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Vasileva B, Krasteva N, Hristova-Panusheva K, Ivanov P, Miloshev G, Pavlov A, Georgiev V, Georgieva M. Exploring the Biosafety Potential of Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. In Vitro Culture Total Ethanol Extract: A Comprehensive Assessment of Genotoxicity, Mitotoxicity, and Cytotoxicity for Therapeutic Applications. Cells 2024; 13:1118. [PMID: 38994970 PMCID: PMC11240332 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating elderly population worldwide has prompted a surge of interest in longevity medicine. Its goal is to interfere with the speed of ageing by slowing it down or even reversing its accompanying effects. As a field, it is rapidly growing and spreading into different branches. One of these is the use of nutraceuticals as anti-ageing drugs. This field is gaining massive popularity nowadays, as people are shifting towards a more natural approach to life and seeking to use natural products as a source of medicine. The present article focuses on the cellular effect of Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. in vitro culture total ethanol extract (HRT), produced by a sustainable biotechnological approach. The extract showed a similar phytochemical profile to plant leaf extract and was rich in primary bioactive ingredients-caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycosides, myconoside, and paucifloside. This study examined the biosafety potential, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mitochondrial activity of the extract using in vitro cultures. The results showed high cell survival rates and minimal cytotoxic effects on Lep3 cells, with no induction of reactive oxygen species nor genotoxicity. Additionally, the extract positively influenced mitochondrial activity, indicating potential benefits for cellular health. The results are promising and show the beneficial effect of HRT without the observation of any adverse effects, which sets the foundation for its further testing and potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Vasileva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Epigenetics and Longevity, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Krasteva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Penyo Ivanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Epigenetics and Longevity, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - George Miloshev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Epigenetics and Longevity, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Atanas Pavlov
- Laboratory of Cell Biosystems, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Georgiev
- Laboratory of Cell Biosystems, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Georgieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Epigenetics and Longevity, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Macarini AF, Mariano LNB, Zanovello M, da Silva RDCV, Corrêa R, de Souza P. Protective Role of Rosmarinic Acid in Experimental Urolithiasis: Understanding Its Impact on Renal Parameters. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:702. [PMID: 38931369 PMCID: PMC11206490 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the ability of rosmarinic acid (RA) to prevent kidney stone formation in an ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride (EG/AC) model. There was an increase in diuresis in the normotensive (NTRs) and hypertensive rats (SHRs) treated with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and exposed to EG/AC, while RA restored urine volume in NTRs. The EG/AC groups exhibited lower urine pH and electrolyte imbalance; these parameters were not affected by any of the treatments. Both HCTZ+EG/AC and RA+EG/AC reduced calcium oxalate crystal formation in NTR and SHR urine. Kidney tissue analysis revealed alterations in oxidative stress and inflammation parameters in all EG/AC-receiving groups, with RA enhancing antioxidant defenses in SHRs. Additionally, crystals were found in the kidney histology of all EG/AC-exposed groups, with reduced Bowman's capsule areas in NTRs and SHRs. The NTR VEH+EG/AC group showed intense renal damage, while the others maintained their structures, where treatments with HCTZ and RA were fundamental for kidney protection in the NTRs. Docking analysis showed that RA exhibited good binding affinity with matrix metalloproteinase-9, phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase, and human glycolate oxidase enzymes. The data disclosed herein underscore the importance of further research to understand the underlying mechanisms better and validate the potential of RA for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai 458, Itajaí 88302-901, Brazil
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Mohmad Saberi SE, Chua LS. Potential of rosmarinic acid from Orthosiphon aristatus extract for inflammatory induced diseases and its mechanisms of action. Life Sci 2023; 333:122170. [PMID: 37827234 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Orthosiphon aristatus has been traditionally used as a medicinal herb for various illnesses in Southeast Asia and Europe. The most dominant bioactive compound of the herb is rosmarinic acid (RosA) which has been demonstrated for its remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. This review describes the recent progress of studies on multi-target molecular pathways of RosA in relation to targeted inflammatory-associated diseases. An inclusive literature search was conducted using electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer Link, PubMed, Medline, Wiley and Science Direct for studies reporting on the anti-inflammatory actions of RosA from 2008 until 2023. The keywords of the search were RosA and anti-inflammatory in relation to