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Zhang M, Liu Z, Zhu Y, Wu K, Zhou L, Peng Y, Pan J, Chen B, Wang X, Chen S. Associations of genetic variants within TYK2 with pulmonary tuberculosis among Chinese population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2386. [PMID: 38337161 PMCID: PMC10858315 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a common infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and the present study aims to explore the associations of genetic variants within tyrosine kinases 2 (TYK2) with PTB incidence. METHODS A population-based case control study including 168 smear-positive PTB cases and 251 controls was conducted. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including rs280520, rs91755, rs2304256, rs12720270, rs280519 located within TYK2 gene were selected and MassARRAY® MALDI-TOF system was employed for genotyping. SPSS 19.0 was adopted for statistical analysis, non-conditional logistic regression was conducted. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were computed to estimate their contributions to PTB incidence. RESULTS In the overall study population, rs91755 TT and rs280519 AA genotypes were found to be associated with reduced PTB risk (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16-0.72; OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18-0.79, respectively). After stratification for sex, we found that among the male population, rs91755TG/TT, rs12720270AG/GG and rs280519AG/AA genotypes were associated with reduced PTB risk (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21-0.80; OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.21-0.94; OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21-0.82, respectively). After stratification for age, we found that among those aged <60 years, rs91755TT and rs280519AA genotype were associated with reduced PTB risk (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09-0.90; OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.11-1.08, respectively); while rs2304256AC/AA genotype was associated with increased PTB risk (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.05-6.85). Haplotype analysis revealed that AGAAG and ATCGA (Combined with rs280520, rs91755, rs2304256, rs12720270 and rs280519) were associated with increased (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.01-2.37) and decreased PTB risk (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52-0.94), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The genetic variants located within TYK2 including rs91755, rs12720270 and rs280519 were found to be associated with modified PTB risk and the SNPs had potential to be the biomarkers to predict PTB incidence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwu Zhang
- Tuberculosis Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou CityChina
| | - Zhengwei Liu
- Tuberculosis Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou CityChina
| | - Yelei Zhu
- Tuberculosis Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou CityChina
| | - Kunyang Wu
- Tuberculosis Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou CityChina
| | - Lin Zhou
- Tuberculosis Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou CityChina
| | - Ying Peng
- Tuberculosis Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou CityChina
| | - Junhang Pan
- Tuberculosis Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou CityChina
| | - Bin Chen
- Tuberculosis Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou CityChina
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Tuberculosis Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou CityChina
| | - Songhua Chen
- Tuberculosis Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou CityChina
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Yudhani RD, Pakha DN, Suyatmi S, Irham LM. Identifying pathogenic variants related to systemic lupus erythematosus by integrating genomic databases and a bioinformatic approach. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e37. [PMID: 37813633 PMCID: PMC10584638 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory-autoimmune disease with a complex multi-organ pathogenesis, and it is known to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Various genetic, immunological, endocrine, and environmental factors contribute to SLE. Genomic variants have been identified as potential contributors to SLE susceptibility across multiple continents. However, the specific pathogenic variants that drive SLE remain largely undefined. In this study, we sought to identify these pathogenic variants across various continents using genomic and bioinformatic-based methodologies. We found that the variants rs35677470, rs34536443, rs17849502, and rs13306575 are likely damaging in SLE. Furthermore, these four variants appear to affect the gene expression of NCF2, TYK2, and DNASE1L3 in whole blood tissue. Our findings suggest that these genomic variants warrant further research for validation in functional studies and clinical trials involving SLE patients. We conclude that the integration of genomic and bioinformatic-based databases could enhance our understanding of disease susceptibility, including that of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratih Dewi Yudhani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Dyonisa Nasirochmi Pakha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Suyatmi Suyatmi
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
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3
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Baglaenko Y, Wagner C, Bhoj VG, Brodin P, Gershwin ME, Graham D, Invernizzi P, Kidd KK, Korsunsky I, Levy M, Mammen AL, Nizet V, Ramirez-Valle F, Stites EC, Williams MS, Wilson M, Rose NR, Ladd V, Sirota M. Making inroads to precision medicine for the treatment of autoimmune diseases: Harnessing genomic studies to better diagnose and treat complex disorders. CAMBRIDGE PRISMS. PRECISION MEDICINE 2023; 1:e25. [PMID: 38550937 PMCID: PMC10953750 DOI: 10.1017/pcm.2023.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Precision Medicine is an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle. Autoimmune diseases are those in which the body's natural defense system loses discriminating power between its own cells and foreign cells, causing the body to mistakenly attack healthy tissues. These conditions are very heterogeneous in their presentation and therefore difficult to diagnose and treat. Achieving precision medicine in autoimmune diseases has been challenging due to the complex etiologies of these conditions, involving an interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. However, recent technological and computational advances in molecular profiling have helped identify patient subtypes and molecular pathways which can be used to improve diagnostics and therapeutics. This review discusses the current understanding of the disease mechanisms, heterogeneity, and pathogenic autoantigens in autoimmune diseases gained from genomic and transcriptomic studies and highlights how these findings can be applied to better understand disease heterogeneity in the context of disease diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Graham
