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Cooper DKC, Mou L, Bottino R. A brief review of the current status of pig islet xenotransplantation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1366530. [PMID: 38464515 PMCID: PMC10920266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An estimated 1.5 million Americans suffer from Type I diabetes mellitus, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Islet allotransplantation offers a treatment, but the availability of deceased human donor pancreases is limited. The transplantation of islets from gene-edited pigs, if successful, would resolve this problem. Pigs are now available in which the expression of the three known xenoantigens against which humans have natural (preformed) antibodies has been deleted, and in which several human 'protective' genes have been introduced. The transplantation of neonatal pig islets has some advantages over that of adult pig islets. Transplantation into the portal vein of the recipient results in loss of many islets from the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) and so the search for an alternative site continues. The adaptive immune response can be largely suppressed by an immunosuppressive regimen based on blockade of the CD40/CD154 T cell co-stimulation pathway, whereas conventional therapy (e.g., based on tacrolimus) is less successful. We suggest that, despite the need for effective immunosuppressive therapy, the transplantation of 'free' islets will prove more successful than that of encapsulated islets. There are data to suggest that, in the absence of rejection, the function of pig islets, though less efficient than human islets, will be sufficient to maintain normoglycemia in diabetic recipients. Pig islets transplanted into immunosuppressed nonhuman primates have maintained normoglycemia for periods extending more than two years, illustrating the potential of this novel form of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. C. Cooper
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lisha Mou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- MetaLife Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rita Bottino
- Imagine Islet Center, Imagine Pharma, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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2
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Denner J. Xenotransplantation of pig islet cells: Potential adverse impact of virus infections on their functionality and insulin production. Xenotransplantation 2022; 30:e12789. [PMID: 36495163 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Denner
- Institute of Virology Free University Berlin Berlin Germany
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Yamada H, Naito R, Nishimura M, Kawakami R, Morinaga E, Morita Y, Shimizu M, Yoshimatsu G, Sawamoto O, Matsumoto S, Imafuku S, Sakata N, Kodama S. Xenotransplantation of neonatal porcine bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells improves diabetic wound healing by promoting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Xenotransplantation 2022; 29:e12739. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Fukuoka University Hospital Fukuoka Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Reiko Naito
- Department of Dermatology Fukuoka Central Hospital Fukuoka Japan
| | - Masuhiro Nishimura
- Research and Development Center Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Naruto Tokushima Japan
| | - Ryo Kawakami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
- Research Institute for Regenerative Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Eri Morinaga
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Fukuoka University Hospital Fukuoka Japan
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yuichi Morita
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Fukuoka University Hospital Fukuoka Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimizu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Fukuoka University Hospital Fukuoka Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Gumpei Yoshimatsu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Fukuoka University Hospital Fukuoka Japan
- Research Institute for Regenerative Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Osamu Sawamoto
- Research and Development Center Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Naruto Tokushima Japan
| | - Shinichi Matsumoto
- Research and Development Center Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Naruto Tokushima Japan
| | - Shinichi Imafuku
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Naoaki Sakata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Fukuoka University Hospital Fukuoka Japan
- Research Institute for Regenerative Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shohta Kodama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Fukuoka University Hospital Fukuoka Japan
- Research Institute for Regenerative Medicine Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
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Mou L, Shi G, Cooper DK, Lu Y, Chen J, Zhu S, Deng J, Huang Y, Ni Y, Zhan Y, Cai Z, Pu Z. Current Topics of Relevance to the Xenotransplantation of Free Pig Islets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:854883. [PMID: 35432379 PMCID: PMC9010617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.854883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig islet xenotransplantation is a potential treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes. Current efforts are focused on identifying the optimal pig islet source and overcoming the immunological barrier. The optimal age of the pig donors remains controversial since both adult and neonatal pig islets have advantages. Isolation of adult islets using GMP grade collagenase has significantly improved the quantity and quality of adult islets, but neonatal islets can be isolated at a much lower cost. Certain culture media and coculture with mesenchymal stromal cells facilitate neonatal islet maturation and function. Genetic modification in pigs affords a promising strategy to prevent rejection. Deletion of expression of the three known carbohydrate xenoantigens (Gal, Neu5Gc, Sda) will certainly be beneficial in pig organ transplantation in humans, but this is not yet proven in islet transplantation, though the challenge of the '4th xenoantigen' may prove problematic in nonhuman primate models. Blockade of the CD40/CD154 costimulation pathway leads to long-term islet graft survival (of up to 965 days). Anti-CD40mAbs have already been applied in phase II clinical trials of islet allotransplantation. Fc region-modified anti-CD154mAbs successfully prevent the thrombotic complications reported previously. In this review, we discuss (I) the optimal age of the islet-source pig, (ii) progress in genetic modification of pigs, (iii) the immunosuppressive regimen for pig islet xenotransplantation, and (iv) the reduction in the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Mou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zuhui Pu, ; Lisha Mou,
