- Swiss Center for Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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