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Asgary S, Eghbal MJ, Shamszadeh S. Advancements and challenges in stem/progenitor cell transplantation for dentin-pulp regeneration: a systematic review of animal studies (part I). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2024; 13:110-131. [PMID: 39021372 PMCID: PMC11249669 DOI: 10.62347/hene2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Dentin-pulp regeneration through stem/progenitor cell transplantation represents a promising frontier in regenerative endodontics. This systematic review meticulously evaluates animal studies to investigate the efficacy of stem cell therapy in repairing/regenerating the dentine-pulp complex in mature/immature animal teeth. Employing a comprehensive electronic search of PubMed and Scopus databases up to October 2023, relevant English studies were identified/assessed. Evaluation parameters encompassed radiographic and histological assessments of dentin-pulp complex formation. Outcome measures included pulp-like and dentin-like tissues regeneration, apical healing, dentin thickening, apical closure, and dentinal bridge formation. The risk-of-bias assessment adhered to the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) guidelines. Out of 3250 identified articles, 23 animal experiments were included, categorized into regenerative procedures in mature teeth (n=11), regenerative procedures in immature teeth (n=4), and vital pulp therapy (n=8). Despite the promising potential, the bias in the included studies was high. Notably, Various scaffolds, and growth factors were employed, highlighting the heterogeneity across the studies. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and bone marrow stem cells, especially specific subfractions, demonstrated notable regenerative potential: hypoxic conditions and extracellular vesicles from preconditioned DPSCs enhanced regeneration, with considerations of cell fate. Donor age impacted regeneration, and challenges persisted in pulpotomy and direct pulp capping. Scaffold and growth factor choices influenced outcomes, underscoring the need for standardized strategies. Despite the promise, clinical viability faces hurdles, necessitating further investigation into adverse effects, optimized scaffolds, and regulatory considerations. This systematic review illuminates the potential of stem cell transplantation for dentin-pulp complex regeneration. The overall evidence quality, influenced by study heterogeneity and biases, underscores the need for cautious interpretation of findings. Future studies should refine methodologies and establish reliable histological parameters for meaningful advancements in dentin-pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Jafar Eghbal
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehran, Iran
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Zhang W, Han B, Zhang H, Fu R, Lu Y, Zhang G. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of cortical neurons reveals dysregulated lipid metabolism, enhanced glycolysis and activated HIF-1 signaling pathways in acute hypoxia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14949. [PMID: 37025787 PMCID: PMC10070144 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is the main oxygen-consuming organ and is vulnerable to ischemic shock or insufficient blood perfusion. Brain hypoxia has a persistent and detrimental effect on resident neurons. Previous studies have identified alterations in genes and metabolites in ischemic brain shock by single omics, but the adaptive systems that neurons use to cope with hypoxia remain uncovered. In the present study, we constructed an acute hypoxia model and performed a multi-omics analysis from RNA-sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics on exploring potentially differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites (DEMs) in primary cortical neurons under severe acute hypoxic conditions. The TUNEL assay showed acute hypoxia-induced apoptosis in cortical neurons. Omics analysis identified 564 DEGs and 46 DEMs categorized in the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database. Integrative pathway analysis highlighted that dysregulated lipid metabolism, enhanced glycolysis, and activated HIF-1 signaling pathways could regulate neuron physiology and pathophysiology under hypoxia. These findings may help us understand the transcriptional and metabolic mechanisms by which cortical neurons respond to hypoxia and identify potential targets for neuron protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Bo Han
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yinzhong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
- Corresponding author. Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xianxia Rd 720, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xianxia Rd 1111, Shanghai 200336, China.
