Development of a data-processing method based on Bayesian k-means clustering to discriminate aneugens and clastogens in a high-content micronucleus assay

The role of ginger's extract and N-acetylcysteine against docetaxel-induced oxidative stress and genetic disorder

Oxidative stress plays a prominent role in expanding toxicity and various diseases. This study investigated the potential protective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome extract and NAC on docetaxel induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress. The antioxidant power of NAC and ginger extract on the genetic toxicity induced by docetaxel was assessed by micronucleus test. The ROS test with DCFH reagent was used to assess the reactive oxygen species. The thiobarbituric acid method was used to evaluate the amount of MDA produced by docetaxel. The amounts of phenol and flavonoids in the ginger extracts were also evaluated. The amount of phenol in the ginger extract was 0.886 mg of gallic acid per gram of dry extract. The amount of flavonoids were 0.242 mg/mL of quercetin per gram of dry extract. As shown by the micronucleus results, concentrations of 100 and 500 μM NAC and all concentrations of the ginger extract significantly reduced the number of micronuclei produced by docetaxel. On the other hand, the results of oxidative stress tests (ROS and LPO) showed that docetaxel in HGF cells increased the production of ROS and LPO, and the concentrations of ginger extract and NAC decreased oxidative stress in HGF cells in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that using these two antioxidants helps inhibit genetic toxicity and oxidative stress caused by docetaxel.

CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF DULOXETINE ON MKN45 AND NIH3T3 CELL LINES AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS ON HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Unfortunately, the survival rate of the gastric cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy following surgery has been less than a half. Besides, chemotherapy has many side effects. Current evidence suggests that some antidepressants like duloxetine have growth-inhibiting effects against a number of cancer cell lines. OBJECTIVE: Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of duloxetine on gastric cancer. METHODS: In this regard, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of duloxetine were investigated in MKN45 and NIH3T3 cell lines by MTT assay and on peripheral blood lymphocytes by MN assay. For this purpose, cells were cultured in 96 wells plate. Stock solutions of duloxetine and cisplatin were prepared. After cell incubation with different concentrations of duloxetine (1, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μL), MTT solution was added. For micronucleus assay fresh blood was added to RPMI culture medium 1640 supplemented, and different concentrations of duloxetine (1, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μL) were added. RESULTS: The cytotoxicity of duloxetine on MKN45 cancer cell line and NIH3T3 normal cell line were studied followed by MTT assay. duloxetine exhibited higher IC50 in the MKN45 cells in comparison with the NIH3T3 cells. In addition, genotoxic effect of duloxetine was evaluated by micronucleus assay. The results revealed that duloxetine induced more DNA damage at 100 and 200 μM and no significant difference at 200 μM with respect to cisplatin, but it had less genotoxic effects at 100 and 50 μM concentrations. CONCLUSION: Although, in this study, duloxetine had less genotoxicity than cisplatin in concentrations under 200 μM and showed cytotoxic effects as well, due to its IC50, it cannot be considered as a better choice for gastric cancer therapies with respect to cisplatin as a common anticancer drug.