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Im NR, Kim B, Jung KY, Baek SK. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 induces E-cadherin cleavage in acid-exposed primary human pharyngeal epithelial cells via the ROS/ERK/c-Jun pathway. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:313-322. [PMID: 34973082 PMCID: PMC8770433 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is caused by pharyngeal mucosal damage due to the reflux of gastric contents, including acid, pepsin, and bile juice. Our previous study has demonstrated that LPRD is associated with the cleavage of E-cadherin, which is facilitated by the acid-activated matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7); however, the mechanism by which the acid activates MMP-7 remains unclear.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which MMP-7 is activated in the pharyngeal epithelial cells that are exposed to acid. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in the epithelial cells exposed to acid. To investigate the signaling mechanism of ROS in the expression of MMP-7, the mechanism of action of the mitogen-activated protein kinase was examined. The expression of various signaling factors was determined, according to the presence or absence of each inhibitor in the acid-exposed pharyngeal epithelial cells. To identify changes in the cleavage of E-cadherin, the integrity of the mucosal membrane was assessed using a transepithelial permeability test. We found that acid exposure increased the levels of ROS, phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) 1/2, and phosphorylated-c-Jun (p–c-Jun) in pharyngeal epithelial cells. The ROS inhibitor reduced the expression of p-ERK and MMP-7, while the ERK inhibitor reduced the expression of p–c-Jun and MMP-7. Moreover, the c-Jun inhibitor reduced the expression of MMP-7 and blocked the degradation of E-cadherin. In addition, decrease in the levels of immunostained E-cadherin and increase in transepithelial permeability after acid exposure were collectively alleviated by the inhibitors of ROS, ERK, and c-Jun. The degradation of E-cadherin that occurs after human mucosal cells are exposed to acid appears to be caused by an increase in the expression of MMP-7 via the ROS/ERK/c-Jun pathway, which is thought to be an important mechanism associated with the development of LPRD. Key messages • ROS is triggered when reflux occurs. • ROS regulates the transcription factor c-Jun via the ERK pathway. • The increase in MMP-7 that induces LPRD is induced via the ROS/ERK/c-Jun pathway. • This study revealed for the first time the expression mechanism of MMP-7, which is one of the causes of LPRD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00109-021-02166-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nu-Ri Im
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Anam Hospital, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Anam Hospital, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,College of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yoon Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Anam Hospital, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Kuk Baek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Anam Hospital, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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2
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孟 洁, 冯 国, 王 德, 刘 亚, 蔡 明, 孙 川, 张 庆. [The effect of expression of pepsin in vocal polyps on postoperative curative effect]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2022; 36:14-18. [PMID: 34979612 PMCID: PMC10128228 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective:To investigate the effect of tissue pepsin expression of vocal polyps on the postoperative curative effect. Methods:Retrospectively analyze the data of 112 patients diagnosed with vocal cord polyps and undergone surgery from June 2019 to March 2021. The cases were divided into positive group and negative group according to the immunohistochemical pepsin expression. The preoperative reflux symptom index (RSI) and the reflux finding score (RFS) were compared, and the recovery of the voice acoustic function and postoperative vocal cord morphology were analyzed. Results:Among the postoperative specimens of 112 patients,76 cases were positive for pepsin staining, accounting for 67.9%, and 36 cases were negative, accounting for 32.1%. In the pepsin-positive group, 48 cases of vocal cord morphology returned to normal, and 20 cases remained scar or edema in the operation area, 8 cases of polyps relapsed; in the pepsin-negative group, a total of 32 cases of vocal cord morphology returned to normal, 4 cases of remained scar or edema in the operation area, no relapsed cases, the difference in vocal cord morphology recovery was significant (χ²=8.689, P=0.013). The symptoms of hoarseness improved after 12 weeks. The differences between pre and post operative of G grade, VHI, MPT, fundamental frequency perturbation and amplitude perturbation assessed by GRBAS were significant (P<0.05); postoperative G grade, VHI, MPT, fundamental frequency perturbation and amplitude perturbation were compared between the pepsin-positive group and the pepsin-negative group, and the differences were significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The expression of pepsin in vocal polyps is a significant clinical indicator that affects the acoustic effect and morphological recovery of vocal cords after surgery. For patients with positive expression, acid suppression treatment should be strengthened after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- 洁 孟
- 东南大学医学院附属南京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 南京同仁耳鼻喉医院(南京,211102)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, China
| | - 国建 冯
- 连云港市第二人民医院 连云港市肿瘤医院耳鼻咽喉科Department of Otolaryngology, Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Cancer Hospital