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Stančin P, Song MS, Alajbeg I, Mitrečić D. Human Oral Mucosa Stem Cells Increase Survival of Neurons Affected by In Vitro Anoxia and Improve Recovery of Mice Affected by Stroke Through Time-limited Secretion of miR-514A-3p. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01276-7. [PMID: 36083390 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The success rate of regenerative medicine largely depends on the type of stem cells applied in such procedures. Consequently, to achieve the needed level for clinical standardization, we need to investigate the viability of accessible sources with sufficient quantity of cells. Since the oral region partly originates from the neural crest, which naturally develops in niche with decreased levels of oxygen, the main goal of this work was to test if human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSC) might be used to treat neurons damaged by anoxia. Here we show that hOMSC are more resistant to anoxia than human induced pluripotent stem cells and that they secrete BDNF, GDNF, VEGF and NGF. When hOMSC were added to human neurons damaged by anoxia, they significantly improved their survival. This regenerative capability was at least partly achieved through miR-514A-3p and SHP-2 and it decreased in hOMSC exposed to neural cells for 14 or 28 days. In addition, the beneficial effect of hOMSC were also confirmed in mice affected by stroke. Hence, in this work we have confirmed that hOMSC, in a time-limited manner, improve the survival of anoxia-damaged neurons and significantly contribute to the recovery of experimental animals following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Stančin
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Alajbeg
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine and University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Long-term hypoxia inhibits the passage-dependent stemness decrease and senescence increase of human dental pulp stem cells. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Preconditioning: A New Strategy to Improve Neuroprotective Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042088. [PMID: 35216215 PMCID: PMC8878691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases represent one of the main causes of disability in human life. Consequently, investigating new strategies capable of improving the quality of life in neurological patients is necessary. For decades, researchers have been working to improve the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) therapy based on MSCs’ regenerative and immunomodulatory properties and multilinear differentiation potential. Therefore, strategies such as MSCs preconditioning are useful to improve their application to restore damaged neuronal circuits following neurological insults. This review is focused on preconditioning MSCs therapy as a potential application to major neurological diseases. The aim of our work is to summarize both the in vitro and in vivo studies that demonstrate the efficacy of MSC preconditioning on neuronal regeneration and cell survival as a possible application to neurological damage.
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Hypoxia, a dynamic tool to amplify the gingival mesenchymal stem cells potential for neurotrophic factor secretion. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3568-3576. [PMID: 35844419 PMCID: PMC9280216 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have significant regenerative potential. Their potential applications range from the treatment of inflammatory diseases, wound healing, and oral disorders. Preconditioning these stem cells can optimize their biological properties. Hypoxia preconditioning of MSCs improves stem cell properties like proliferation, survival, and differentiation potential. This research explored the possible impact of hypoxia on the pluripotent stem cell properties that GMSCs possess. We evaluated the morphology, stemness, neurotrophic factors, and stemness-related genes. We compared the protein levels of secreted neurotrophic factors between normoxic and hypoxic GMSC-conditioned media (GMSC-CM). Results revealed that hypoxic cultured GMSC’s had augmented expression of neurotrophic factors BDNF, GDNF, VEGF, and IGF1 and stemness-related gene NANOG. Hypoxic GMSCs showed decreased expression of the OCT4 gene. In hypoxic GMSC-CM, the neurotrophic factors secretions were significantly higher than normoxic GMSC-CM. Our data demonstrate that culturing of GMSCs in hypoxia enhances the secretion of neurotrophic factors that can lead to neuronal lineage differentiation.
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Zayed M, Iohara K, Watanabe H, Ishikawa M, Tominaga M, Nakashima M. Characterization of stable hypoxia-preconditioned dental pulp stem cells compared with mobilized dental pulp stem cells for application for pulp regenerative therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:302. [PMID: 34051821 PMCID: PMC8164249 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been developed as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for regeneration of dental pulp and other tissues. However, further strategies to isolate highly functional DPSCs beyond the colony-forming methods are required. We have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of DPSCs isolated by G-CSF-induced mobilization and cultured under normoxia (mobilized DPSCs, MDPSCs) for pulp regeneration. The device for isolation of MDPSCs, however, is not cost-effective and requires a prolonged cell culture period. It is well known that MSCs cultured under hypoxic-preconditions improved MSC proliferation activity and stemness. Therefore, in this investigation, we attempted to improve the clinical utility of DPSCs by hypoxia-preconditioned DPSCs (hpDPSCs) compared with MDPSCs to improve the potential clinical utility for pulp regeneration in endodontic dentistry. Methods Colony-forming DPSCs were isolated and preconditioned with hypoxia in a stable closed cultured system and compared with MDPSCs isolated from the individual dog teeth. We examined the proliferation rate, migration potential, anti-apoptotic activity, and gene expression of the stem cell markers and angiogenic/neurotrophic factors. Trophic effects of the conditioned medium (CM) were also evaluated. In addition, the expression of immunomodulatory molecules upon stimulation with IFN-γ was investigated. The pulp regenerative potential and transplantation safety of hpDPSCs were further assessed in pulpectomized teeth in dogs by histological and immunohistochemical analyses and by chemistry of the blood and urine tests. Results hpDPSCs demonstrated higher proliferation rate and expression of a major regulator of oxygen homeostasis, HIF-1α, and a stem cell marker, CXCR-4. The direct migratory activity of hpDPSCs in response to G-CSF was significantly higher than MDPSCs. The CM of hpDPSCs stimulated neurite extension. However, there were no changes in angiogenic, migration, and anti-apoptotic activities compared with the CM of MDPSCs. The expression of immunomodulatory gene, PTGE was significantly upregulated by IFN gamma in hpDPSCs compared with MDPSCs. However, no difference in nitric oxide was observed. The regenerated pulp tissue was quantitatively and qualitatively similar in hpDPSC transplants compared with MDPSC transplants in dog teeth. There was no evidence of toxicity or adverse events of the hpDPSC transplantation. Conclusions These results demonstrated that the efficacy of hpDPSCs for pulp regeneration was identical, although hpDPSCs improved stem cell properties compared to MDPSCs, suggesting their potential clinical utility for pulp regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02240-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zayed
- Research Institute, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.,Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Research Institute, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikawa
- Air Water Group, Aeras Bio Inc., Kobe, Hyogo, 650-047, Japan
| | - Michiyo Tominaga
- Research Institute, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Research Institute, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan. .,Air Water Group, Aeras Bio Inc., Kobe, Hyogo, 650-047, Japan.
