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Herb-Derived Products: Natural Tools to Delay and Counteract Stem Cell Senescence. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8827038. [PMID: 33101419 PMCID: PMC7568162 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8827038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays a very important role in organismal aging increasing with age and in age-related diseases (ARDs). This process involves physiological, structural, biochemical, and molecular changes of cells, leading to a characteristic trait referred to "senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)." In particular, with aging, stem cells (SCs) in situ exhibit a diminished capacity of self-renewal and show a decline in their functionality. The identification of interventions able to prevent the accumulation of senescent SCs in the organism or to pretreat cultured multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) prior to employing them for cell therapy is a main purpose of medical research. Many approaches have been investigated and resulted effective to prevent or counteract SC senescence in humans, as well as other animal models. In this work, we have reviewed the chance of using a number of herb-derived products as novel tools in the treatment of cell senescence, highlighting the efficacy of these agents, often still far from being clearly understood.
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Cai SZ, Zhou Y, Liu J, Li CP, Jia DY, Zhang MS, Wang YP. Alleviation of ginsenoside Rg1 on hematopoietic homeostasis defects caused by lead-acetate. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1204-1211. [PMID: 29145145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is one of the potential targets of lead intoxication. Recognition of the lead-related deleterious outcomes promotes us to explore the potential therapeutic intervention. Here, we show that ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), extracted from the Chinese herb Panax ginseng, remarkably ameliorates the lead acetate-caused hematological index distortion as well as advanced hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) aging and aging associated inflammation response. Specifically, Rg1 administration alleviated the increment of aging associated p53-p21-Rb signaling in aged HSCs induced by lead acetate. It also led a reduction of the lead acetate-induced increased inflammation level in blood plasma, which also partly contribute the aged HSCs rejuvenation. In conclusion, our results indicate that ginsenoside Rg1 therapeutically alleviated the essential blood deficits and advanced HSCs aging by lead acetate exposure, by which it could be viewed as a potential candidate for lead acetate-caused blood toxicity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhong Cai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, The Chidren's Hospital of Sochoow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dali University, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Li
- Institute of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dao-Yong Jia
- Institute of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Meng-Si Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Ferrie JP, Rolf K, Troesken W. Cognitive disparities, lead plumbing, and water chemistry: prior exposure to water-borne lead and intelligence test scores among World War Two U.S. Army enlistees. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2012; 10:98-111. [PMID: 22014834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Higher prior exposure to water-borne lead among male World War Two U.S. Army enlistees was associated with lower intelligence test scores. Exposure was proxied by urban residence and the water pH levels of the cities where enlistees lived in 1930. Army General Classification Test scores were six points lower (nearly 1/3 standard deviation) where pH was 6 (so the water lead concentration for a given amount of lead piping was higher) than where pH was 7 (so the concentration was lower). This difference rose with time exposed. At this time, the dangers of exposure to lead in water were not widely known and lead was ubiquitous in water systems, so these results are not likely the effect of individuals selecting into locations with different levels of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Ferrie
- Department of Economics and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-2600, USA.
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Oszlánczi G, Papp A, Szabó A, Nagymajtényi L, Sápi A, Kónya Z, Paulik E, Vezér T. Nervous system effects in rats on subacute exposure by lead-containing nanoparticles via the airways. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 23:173-81. [PMID: 21456951 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.553248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal harmful for human health and environment. From leaded gasoline (still used in certain countries), and in Pb processing and reprocessing industries, airborne particles are emitted which can be inhaled. In such exposure, the size of particles entering the airways is crucial. The nervous system is a primary target for Pb, and consequences like occupational neuropathy and delayed mental development of children are well-known. The aim of this work was to investigate the neurotoxicity of Pb nanoparticles (NPs) applied into the airways of rats. METHODS Nano-sized lead oxide particles (mean diameter ca. 20 nm) were suspended in distilled water and instilled into the trachea of adult male Wistar rats (in doses equivalent to 2 and 4 mg/kg Pb), 5 times a week for 3 and 6 weeks. At the end, open field motility was tested, then central and peripheral nervous activity was recorded in urethane anesthesia. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The treated rats' body weight gain was significantly lower than that of the controls from the 3rd week onwards, and the weight of their lungs was significantly increased. Horizontal motility increased while vertical motility decreased. Spontaneous cortical activity was shifted to higher frequencies. The somatosensory cortical evoked potential showed increased latency and decreased frequency-following ability, and similar alterations were seen in the tail nerve. Significant Pb deposition was measured in blood, brain, lung and liver samples of the treated rats. The experiments performed seem to constitute an adequate model of the human effects of inhaled Pb NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Oszlánczi
- Department of Public Health, University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary.