| | - 德望 王
- 东南大学医学院附属南京同仁医院病理科Department of Pathology, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
| | - 亚群 刘
- 东南大学医学院附属南京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 南京同仁耳鼻喉医院(南京,211102)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, China
| | - 明静 蔡
- 东南大学医学院附属南京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 南京同仁耳鼻喉医院(南京,211102)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, China
| | - 川 孙
- 东南大学医学院附属南京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 南京同仁耳鼻喉医院(南京,211102)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, China
| | - 庆翔 张
- 东南大学医学院附属南京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 南京同仁耳鼻喉医院(南京,211102)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, China
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Yu X, Chen R, Wang F, Liu W, Zhang W, Gong M, Wu H, Liu A, Han R, Chen Y, Han D. Pattern recognition receptor-initiated innate immune responses in mouse prostatic epithelial cells‡. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:113-127. [PMID: 33899078 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three major pathogenic states of the prostate, including benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and prostatitis, are related to the local inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the initiation of prostate inflammation remain largely unknown. Given that the innate immune responses of the tissue-specific cells to microbial infection or autoantigens contribute to local inflammation, this study focused on pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-initiated innate immune responses in mouse prostatic epithelial cells (PECs). Primary mouse PECs abundantly expressed Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), TLR4, TLR5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), and IFN-inducible protein 16 (p204 in mouse). These PRRs can be activated by their respective ligands: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin of Gram-negative bacteria for TLR4 and TLR5, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) for TLR3 and MDA5, and herpes simplex virus DNA analog (HSV60) for p204. LPS and flagellin predominantly induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA), interleukin 6 (IL6), chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10). Poly(I:C) and HSV60 predominantly induced the expression of type 1 interferons (IFNA and IFNB) and antiviral proteins: Mx GTPase 1, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, and IFN-stimulated gene 15. The replication of mumps virus in PECs was inhibited by type 1 IFN signaling. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying innate immune response in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Maolei Gong
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aijie Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqin Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daishu Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Tan JJ, Wang L, Mo TT, Dai YF, Lu J, Liu X, Chen HH, Tian WD, Li XP. Establishment of Immortalized Laryngeal Epithelial Cells Transfected with Bmi1. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720908198. [PMID: 32249592 PMCID: PMC7444206 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720908198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary laryngeal epithelial cells are essential to exploring the
mechanisms of laryngeal and voice disorders; however, they are
difficult to study and apply because of their limited life span. The
purpose of this study was to develop a stable and reliable in
vitro model for the comprehensive study of the
pathogenesis of laryngeal and voice diseases. The pLVTHM-Bmi1 plasmid
was constructed and used to immortalize primary laryngeal epithelial
cells by lentiviral infection. The expressions of Bmi1, human
telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), p53, and pRB pathway
proteins were detected by western blotting. Functional characteristics
of the immortalized cell lines were verified by cell senescence
β-galactosidase staining, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine cell proliferation
test, and flow cytometry. We successfully introduced Bmi into human
subglottic (hSG) cells and human ventricle (hV) cells. Both the human
immortalized subglottic Bmi1 (hSG-Bmi1) cell line and the human
immortalized ventricle Bmi1 (hV-Bmi1) cell line maintained normal
epithelial morphology and divided successfully after more than 20
culture passages. As Bmi1 was overexpressed in these cells, the
expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and
phosphorylated Rb increased while p16 and p21 decreased. Following
Bmi1-mediated immortalization, cell senescence decreased
significantly, and cell proliferation was accelerated. Tumor formation
was not observed for hSG, hV, or hSG-Bmi1, and hV-Bmi1 cells in nude
mice. hSG-Bmi1 cells dominated by stratified squamous epithelium and
hV-Bmi1 cells dominated by columnar cells were established. The new
cell lines lay a foundation for the study of the pathogenic mechanisms
of laryngeal and voice diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Both the authors are co-first authors and contributed equally to this article
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Both the authors are co-first authors and contributed equally to this article