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Yin JY, Luo XH, Feng WQ, Miao SH, Ning TT, Lei Q, Jiang T, Ma DD. Multidifferentiation potential of dental-derived stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:342-365. [PMID: 34136070 PMCID: PMC8176842 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i5.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth-related diseases and tooth loss are widespread and are a major public health issue. The loss of teeth can affect chewing, speech, appearance and even psychology. Therefore, the science of tooth regeneration has emerged, and attention has focused on tooth regeneration based on the principles of tooth development and stem cells combined with tissue engineering technology. As undifferentiated stem cells in normal tooth tissues, dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), which are a desirable source of autologous stem cells, play a significant role in tooth regeneration. Researchers hope to reconstruct the complete tooth tissues with normal functions and vascularization by utilizing the odontogenic differentiation potential of DMSCs. Moreover, DMSCs also have the ability to differentiate towards cells of other tissue types due to their multipotency. This review focuses on the multipotential capacity of DMSCs to differentiate into various tissues, such as bone, cartilage, tendon, vessels, neural tissues, muscle-like tissues, hepatic-like tissues, eye tissues and glands and the influence of various regulatory factors, such as non-coding RNAs, signaling pathways, inflammation, aging and exosomes, on the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of DMSCs in tooth regeneration. The application of DMSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering will be improved if the differentiation characteristics of DMSCs can be fully utilized, and the factors that regulate their differentiation can be well controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yao Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing-Hong Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Qing Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng-Hong Miao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Ning
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
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9
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Kim D, Lee AE, Xu Q, Zhang Q, Le AD. Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Application in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667221. [PMID: 33936109 PMCID: PMC8085523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been isolated and characterized from human gingival tissues (GMSCs). Similar to MSCs derived from other sources of tissues, e.g. bone marrow, adipose or umbilical cord, GMSCs also possess multipotent differentiation capacities and potent immunomodulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immune cells through the secretion of various types of bioactive factors with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory functions. Uniquely, GMSCs are highly proliferative and have the propensity to differentiate into neural cell lineages due to the neural crest-origin. These properties have endowed GMSCs with potent regenerative and therapeutic potentials in various preclinical models of human disorders, particularly, some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, skin diseases, oral and maxillofacial disorders, and peripheral nerve injuries. All types of cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, that play critical roles in cell-cell communication through their cargos containing a variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Like EVs released by other sources of MSCs, GMSC-derived EVs have been shown to possess similar biological functions and therapeutic effects on several preclinical diseases models as GMSCs, thus representing a promising cell-free platform for regenerative therapy. Taken together, due to the easily accessibility and less morbidity of harvesting gingival tissues as well as the potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions, GMSCs represent a unique source of MSCs of a neural crest-origin for potential application in tissue engineering and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alisa E Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qilin Xu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qunzhou Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anh D Le
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center of Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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He J, Huang Y, Liu J, Ge L, Tang X, Lu M, Hu Z. Hypoxic conditioned promotes the proliferation of human olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells and relevant lncRNA and mRNA analysis. Life Sci 2020; 265:118861. [PMID: 33301811 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS LncRNAs are involved in many biological processes, and hypoxia contributed to the alterations of lncRNAs. Hypoxic preconditioned olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) exerted stronger anti-apoptotic ability in models of disease, but the molecules that controlled different biological characteristics of human OM-MSCs between hypoxic and normoxic conditions were unclear. The present study was aimed to explore the molecules that controlled different biological characteristics of human OM-MSCs between hypoxic and normoxic conditions. MAIN METHODS LncRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles of human OM-MSCs between hypoxic (3%) and normoxic conditions were analyzed by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis, bioinformatics analysis on these data were further performed. Moreover, loss-of function assay was conducted to investigate the impact of hypoxic condition on the proliferation and apoptosis of OM-MSCs. KEY FINDINGS Through the comparative analysis and bioinformatics analysis, a total of 1741 lncRNAs and 1603 mRNAs were significant differentially expressed in the hypoxia group compared with normoxia group. Enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes of human OM-MSCs mainly participated in cell cycle regulation, secretin of cytokines and so on. Meanwhile, hypoxic condition significantly promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of human OM-MSCs, following loss-of-function assays confirmed that lncRNA DARS-AS1 were involved in this regulatory process by hypoxic condition. Further prediction of targeted genes and the construction of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network enriched the significance regarding the mechanism of DARS-AS1. SIGNIFICANCE Altogether, these findings provided a new perspective for understanding the molecules expression patterns in hypoxia that contributed to corresponding phenotype alterations of OM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Lite Ge
