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Kenger İH, Yıldız H, Hüsunet MT, DÖNbak L, Kayraldız A. Elucidation of the cytogenotoxic potential of vigabatrin and its in silico computer-assisted DNA interaction. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:314-321. [PMID: 36752088 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2174988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Vigabatrin (VGB) is a gammaaminobutyric acid-ergic (GABA-ergic) antiepileptic drug (AED) and is one of 2 approved drugs available to treat infantile spasms (IS). The aim of this study is to elucidate conflicting data on the toxic effects of VGB and to obtain detailed information about its possible cytogenotoxic effects in human lymphocytes. For this purpose, in vitro Chromosomal Aberration (CA), Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE), Micronucleus (MN) tests, and Comet Assay were performed to determine possible genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of VGB. In addition, the binding energy level of VGB to DNA was determined in silico by molecular docking. The highest concentration (80 μg/ml) of VGB increased the SCE, CA, MN and micronucleated binuclear cell (BNMN) frequency significantly compared to the control after 24 and 48 hours of treatment. In the tail density and tail length parameters, the dose-dependent increase was found to be statistically significant compared to the control. At the 40 and 80 μg/ml concentrations of VGB for 48 hours caused a statistically significant increase in both CA/Cell and AC percentages, while MI and NDI decreased only significantly at the highest concentration (80 µg/ml) causing. In the Comet Assay head density, tail density and tail length parameters, the dose-dependent increase was found to be statistically significant compared to the control. Also, the in silico molecular docking analysis showed that VGB interacts with B-DNA close to the threshold binding energy. The lowest negative free binding energy (ΔG binding) was found as -5.13 kcal/mol. In conclusion, all results are evaluated together, it has been determined that VGB has cytogenotoxic effects in vitro and binds to DNA in silico with significant free binding energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Halil Kenger
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Gaziantep Islam, Science, and Technology University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hamit Yıldız
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tahir Hüsunet
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Gaziantep Islam, Science, and Technology University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Lale DÖNbak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Onikişubat, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Kayraldız
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Onikişubat, Türkiye
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R S, K N. Teratogenic impacts of Antiepileptic drugs on development, behavior and reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 100:107305. [PMID: 37805079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Clobazam (CLB) and Vigabatrin (VGB) are the two widely used Antiepileptic drugs, which may have teratogenic potentiality and it has been evaluated in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. These different concentrations of CLB (0.156, 0.25, and 0.312 μg/ml) and VGB (17.6, 22, and 44 μg/ml) were used to evaluate the life-history parameters, developmental, and behavioral abnormalities. The results revealed that life-history parameters (fecundity, fertility, larval and pupal mortality) were significantly affected along with varied developmental duration, and pupal and adult deformities in flies on exposure of CLB and VGB in concentration dependent manner. The present study demonstrated that the prenatal treatment of CLB and VGB has displayed clear teratogenic potentiality with various deformities in the fruit fly. The findings could be correlated with the various abnormalities in human caused by the use of AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamapari R
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Applied Zoology, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka 577451, India
| | - Nagaraj K
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Applied Zoology, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka 577451, India.