hepatoprotective, chondroprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and toxicity. Only publications that are written in English are included in this review. The inhibition and deactivation of pro-inflammatory biomolecules by RosA were explained based on the initial inflammation stimuli and their location in the body. The activation of Nrf2/HO-1 expression to inhibit NF-κB pathway is the key mechanism for hepatoprotection. Besides NF-κB inhibition, RosA activates PPARγ to alleviate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury for cardioprotection. The regulation of MAPK and T-cell activation is important for chondroprotection, whereas the anti-oxidant property of RosA is the main contributor of neuroprotection. Even though less studies on the anti-inflammation of RosA extracts from O. aristatus, but the effective pharmacological properties of RosA has promoted it as a natural potent lead for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salfarina Ezrina Mohmad Saberi
- Herbal and Phytochemical Unit, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Suan Chua
- Herbal and Phytochemical Unit, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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Zhang T, Gao H, Fan Y, Chen S, Li Y, Liu R, Li T, Yin C. Gut microbiota disorder induces liver dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome rats' model by regulating metabolite rosmarinic acid. Life Sci 2023; 330:121912. [PMID: 37423380 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aims to investigate the impact of the gut microbiota and serum metabolites on the regulation of liver dysfunction in PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS PCOS rat models were established by treating Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with DHEA (an androgen, 60 mg/kg) and LET (a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, 1 mg/kg) for 90 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E), Western blotting, and radioimmunoassay were employed to test ovarian and liver functions. Gut microbiome and serum metabolites were assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics, respectively. The association between gut microbiota and serum metabolites was examined using Spearman analysis. Finally, using HepG2 cells to investigate the function of the serum metabolite rosmarinic acid (RA). KEY FINDINGS Both Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and letrozole (LET) treatments induced a PCOS phenotype and liver dysfunction. However, LET resulted in more severe lipid accumulation and liver cell apoptosis than DHEA. 16S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed significant differences in beta diversity and serum metabolite profiles among the three groups. Furthermore, among the significantly changed metabolites, RA was found to have a significant correlation with the levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and could promote HepG2 cell apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE Restoring gut microbiota, altering serum metabolites and/or decreasing RA may provide a new insight to treat this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yali Fan
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Shuya Chen
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Tianhe Li
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China.
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China.
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Ververis A, Kyriakou S, Ioannou K, Chatzopoulou PS, Panayiotidis MI, Plioukas M, Christodoulou K. Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant and Anti-Amyloid Capacities of Salvia fruticosa Extracts from Greece. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3191. [PMID: 37765357 PMCID: PMC10535607 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
An increasingly common ailment in elderly persons is Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative illness. Present treatment is restricted to alleviating symptoms; hence, there is a requirement to develop an effective approach to AD treatment. Salvia fruticosa (SF) is a medicinal plant with a documented neuroprotective potential. To identify extracts of increased neuroprotectivity, we partitioned the methanolic extract of SF aerial parts from Greece into several fractions, by employing solvents of different polarities. The fractions were chemically identified and evaluated for their antioxidancy and anti-neurotoxic potential against amyloid beta peptides 25-35 (Aβ25-35). Carnosol and carnosic acid were among the prominent compounds, while all partitions showed significant antioxidant capacity, with the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate partitions being the most potent. These, along with the aqueous and the butanolic fractions, demonstrated statistically significant anti-neurotoxic potential. Thus, our findings further validate the neuroprotective potential of SF and support its ethnopharmacological usage as an antioxidant. The particular properties found define SF as a promising source for obtaining extracts or bioactive compounds, possibly beneficial for generating AD-related functional foods or medications. Finally, our results encourage plant extract partitioning for acquiring fractions of enhanced biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Ververis
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (A.V.); (K.I.)
| | - Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Kristia Ioannou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (A.V.); (K.I.)
| | - Paschalina S. Chatzopoulou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Michael Plioukas
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus;
| | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (A.V.); (K.I.)