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China.
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Shanbhag S, Suliman S, Bolstad AI, Stavropoulos A, Mustafa K. Xeno-Free Spheroids of Human Gingiva-Derived Progenitor Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:968. [PMID: 32974308 PMCID: PMC7466771 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingiva has been identified as a minimally invasive source of multipotent progenitor cells (GPCs) for use in bone tissue engineering (BTE). To facilitate clinical translation, it is important to characterize GPCs in xeno-free cultures. Recent evidence indicates several advantages of three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) over conventional 2D monolayers. The present study aimed to characterize human GPCs in xeno-free 2D cultures, and to test their osteogenic potential in 3D cultures, in comparison to bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs). Primary GPCs and BMSCs were expanded in human platelet lysate (HPL) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) and characterized based on in vitro proliferation, immunophenotype and multi-lineage differentiation. Next, 3D spheroids of GPCs and BMSCs were formed via self-assembly and cultured in HPL. Expression of stemness- (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG) and osteogenesis-related markers (BMP2, RUNX2, OPN, OCN) was assessed at gene and protein levels in 3D and 2D cultures. The cytokine profile of 3D and 2D GPCs and BMSCs was assessed via a multiplex immunoassay. Monolayer GPCs in both HPL and FBS demonstrated a characteristic MSC-like immunophenotype and multi-lineage differentiation; osteogenic differentiation of GPCs was enhanced in HPL vs. FBS. CD271+ GPCs in HPL spontaneously acquired a neuronal phenotype and strongly expressed neuronal/glial markers. 3D spheroids of GPCs and BMSCs with high cell viability were formed in HPL media. Expression of stemness- and osteogenesis-related genes was significantly upregulated in 3D vs. 2D GPCs/BMSCs; the latter was independent of osteogenic induction. Synthesis of SOX2, BMP2 and OCN was confirmed via immunostaining, and in vitro mineralization via Alizarin red staining. Finally, secretion of several growth factors and chemokines was enhanced in GPC/BMSC spheroids, while that of pro-inflammatory cytokines was reduced, compared to monolayers. In summary, monolayer GPCs expanded in HPL demonstrate enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential, comparable to that of BMSCs. Xeno-free spheroid culture further enhances stemness- and osteogenesis-related gene expression, and cytokine secretion in GPCs, comparable to that of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Shanbhag
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Salwa Suliman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Isine Bolstad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Division of Regenerative Medicine and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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12
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Stefańska K, Mehr K, Wieczorkiewicz M, Kulus M, Angelova Volponi A, Shibli JA, Mozdziak P, Skowroński MT, Antosik P, Jaśkowski JM, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Kempisty B, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M. Stemness Potency of Human Gingival Cells-Application in Anticancer Therapies and Clinical Trials. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081916. [PMID: 32824702 PMCID: PMC7464983 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingivae, as the part of periodontium, are involved in tooth support and possess the ability to heal rapidly, without scar formation. Recently, dental tissues have been identified as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and several populations of MSCs were isolated from the orofacial region, including gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). GMSCs exhibit robust immunomodulatory and differentiation potential and are easily obtainable, which make them promising candidates for cellular therapies. Apart from being tested for application in immunologic- and inflammatory-related disorders and various tissue regeneration, GMSCs promise to be a valuable tool in cancer treatment, especially in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) with the use of targeted therapy, since GMSCs are able to selectively migrate towards the cancerous cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to their ability to uptake and release anti-neoplastic drugs, GMSCs may be transduced with apoptosis-inducing factors and used for cancer growth inhibition. Moreover, GMSCs, as most mammalian cells, secrete exosomes, which are a subset of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40–160 nm, containing DNA, RNA, lipids, metabolites, and proteins. Such GMSCs-derived exosomes may be useful therapeutic tool in cell-free therapy, as well as their culture medium. GMSCs exhibit molecular and stem-cell properties that make them well suited in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stefańska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Mehr
- Department of Gerostomatology and Pathology of Oral Cavity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska St., 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Maria Wieczorkiewicz
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.W.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (P.A.)
