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Herzum A, Gasparini G, Cozzani E, Burlando M, Parodi A. Atypical and Rare Forms of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: The Importance of the Diagnosis for the Best Management of Patients. Dermatology 2021; 238:195-204. [PMID: 34082424 DOI: 10.1159/000515766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune disease with a wide range of clinical and cutaneous manifestations. Along with the well-known typical cutaneous manifestations of LE, some cutaneous manifestations are rarer, but still characteristic, enabling the dermatologist and the general practitioner who know them to suspect cutaneous LE (CLE) and investigate a possible underlying systemic involvement. Indeed, not infrequently a skin manifestation is the first presentation of systemic LE (SLE), and >75% of SLE patients show signs of skin disease during the course of the illness. Especially, SLE involvement occurs in cases of acute CLE, while it is uncommon in subacute CLE and rare in chronic CLE. This review aims to concentrate especially on atypical cutaneous manifestations of LE to enable the clinician to diagnose even the rarest forms of CLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Herzum
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Gasparini
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Specialistic Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cozzani
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Burlando
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
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