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Kenneth K. Kidd
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Michael Levy
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew L. Mammen
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Edward C. Stites
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Michael Wilson
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noel R. Rose
- Autoimmune Association, Clinton Township, MI, USA
| | | | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
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4
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Regulation of activated T cell survival in rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:232-244. [PMID: 35075294 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses rely on the proliferation of T lymphocytes able to recognize and eliminate pathogens. The magnitude and duration of the expansion of activated T cell clones are finely regulated to minimize immunopathology and avoid autoimmunity. In patients with rheumatic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, activated lymphocytes survive and exert effector functions for prolonged periods, defying the mechanisms that normally curb their capacities during acute and chronic infections. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that limit the duration of immune responses in health and discuss the factors that alter such regulation in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. We highlight defects that could contribute to the development and progression of autoimmune disease and describe how chronic inflammation can alter the regulation of activated lymphocyte survival, promoting its perpetuation. These concepts might contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the chronicity of inflammation in the context of autoimmunity.
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5
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Pellenz FM, Dieter C, Duarte GCK, Canani LH, de Souza BM, Crispim D. The rs2304256 Polymorphism in TYK2 Gene Is Associated with Protection for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:899-908. [PMID: 34225445 PMCID: PMC8640150 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a candidate gene for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) since it plays an important role in regulating apoptotic and pro-inflammatory pathways in pancreatic β-cells through modulation of the type I interferon signaling pathway. The rs2304256 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TYK2 gene has been associated with protection for different autoimmune diseases. However, to date, only two studies have evaluated the association between this SNP and T1DM, with discordant results. This study thus aimed to investigate the association between the TYK2 rs2304256 SNP and T1DM in a Southern Brazilian population. METHODS This case-control study comprised 478 patients with T1DM and 518 non-diabetic subjects. The rs2304256 (C/A) SNP was genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction technique using TaqMan minor groove binder (MGB) probes. RESULTS Genotype and allele frequencies of the rs2304256 SNP differed between T1DM patients and non-diabetic subjects (P<0.0001 and P=0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the A allele was associated with protection against T1DM under recessive (odds ratio [OR], 0.482; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.288 to 0.806) and additive (OR, 0.470; 95% CI, 0.278 to 0.794) inheritance models, adjusting for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR/DQ genotypes, gender, and ethnicity. CONCLUSION The A/A genotype of TYK2 rs2304256 SNP is associated with protection against T1DM in a Southern Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mateus Pellenz
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristine Dieter
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Coutinho Kullmann Duarte
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique Canani
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bianca Marmontel de Souza
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Corresponding author: Daisy Crispim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-9269 Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, prédio 12, 4° Andar, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil E-mail:
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6
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Gallucci S, Meka S, Gamero AM. Abnormalities of the type I interferon signaling pathway in lupus autoimmunity. Cytokine 2021; 146:155633. [PMID: 34340046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs), mostly IFNα and IFNβ, and the type I IFN Signature are important in the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune chronic condition linked to inflammation. Both IFNα and IFNβ trigger a signaling cascade that, through the activation of JAK1, TYK2, STAT1 and STAT2, initiates gene transcription of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs). Noteworthy, other STAT family members and IFN Responsive Factors (IRFs) can also contribute to the activation of the IFN response. Aberrant type I IFN signaling, therefore, can exacerbate SLE by deregulated homeostasis leading to unnecessary persistence of the biological effects of type I IFNs. The etiopathogenesis of SLE is partially known and considered multifactorial. Family-based and genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic and transcriptional abnormalities in key molecules directly involved in the type I IFN signaling pathway, namely TYK2, STAT1 and STAT4, and IRF5. Gain-of-function mutations that heighten IFNα/β production, which in turn maintains type I IFN signaling, are found in other pathologies like the