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Arabmoazzen S, Mirshekar MA. Evaluation of the effects of metformin as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activator on spatial learning and memory in a rat model of multiple sclerosis disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111932. [PMID: 34323699 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease, cognitive deficits have been detected because of destruction of hippocampus. Cognitive impairment is one of the common signs in MS. Recent studies showed that metformin (Met) has wide-ranging effects in the treatment of diseases. Here, we have tried to study the preservative effects of Met as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator on the hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) neuronal firing pattern, motor coordination, and learning & memory loss following MS induction. The MS induction was done by local ethidium bromide (EB) injection into the rat hippocampus. Then, rats were treated with Met (200 mg/kg) for two weeks. Spatial memory and learning status were assessed using Morris water maze. A neuronal single-unit recording was measured from hippocampus DG. After decapitation, the bilateral hippocampi separated to measure malondialdehyde (MDA). Treatment with Met ameliorated latency times and path lengths (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001 in 1th, 2th, 3th and 4th days) in the Met + MS group respectively. The percent of total time spent in goal quarter and the average number of spikes/bin were decreased significantly in MS rats compared with the sham group (p < 0.001) but significantly increased in the metformin-treated MS group (Met + MS), (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). Met treatment in rats with MS significantly reduced the concentration of MDA, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation compared to untreated groups. These observations show that increase of neuronal activity, sensory-motor coordination, and improvement of spatial memory in MS rats treated with Met appears via an increment of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiedeh Arabmoazzen
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mirshekar
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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Rencüzoğulları E, Aydın M. Genotoxic and mutagenic studies of teratogens in developing rat and mouse. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:409-429. [PMID: 29745766 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1465950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of teratogenic chemical agents in both rat and mouse have been reviewed. Of these chemicals, 97 are drugs and 33 are pesticides or belong to other groups. Large literature searches were conducted to determine the effects of chemicals on chromosome abnormalities, sister chromatid exchanges, and micronucleus formation in experimental animals such as rats and mice. In addition, studies that include unscheduled DNA synthesis, DNA adduct formations, and gene mutations, which help to determine the genotoxicity or mutagenicity of chemicals, have been reviewed. It has been estimated that 46.87% of teratogenic drugs and 48.48% of teratogenic pesticides are positive in all tests. So, all of the teratogens involved in this group have genotoxic and mutagenic effects. On the other hand, 36.45% of the drugs and 21.21% of the pesticides have been found to give negative results in at least one test, with the majority of the tests giving positive results. However, only 4.16% of the drugs and 18.18% of the pesticides were determined to give negative results in the majority of the tests. Among tests with major negative results, 12.50% of the teratogenic drugs and 12.12% of the teratogenic pesticides were negative in all conducted tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyyüp Rencüzoğulları
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters , Adiyaman University , Adiyaman , Turkey
| | - Muhsin Aydın
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters , Adiyaman University , Adiyaman , Turkey
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Sousa K, Decker N, Pires TR, Papke DKM, Coelho VR, Pflüger P, Pereira P, Picada JN. Neurobehavioral effects of vigabatrin and its ability to induce DNA damage in brain cells after acute treatment in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:129-136. [PMID: 27678549 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vigabatrin (VGB) is a drug indicated mostly for the treatment of spasms in childhood and West's syndrome patients. This drug inhibits irreversibly the enzyme GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), increasing GABA concentrations and enhancing GABAergic neurotransmission in the brain, which is known to induce behavioral changes. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of VGB in the short-term memory (STM), long-term memory (LTM), motivation, locomotion, and exploratory behavior tests and to detect deleterious or protective effects on DNA in target tissues of the drug. METHODS Male Wistar rats were treated with a single dose of VGB (100, 250, or 500 mg/kg) or saline solution before the inhibitory avoidance and open-field tasks. DNA damage was evaluated using the alkaline comet assay in peripheral blood, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus after behavioral testing. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the inhibitory avoidance task between the treated groups and the saline group. In all tested doses, VGB reduced the number of rearings in the open-field task. Besides, VGB 500 mg/kg affected locomotion, though it was not able to induce any DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS VGB did not affect STM and LTM, but the drug impaired the exploration and locomotion likely associated with its sedative effect. In addition, no DNA damage in cortex and hippocampus was detected after behavioral testing, when brain GABA levels are already increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sousa
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, 2425-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Decker
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, 2425-900, Brazil
| | - Thienne Rocha Pires
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, 2425-900, Brazil
| | - Débora Kuck Mausolff Papke
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, 2425-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rodrigues Coelho
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Pre-Clinical Toxicology. Pharmacology Department, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite Street, 500/305, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Pricila Pflüger
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Pre-Clinical Toxicology. Pharmacology Department, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite Street, 500/305, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Pre-Clinical Toxicology. Pharmacology Department, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite Street, 500/305, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, 2425-900, Brazil.
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