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Kernou ON, Azzouz Z, Madani K, Rijo P. Application of Rosmarinic Acid with Its Derivatives in the Treatment of Microbial Pathogens. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104243. [PMID: 37241981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the antimicrobial resistance phenomena on and the harmful consequences of the use of antibiotics motivate the necessity of innovative antimicrobial therapies, while natural substances are considered a promising alternative. Rosmarin is an original plant compound listed among the hydroxycinnamic acids. This substance has been widely used to fight microbial pathology and chronic infections from microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and viruses. Also, various derivatives of rosmarinic acid, such as the propyl ester of rosmarinic acid, rosmarinic acid methyl ester or the hexyl ester of rosmarinic acid, have been synthesized chemically, which have been isolated as natural antimicrobial agents. Rosmarinic acid and its derivatives were combined with antibiotics to obtain a synergistic effect. This review reports on the antimicrobial effects of rosmarinic acid and its associated derivatives, both in their free form and in combination with other microbial pathogens, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourdia-Nouara Kernou
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie, et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Zahra Azzouz
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée (LMA), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Khodir Madani
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie, et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
- Centre de Recherche en Technologie Agroalimentaire (CRTAA), Route de Targua-Ouzemour, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Patricia Rijo
- CBIOS-Centro de Investigação em Biociências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Universida de Lusófona, Campo Grande 376, 1749-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Liboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Zhao J, Xu L, Jin D, Xin Y, Tian L, Wang T, Zhao D, Wang Z, Wang J. Rosmarinic Acid and Related Dietary Supplements: Potential Applications in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101410. [PMID: 36291619 PMCID: PMC9599057 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes a severe threat to human health and quality of life and is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Natural dietary products have drawn substantial attention in cancer treatment and prevention due to their availability and absence of toxicity. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is known for its excellent antioxidant properties and is safe and effective in preventing and inhibiting tumors. This review summarizes recent publications on culture techniques, extraction processes, and anti-tumor applications of RA-enriched dietary supplements. We discuss techniques to improve RA bioavailability and provide a mechanistic discussion of RA regarding tumor prevention, treatment, and adjuvant therapy. RA exhibits anticancer activity by regulating oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and metastasis. These data suggest that daily use of RA-enriched dietary supplements can contribute to tumor prevention and treatment. RA has the potential for application in anti-tumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Zhao
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Liwei Xu
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Di Jin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yu Xin
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.W.)
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Guan H, Luo W, Bao B, Cao Y, Cheng F, Yu S, Fan Q, Zhang L, Wu Q, Shan M. A Comprehensive Review of Rosmarinic Acid: From Phytochemistry to Pharmacology and Its New Insight. Molecules 2022; 27:3292. [PMID: 35630768 PMCID: PMC9143754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic acids are the widely occurring natural products in almost each herbal plant, among which rosmarinic acid (RA, C18H16O8) is well-known, and is present in over 160 species belonging to many families, especially the Lamiaceae. Aside from this herbal ingredient, dozens of its natural derivatives have also been isolated and characterized from many natural plants. In recent years, with the increasing focus on the natural products as alternative treatments, a large number of pharmacological studies have been carried out to demonstrate the various biological activities of RA such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-virus, anti-tumor, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, etc. In addition, investigations concerning its biosynthesis, extraction, analysis, clinical applications, and pharmacokinetics have also been performed. Although many achievements have been made in various research aspects, there still exist some problems or issues to be answered, especially its toxicity and bioavailability. Thus, we hope that in the case of natural products, the present review can not only provide a comprehensive understanding on RA covering its miscellaneous research fields, but also highlight some of the present issues and future perspectives worth investigating later, in order to help us utilize this polyphenolic acid more efficiently, widely, and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaquan Guan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.G.); (W.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Wenbin Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.G.); (W.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Beihua Bao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yudan Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiaoling Fan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.G.); (W.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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da Silva GB, Yamauchi MA, Zanini D, Bagatini MD. Novel possibility for cutaneous melanoma treatment by means of rosmarinic acid action on purinergic signaling. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:61-81. [PMID: 34741236 PMCID: PMC8570242 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cases have increased significantly in Brazil and worldwide, with cutaneous melanoma (CM) being responsible for nearly 57,000 deaths in the world. Thus, this review article aims at exploring and proposed hypotheses with respect to the possibility that RA can be a promising and alternative compound to be used as an adjuvant in melanoma treatment, acting on purinergic signaling. The scarcity of articles evidencing the action of this compound in this signaling pathway requires further studies. Considering diverse evidence found in the literature, we hypothesize that RA can be an effective candidate for the treatment of CM acting as a modulating molecule of purinergic cellular pathway through P2X7 blocking, mitigating the Warburg effect, and as antagonic molecule of the P2Y12 receptor, reducing the formation of adhesive molecules that prevent adherence in tumor cells. In this way, our proposals for CM treatment based on targeting purinergic signaling permeate the integral practice, going from intracell to extracell. Undoubtedly, much is still to be discovered and elucidated about this promising compound, this paper being an interesting work baseline to support more research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilnei Bruno da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Milena Ayumi Yamauchi
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Daniela Zanini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil.