interferonopathies. However, the distinctive characteristics have yet to be determined. Signaling molecules activated in response to type I IFNs are upregulated in immune cell subsets and affected tissues of SLE patients. Moreover, Type I IFNs induce chromatin remodeling leading to a state permissive to transcription, and SLE patients have increased global and gene-specific epigenetic modifications, such as hypomethylation of DNA and histone acetylation. Epigenome wide association studies (EWAS) highlight important differences between SLE patients and healthy controls in Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs). The combination of environmental and genetic factors may stimulate type I IFN signaling transiently and produce long-lasting detrimental effects through epigenetic alterations. Substantial evidence for the pathogenic role of type I IFNs in SLE advocates the clinical use of neutralizing anti-type I IFN receptor antibodies as a therapeutic strategy, with clinical studies already showing promising results. Current and future clinical trials will determine whether drugs targeting molecules of the type I IFN signaling pathway, like non-selective JAK inhibitors or specific TYK2 inhibitors, may benefit people living with lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gallucci
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Sowmya Meka
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ana M Gamero
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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7
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Pellenz FM, Dieter C, Lemos NE, Bauer AC, Souza BMD, Crispim D. Association of TYK2 polymorphisms with autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive and updated systematic review with meta-analysis. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200425. [PMID: 33949620 PMCID: PMC8097517 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the loss of self-tolerance, leading to
immune-mediated tissue destruction and chronic inflammation. Tyrosine kinase 2
(TYK2) protein plays a key role in immunity and apoptosis pathways. Studies have
reported associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the
TYK2 gene and autoimmune diseases; however, results are
still inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a systematic review followed by
meta-analysis. A literature search was performed to find studies that
investigated associations between TYK2 SNPs and autoimmune
diseases (multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn’s disease,
ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and
inflammatory bowel disease). Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95 % CI were
calculated using random (REM) or fixed (FEM) effects models in the Stata 11.0
Software. Thirty-four articles were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analyses,
comprising 9 different SNPs: rs280496, rs280500, rs280523, rs280519, rs2304256,
rs12720270, rs12720356, rs34536443, and rs35018800. Meta-analysis results showed
the minor alleles of rs2304256, rs12720270, rs12720356, rs34536443, and
rs35018800 SNPs were associated with protection against autoimmune diseases.
Moreover, the A allele of the rs280519 SNP was associated with risk for systemic
lupus erythematosus. Our meta-analyses demonstrated that the rs2304256,
rs12720270, rs12720356, rs34536443, rs35018800, and rs280519 SNPs in the
TYK2 gene are associated with different autoimmune
diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mateus Pellenz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristine Dieter
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Emerim Lemos
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea Carla Bauer
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Nefrologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Marmontel de Souza
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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8
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Enerbäck C, Sandin C, Lambert S, Zawistowski M, Stuart PE, Verma D, Tsoi LC, Nair RP, Johnston A, Elder JT. The psoriasis-protective TYK2 I684S variant impairs IL-12 stimulated pSTAT4 response in skin-homing CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7043. [PMID: 29728633 PMCID: PMC5935702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) belongs to the Janus kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases, which transmit signals from activated cytokine receptors. GWAS have consistently implicated TYK2 in psoriasis susceptibility. We performed an in-depth association analysis of TYK2 using GWAS and resequencing data. Strong genetic association of three nonsynonymous variants in the exonic regions of the TYK2 gene (rs34536443, rs12720356, and rs2304256) were found. rs12720356 encoding I684S is predicted to be deleterious based on its location in the pseudokinase domain. We analyzed PBMCs from 29 individuals representing the haplotypes containing each of the significantly associated signals. STAT4 phosphorylation was evaluated by phospho-flow cytometry after CD3/CD28 activation of cells followed by IL-12 stimulation. Individuals carrying the protective I684S variant manifested significantly reduced p-STAT4 levels in CD4 + CD25 + CD45RO+ (mean Stimulation Index (S.I.) 48.08, n = 10) and CD8 + CD25 + CD45RO + cells (S.I. 55.71, n = 10), compared to controls homozygous for the ancestral haplotype (S.I. 68.19, n = 10 (p = 0.002) and 76.76 n = 10 (p = 0.0008) respectively). Reduced p-STAT4 levels were also observed in skin-homing, cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen (CLA)-positive CD4 and CD8 cells from I684S carriers. No significant changes in p-STAT4 for the psoriasis-associated variant rs34536443 was found. These data establish the functional significance of the TYK2 I684S variant in psoriasis susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Enerbäck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Ingrid Asp Psoriasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - C Sandin
- Ingrid Asp Psoriasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Zawistowski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D Verma
- Ingrid Asp Psoriasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - L C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R P Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Johnston
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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