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Jamil A. Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, R. Eng. Prestes Maia, 88-Centro, São Paulo 07023-070, Brazil;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7608, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA;
| | - Mariusz T. Skowroński
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.W.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (P.A.)
| | - Jędrzej M. Jaśkowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd St., 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (P.A.)
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-61-8546565
| | - Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska St., 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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13
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Kwon H, Park M, Nepali S, Lew H. Hypoxia-Preconditioned Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescue Optic Nerve Axons Via Differential Roles of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in an Optic Nerve Compression Animal Model. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3362-3375. [PMID: 32524519 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human placenta-derived stem cells (hPSCs) with the therapeutic potential to recover from optic nerve injury have been reported. We have recently demonstrated that hPSCs have protective abilities against hypoxic damage. To improve the capacity of hPSCs, we established a hypoxia-preconditioned strain (HPPCs) using a hypoxic chamber. The hPSCs were exposed to short-term hypoxic conditions of 2.2% O2 and 5.5% CO2. We also performed in vivo experiments to demonstrate the recovery effects of HPPCs using an optic nerve injury rat model. Naïve hPSCs (and HPPCs) were injected into the optic nerve. After 1, 2, or 4 weeks, we analyzed changes in target proteins in the optic nerve tissues. In the retina, GAP43 expression was higher in both groups of naïve hPSCs and HPPCs versus sham controls. Two weeks after injection, all hPSC-injected groups showed recovery of tuj1 expression in damaged retinas. We also determined GFAP expression in retinas using the same model. In optic nerve tissues, HIF-1α levels were significantly lower in the HPPC-injected group 1 week after injury, and Thy-1 levels were higher in the hPSC-injected group at 4 weeks. There was also an enhanced recovery of Thy-1 expression after HPPC injection. In addition, R28 cells exposed to hypoxic conditions showed improved viability through enhanced recovery of HPPCs than naïve hPSCs. VEGF protein was a mediator in the recovery pathway via upregulation of target proteins regulated by HPPCs. Our results suggest that HPPCs may be candidates for cell therapy for the treatment of traumatic optic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarmila Nepali
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Helen Lew
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Silvestro S, Chiricosta L, Gugliandolo A, Pizzicannella J, Diomede F, Bramanti P, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Transcriptomic Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020118. [PMID: 31973135 PMCID: PMC7073771 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) have outstanding characteristics of proliferation and are able to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and neurogenic cell lineages. The extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by hGMSCs contain proteins, lipids, mRNA and microRNA have emerged as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of hGMSCs-derived EVs using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The functional evaluation of the transcriptome highlighted 26 structural protein classes and the presence of "non-coding RNAs". Our results showed that EVs contain several growth factors such as Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGF) implicated in osteoblast differentiation and in angiogenetic process. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis showed the presence of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands and neurotrophins involved in neuronal development. The NGS analysis also identified the presence of several interleukins among which some with anti-inflammatory action. Moreover, the transcriptome profile of EVs contained members of the Wnt family, involved in several biological processes, such as cellular proliferation and tissue regeneration. In conclusion, the huge amount of growth factors included in the hGMSCs-derived EVs could make them a big resource in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Silvestro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.S.); (L.C.); (A.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.S.); (L.C.); (A.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Agnese Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.S.); (L.C.); (A.G.); (P.B.)
| | | | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.); (O.T.)
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.S.); (L.C.); (A.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.); (O.T.)
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.S.); (L.C.); (A.G.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-60-12-8172
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