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Lai J, Tang Y, Yang F, Chen J, Huang FH, Yang J, Wang L, Qin D, Law BYK, Wu AG, Wu JM. Targeting autophagy in ethnomedicine against human diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114516. [PMID: 34487846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the past five years, ethnopharmacy-based drugs have been increasingly used in clinical practice. It has been reported that hundreds of ethnopharmacy-based drugs can modulate autophagy to regulate physiological and pathological processes, and ethnomedicines also have certain therapeutic effects on illnesses, revealing the important roles of these medicines in regulating autophagy and treating diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study reviews the regulatory effects of natural products on autophagy in recent years, and discusses their pharmacological effects and clinical applications in the process of diseases. It provides a preliminary literature basis and reference for the research of plant drugs in the regulation of autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive systematic review in the fields of relationship between autophagy and ethnomedicine in treating diseases from PubMed electronic database was performed. Information was obtained from documentary sources. RESULTS We recorded some illnesses associated with autophagy, then classified them into different categories reasonably. Based on the uses of these substances in different researches of diseases, a total of 80 active ingredients or compound preparations of natural drugs were searched. The autophagy mechanisms of these substances in the treatments of divers diseases have been summarized for the first time, we also looked forward to the clinical application of some of them. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy plays a key function in lots of illnesses, the regulation of autophagy has become one of the important means to prevent and treat these diseases. About 80 compounds and preparations involved in this review have been proved to have therapeutic effects on related diseases through the mechanism of autophagy. Experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that these compounds and preparations could treat these diseases by regulating autophagy. The typical natural products curcumin and tripterine have powerful roles in regulating autophagy and show good and diversified curative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei-Hong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Dalian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - An-Guo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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11
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Antitumor Activity of Rosmarinic Acid-Loaded Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles on HeLa and MCF-7 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183169. [PMID: 34578069 PMCID: PMC8467615 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), one of the most important polyphenol-based antioxidants, has drawn increasing attention because of its remarkable bioactive properties, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antibacterial activities. The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize RA-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles (RA-SFNs) in terms of their physical–chemical features and composition, and to investigate their antitumor activity against human cervical carcinoma and breast cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7). Compared with the free form, RA bioavailability was enhanced when the drug was adsorbed onto the surface of the silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs). The resulting particle diameter was 255 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.187, and the Z-potential was −17 mV. The drug loading content of the RA-SFNs was 9.4 wt.%. Evaluation of the in vitro drug release of RA from RA-SFNs pointed to a rapid release in physiological conditions (50% of the total drug content was released in 0.5 h). Unloaded SFNs exhibited good biocompatibility, with no significant cytotoxicity observed during the first 48 h against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells. In contrast, cell death increased in a concentration-dependent manner after treatment with RA-SFNs, reaching an IC50 value of 1.568 and 1.377 mg/mL on HeLa and MCF-7, respectively. For both cell lines, the IC50 of free RA was higher. The cellular uptake of the nanoparticles studied was increased when RA was loaded on them. The cell cycle and apoptosis studies revealed that RA-SFNs inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis on HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. It is concluded, therefore, that the RA delivery platform based on SFNs improves the antitumor potential of RA in the case of the above cancers.
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Song J, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Li Z, Wan Y, Liu J, Chu X, Wei Q, Zhao M, Yang X. An aqueous extract of Prunella vulgaris L. inhibits the growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma by inducing autophagy in vivo and in vitro. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2691-2702. [PMID: 33440461 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The continued global rise in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) combined with potential adverse effects of regular treatments calls for an alternative therapy. Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) is commonly used as a herbal remedy for thyroid diseases in China, but its influence on PTC is unclear. This study investigated the effect of PV aqueous extract on PTC and its underlying mechanism using a mouse xenograft model and the human PTC cell line K1. PV suppressed tumor growth in PTC-bearing mice at 0.05 and 0.1 g/kg bw, accompanied by improvements in autophagy-related protein expressions in xenografts. In K1 cells, PV inhibited cell growth and induced autophagic flux, manifesting as changes in autophagy-related proteins, the presence of autophagosomes, and a further increase in LC3-II by co-incubation with bafilomycin A1. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine ameliorated the autophagic cell death caused by PV. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activator MHY1485 blocked the antiproliferative activity of PV by regulating mTOR, unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), autophagosomes formation, and autophagy-related proteins. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C attenuated PV-induced inhibition of mTOR. Our results suggest that PV inhibits the growth of PTC in vivo and in vitro via autophagy, which is associated with the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Thus, PV has the potential to function as a therapeutic agent against PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- Institute of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youkun Hu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyin Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafei Liu