| | - Ting-Ting Mo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huai-Hong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Dong Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Dai YF, Tan JJ, Deng CQ, Liu X, Lv ZH, Li XP. Association of pepsin and DNA damage in laryngopharyngeal reflux-related vocal fold polyps. Am J Otolaryngol 2020; 41:102681. [PMID: 32889371 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate if laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) plays a role as a risk factor for vocal fold polyps (VFPs), and if pepsin is associated with higher oxidative DNA damage of VFPs in the presence of LPR. METHODS Thirty patients with VFPs were recruited between 2017 and 2018. Prior to surgery, a laryngoscopy was performed on all subjects to evaluate VFPs. Polyp tissue and saliva samples were obtained scrupulously. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed for pathologic analysis. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used to detect pepsin in tissue and saliva of VFP patients. 8-OHdG and p-H2AX expression was detected to measure oxidative DNA damage in tissue. DNA damage was investigated in human immortalized laryngeal epithelial cells exposed to pepsin. RESULTS The pepsin concentration in saliva was significantly higher (t = 2.38, P = .024) in the pepsin positive group. There was no significant difference in pepsin expression at different sites and pathological subtypes of VFPs. The levels of 8-OHdG and p-H2AX were significantly higher in the pepsin positive group and positively correlated with the tissue expression of pepsin. The concentration of pepsin in saliva also showed a significant correlation with 8-OHdG levels. Expression of 8-OHdG and p-H2AX, and tail moment of the comet assay were elevated in human immortalized laryngeal epithelial cells following treatment with pepsin. CONCLUSION Patients with VFPs have higher levels of oxidative DNA damage in the presence of pepsin reflux. Pepsin may induce DNA damage in laryngeal epithelial cells and participate in the pathogenesis of VFPs.
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Chen YL, Bao YY, Zhou SH, Yao HT, Chen Z. Relationship Between Pepsin Expression and Dysplasia Grade in Patients With Vocal Cord Leukoplakia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 164:160-165. [PMID: 32692278 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820938654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure pepsin expression in patients with vocal fold leukoplakia and elucidate its clinical significance. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of pathologic archive specimens. SETTING Affiliated university hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included 45 patients with vocal fold leukoplakia and 19 with vocal fold polyps who underwent surgical treatment between December 2013 and July 2016. Masses were detected on both vocal cords in 5 patients with vocal fold leukoplakia and in 1 patient with vocal fold polyps. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess pepsin expression. In addition, the relationship of pepsin expression level with clinical characteristics of vocal fold leukoplakia was assessed. RESULTS The rate of pepsin expression was high in the polyp group (75%) and the leukoplakia group (68%); however, the difference between groups was not significant (P > .05). Pepsin expression significantly increased according to grade of dysplasia (mild, 57.1%; moderate, 88.9%; severe, 100.0%; P = .034). Similarly, the percentage of lesions that exhibited strongly positive pepsin expression increased with the grade of dysplasia (mild, 37.1%; moderate, 66.7%; severe, 100.0%; P = .005). The leukoplakia recurrence rate was higher in patients with positive pepsin expression than in patients with negative pepsin expression but without a significant difference (P > .05). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that pepsin was associated with the grade of dysplasia of vocal cord leukoplakia. Further investigation with appropriate control groups and controlling for other risk factors, such as smoking or alcohol consumption, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lian Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Shengzhou City, Shengzhou, China
| | - Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Tian Yao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Im NR, Lee DY, Kim B, Kim J, Jung KY, Kim TH, Baek SK. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases 7 in the Pathogenesis of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Decreased E-cadherin in Acid exposed Primary Human Pharyngeal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5276. [PMID: 31652949 PMCID: PMC6862869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of E-cadherin and the resultant weakness in the cell-cell links in the laryngeal epithelium lining is induced by exposure to acidic contents of the refluxate. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in inducing E-cadherin level changes following acid exposure to the human pharyngeal mucosal cells. E-cadherin levels were inversely correlated with the duration of acid exposure. Treatment with actinonin, a broad MMP inhibitor, inhibited this change. Immunocytochemical staining and transepithelial permeability test revealed that the cell surface staining of E-cadherin decreased and transepithelial permeability increased after acid exposure, which was significantly inhibited by the MMP inhibitor. Among the various MMPs analyzed, the mRNA for MMP-7 in the cellular component was upregulated, and the secretion and enzymatic activity of MMP-7 in the culture media increased with the acid treatment. Consequently, MMP-7 plays a significant role in the degradation of E-cadherin after exposure to a relatively weak acidic condition that would be similar to the physiologic condition that occurs in Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nu-Ri Im
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Doh Young Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
- Neuroscience research institute, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Jian Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Yoon Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Seung-Kuk Baek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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