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Wang L, Xun P, Zhao Y, Wang X, Qian L, Chen F. Effects of lead exposure on sperm concentrations and testes weight in male rats: a meta-regression analysis. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2008; 71:454-463. [PMID: 18306093 DOI: 10.1080/15287390701839331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between exposure to lead (PB) and sperm concentrations and testes weight are important in risk assessment of metal toxicity to male reproductive functions. The authors carried out two systematic reviews and meta-analyses of rats. In addition, a meta-regression analysis was taken to explore a dose-response relationship between the mean difference of testes weight (MD(testes)) and available confounding factors. Data were obtained from computerized literature searches of several databases from their inception through December 2005. The reference lists of identified articles were examined further for relevant articles. The authors identified 6 and 12 studies, separated into 16 and 28 subgroups, in the two meta-analyses. The authors conducted random- or fixed-effect models toward the effect size. Heterogeneity between study results was explored through chi-square tests and meta-regression. Results showed that a decrease in sperm concentrations was found as low as mean difference of sperm concentrations (MD(sperm)) = 30.9 and 95%CI = (25.43-36.37) in a fixed-effect model or MD(sperm) = 35.47 and 95%CI = (15.27-55.68) in a random-effect model after Pb exposure. Similarly, a significantly lower testes weight was also evident: MD(testes) = 0.033 and 95%CI = (0.021-0.046) in a fixed-effect model or MD(testes) = 0.047 and 95%CI = (0.0044-0.089) in a random-effect model. In the meta-regression analysis, two confounders, age and body weight, explained part of the observed heterogeneity. The body weight after Pb exposure was inversely associated with MD(testes). These findings support the notion that Pb exposure produced decreased sperm concentrations and testes weight in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Geraldine M, Herman DS, Venkatesh T. Lead poisoning as a result of infertility treatment using herbal remedies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2006; 275:279-81. [PMID: 16947057 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-006-0227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lead poisoning remains a major problem in our society due to the lack of awareness of its ill effects among the clinical community. The non-availability of blood lead levels at primary health centers results in many lead-poisoned cases being treated symptomatically, without the diagnosis being sought. CASE REPORT We report a case here, presenting with colicky abdominal pain receiving symptomatic treatment initially; lead poisoning was confirmed following the estimation of blood lead levels. DISCUSSION The consumption of unbranded herbal medicines as a causative factor for lead poisoning was confirmed by high lead content in the medicines. Surely, this demands public health programs to disseminate strategies to the medical personnel about the clinical implication of lead poisoning, as well as the general public for awareness and to prevent lead poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menezes Geraldine
- National Referral Centre for Lead Poisoning in India (NRCLPI), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, St. John's Medical College, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Koramangala, Bangalore, 560 034 Karnataka, India.
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Sokol RZ, Berman N, Okuda H, Raum W. Effects of lead exposure on GnRH and LH secretion in male rats: response to castration and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) challenge. Reprod Toxicol 1998; 12:347-55. [PMID: 9628557 DOI: 10.1016/s0890-6238(98)00014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal and clinical studies suggest that lead exposure disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. To define more precisely the toxic action of lead on the hypothalamic-pituitary unit, a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed. The first experiment was designed to determine whether lead exposure exerts an inhibitory effect on GnRH secretion as reflected by an enhanced inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in response to the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT). In the control animals, the AMPT dose had no significant effect on LH secretion, whereas LH fell significantly in the lead-treated animals. In experiments designed to evaluate the effects of lead exposure on the pattern of pulsatile release of gonadotropins castrated control and lead-dosed animals were cannulated, and serial blood sampling was performed. Baseline LH and follicle-stimulating hormone values were not statistically different between the control and lead-treated group. There were no significant differences noted in pulsatile patterns when the data were analyzed as groups. Pituitary cells harvested from lead-treated animals released significantly more LH that did the control animals. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the signals between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are disrupted by lead exposure in the intact animal. However, the lead-exposed castrated rat's hypothalamic-pituitary unit is able to adapt to the toxic effects of lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Z Sokol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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Awasthi S, Awasthi R, Pande VK, Srivastav RC, Frumkin H. Blood lead in pregnant women in the urban slums of Lucknow, India. Occup Environ Med 1996; 53:836-40. [PMID: 9004930 PMCID: PMC1128618 DOI: 10.1136/oem.53.12.836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the concentrations of blood lead (PbB) in pregnant women in the slums of Lucknow, north India. METHODS Of the 203 designated municipal slums in Lucknow, 70 were randomly selected for study and a cohort of 500 pregnant women was enrolled. Each participant was interviewed with questions on possible sources of exposure to lead, surrogates of nutritional status were measured, and PbB was measured. RESULTS The mean PbB was 14.3 micrograms/dl and 19.2% of women had PbB > or = 20 micrograms/dl. PbB was not associated with age, height, weight, gestation, or history of abortions, although higher PbB was associated with higher parity. Women living inner city neighbourhoods near heavy vehicular traffic had PbB 2.2 micrograms/dl higher (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.8 to 3.6) than those living in other neighbourhoods. The PbB was not associated with reported use of piped water or the presence of paint in homes, and increasing PbB was unexpectedly associated with decreasing use of eye cosmetic "surma" and the duration of gestation. CONCLUSIONS The high PbB found in this population raises concern about fetal development and points to the urgent need to reduce exposure to lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Awasthi
- Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India
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Maldonado-Vega M, Cerbón-Solorzano J, Albores-Medina A, Hernández-Luna C, Calderón-Salinas JV. Lead: intestinal absorption and bone mobilization during lactation. Hum Exp Toxicol 1996; 15:872-7. [PMID: 8938481 DOI: 10.1177/096032719601501102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine lead (Pb) intestinal absorption, its mobilization and redistribution during lactation in rats chronically exposed to lead. Lead and calcium (Ca) concentrations were measured in blood, milk, femurs, liver and kidney samples obtained from pregnant and lactating mother rats which were subjected to different schedules of exposure to Pb: 158 days before and during lactation (group A), 144 days before lactation (group B) and 14 days only during lactation (group C). Results were compared to those of non-pregnant but Pb-exposed matched rats and non-exposed control rats. In groups A and B during lactation, Pb in blood (PbB), liver and kidney increased while Pb in bone decreased. Since there was not an external source of Pb in group B during lactation, the results indicate resorption of Pb in bone as the main source of Pb in the organism. In group A, there was an additional increase of PbB when compared to group B as a result of Pb intestinal absorption. In group C a significant increase in PbB due to intestinal absorption and deposit in bone was found when compared to non-pregnant 144 days old rats, suggesting that the three processes intestinal absorption, bone resorption and bone absorption were taking place. These data indicate that Pb stored in bone as a result of prior maternal exposure, should be considered as a major source of self intoxication and of Pb in milk available to suckling pups.
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Pinon-Lataillade G, Thoreux-Manlay A, Coffigny H, Masse R, Soufir JC. Reproductive toxicity of chronic lead exposure in male and female mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 1995; 14:872-8. [PMID: 8588947 DOI: 10.1177/096032719501401103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive toxicity of lead was investigated in NMRI mice exposed to 0.5% lead acetate in drinking water from day 1 of intra-uterine life until 60 days after birth. Compared with control mice, the weights of lead-exposed fetuses and subsequently of the lead-exposed weaned pups, male and female, diminished by 11 and 13% respectively. The lead-exposed male and female offspring of lead-exposed dams were mated with unexposed females and males, to examine the effect of lead exposure on reproductive function. Male fertility was not affected but reduced female fertility was observed: litters were smaller and a smaller number of implantation sites was found in lead-exposed females. In lead-exposed males, the weights of the body, testes and epididymes diminished by about 13%, and seminal vesicle and ventral prostate weights, by about 29%. Testicular histology and the number and morphology of epididymal spermatozoa were normal. The levels of plasma FSH, LH and testosterone, and of testicular testosterone, were not modified. These results suggest that the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis is not adversely affected by the above lead exposure, and that therefore the decreased seminal vesicle and ventral prostate weights might not be the consequence of reduced testosterone levels. The hypothesis that lead has a direct effect on these organs as well as a secondary effect resulting from possibly reduced food consumption by lead-exposed mice cannot be excluded. Consequently, in male NMRI mice, exposure to lead might affect reproductive function by acting directly and/or indirectly on accessory sex organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pinon-Lataillade
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Département de Pathologie et Toxicologie Expérimentales, Fontenay aux Roses, France
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bellinger
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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