- Physical and Chemical Analysis Department, Guangdong Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinzhi Wei
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Institute of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen X, Liu B, Tong R, Ding S, Wu J, Lei Q, Fang W. Improved Stability and Targeted Cytotoxicity of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Palmitate for Anticancer Therapy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:969-977. [PMID: 33393784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although with high antioxidant activity, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was restricted by its poor chemical stability in practical applications. One of EGCG derivatives, EGCG palmitate, was synthesized with EGCG and palmitoyl chloride to overcome instability of EGCG. However, uncertainties still exist in chemical stability and cytotoxicity of EGCG palmitate, which are essential for further exploration in anticancer therapy. Our work aims to analyze the resistance of EGCG palmitate to oxidation and summarize its targeted inhibition efficiency on cancerous cells and normal cells. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed that EGCG palmitate remained stable in air and Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) for a longer time than EGCG. Antioxidative and pro-oxidative effects of EGCG palmitate on treated cells are proposed through reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, respectively. It reveals that pro-oxidants by H2O2 production can exert antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on cancerous cells and stimulate autophagy, while an antioxidant relieves oxidative stress caused by superoxide as compared to normal cells. Consequently, targeted cytotoxicity is adopted by EGCG palmitate-treated cancerous cells. Results above manifest that EGCG palmitate possesses potential to serve as a promising prodrug in anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rongliang Tong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shiping Ding
- The National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qunfang Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wenjun Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Al-Hajm AYS, Ozgun E. Effects of acrylamide on protein degradation pathways in human liver-derived cells and the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine and curcumin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1536-1543. [PMID: 33198515 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1846548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a harmful chemical, and its metabolism occurs mainly in the liver. Acrylamide can form adducts on proteins. Protein homeostasis is vital for metabolic and secretory functions of the liver. No study has investigated the effect of acrylamide on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Also, the effect of acrylamide on autophagy and its regulation is not fully known. We aimed to investigate the effects of acrylamide on the UPS, autophagy, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in HepG2 cells as well as to examine the effects of N-acetylcysteine and curcumin on these parameters in acrylamide-treated cells. HepG2 cells were initially treated with variable concentrations of acrylamide (0.01-0.1-1-10 mM) for 24 hours. Then, HepG2 cells were treated with 5 mM N-acetylcysteine and 6.79 µM curcumin in the presence of 10 mM acrylamide for 24 hours. Cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Ubiquitinated protein, mTOR, microtubule-associated proteins 1 A/1B light chain 3B-II (LC3B-II), and HSP70 levels were measured by immunoblotting. Acrylamide at 10 mM concentration, without any significant change at lower concentrations, caused an increase in ubiquitinated protein, LC3B-II, and HSP70 levels and a decrease in mTOR phosphorylation. Furthermore, 5 mM N-acetylcysteine caused a decrease in ubiquitinated protein and HSP70 levels; however, 6.79 µM curcumin did not affect 10 mM in acrylamide-treated cells. Our study showed that acrylamide at high concentration inhibits UPS and mTOR, activates autophagy, and increases HSP70 levels in HepG2 cells, and N-acetylcysteine reduces UPS inhibition and HSP70 levels in acrylamide-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eray Ozgun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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Zeng M, Chen Y, Jia X, Liu Y. The Anti-Apoptotic Role of EBV-LMP1 in Lymphoma Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8801-8811. [PMID: 33061576 PMCID: PMC7519810 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s260583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been indicated in the development of some tumors, including lymphoma. However, the potential role of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) encoded by EBV in the tumorigenesis of lymphoma remains debated. Herein, we examined the function of LMP1 in lymphoma. Methods The expression of LMP1 was downregulated or upregulated in EBV negative cell line SNT-8 and positive cell line KHYG-1, respectively. Subsequently, the cell viability, apoptosis, as well as the expression patterns of p53, mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and NF-κB were evaluated. Next, the binding relationship between MDM2 and p53 along with p53 ubiquitination in cells was tested by Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation. Finally, the effects of LMP1 on lymphoma cell growth through p53, Bcl-2 and NF-κB pathways were verified by functional rescue experiments. Results Overexpression of LMP1 promoted KHYG-1 cell growth and inhibited cell apoptosis. Moreover, LMP1 upregulation significantly enhanced the activation of NF-κB pathway, thus increasing MDM2 binding to p53, leading to p53 ubiquitination and degradation as well as Bcl-2 expression enhancement. Further inhibition of the NF-κB pathway or Bcl-2 expression significantly weakened the promotive role of LMP1 in the growth of KHYG-1 cells. Conclusion EBV-LMP1 promoted the p53 ubiquitination and degradation by activating NF-κB signaling pathway and the following binding of MDM2 and p53 in cells to enhance Bcl-2 expression, thus promoting the growth of lymphoma cells and inhibiting cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zeng
- Pathology Teaching and Research Section, Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintao Jia
- Department of Pathology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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