| | - Guanghan Shi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David K.C. Cooper
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ying Lu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shufang Zhu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Life Science, Bellevue College, Bellevue, WA, United States
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuhui Pu
- Imaging Department, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zuhui Pu, ; Lisha Mou,
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Arefanian H, Ramji Q, Gupta N, Spigelman AF, Grynoch D, MacDonald PE, Mueller TF, Gazda LS, Rajotte RV, Rayat GR. Yield, cell composition, and function of islets isolated from different ages of neonatal pigs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032906. [PMID: 36619563 PMCID: PMC9811407 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The yield, cell composition, and function of islets isolated from various ages of neonatal pigs were characterized using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Islets from 7- and 10-day-old pigs showed significantly better function both in vitro and in vivo compared to islets from 3- and 5-day-old pigs however, the islet yield from 10-day-old pigs were significantly less than those obtained from the other pigs. Since islets from 3-day-old pigs were used in our previous studies and islets from 7-day-old pigs reversed diabetes more efficiently than islets from other groups, we further evaluated the function of these islets post-transplantation. B6 rag-/- mouse recipients of various numbers of islets from 7-day-old pigs achieved normoglycemia faster and showed significantly improved response to glucose challenge compared to the recipients of the same numbers of islets from 3-day-old pigs. These results are in line with the findings that islets from 7-day-old pigs showed reduced voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channel activity and their ability to recover from post-hypoxia/reoxygenation stress. Despite more resident immune cells and immunogenic characteristics detected in islets from 7-day-old pigs compared to islets from 3-day-old pigs, the combination of anti-LFA-1 and anti-CD154 monoclonal antibodies are equally effective at preventing the rejection of islets from both age groups of pigs. Collectively, these results suggest that islets from various ages of neonatal pigs vary in yield, cellular composition, and function. Such parameters may be considered when defining the optimal pancreas donor for islet xenotransplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Arefanian
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Qahir Ramji
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nancy Gupta
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aliya F. Spigelman
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Donald Grynoch
- Alberta Precision Labs, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Patrick E. MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas F. Mueller
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ray V. Rajotte
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Gina R. Rayat, ; Ray V. Rajotte,
| | - Gina R. Rayat
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Gina R. Rayat, ; Ray V. Rajotte,
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Paul PK, Das R, Drow TJ, de Souza AH, Balamurugan AN, Belt Davis D, Galipeau J. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:630-643. [PMID: 35438788 PMCID: PMC9216495 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pradyut K Paul
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Travis J Drow
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Arnaldo H de Souza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Appakalai N Balamurugan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dawn Belt Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Corresponding author: Jacques Galipeau, Don and Marilyn Anderson Professor in Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin in Madison, WI, USA. Tel: +1 608-263-0078;
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Butyrate and Class I Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Promote Differentiation of Neonatal Porcine Islet Cells into Beta Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113249. [PMID: 34831471 PMCID: PMC8621544 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal porcine islets-like clusters (NPICCs) are a promising source for cell therapy of type 1 diabetes. Freshly isolated NPICCs are composed of progenitor cells and endocrine cells, which undergo a maturation process lasting several weeks until the normal beta cell function has developed. Here, we investigated the effects of short-chain fatty acids on the maturation of islet cells isolated from two to three day-old piglets. NPICCs were cultivated with acetate, butyrate and propionate (0–2000 µM) for one to eight days. Incubation with butyrate resulted in a significant upregulation of insulin gene expression and an increased beta cell number, whereas acetate or propionate had only marginal effects. Treatment with specific inhibitors of G-protein-coupled receptor GPR41 (β-hydroxybutyrate) and/or GPR43 (GPLG0974) did not abolish butyrate induced insulin expression. However, incubation of NPICCs with class I histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) mocetinostat and MS275, but not selective class II HDACi (TMP269, MC1568) mimicked the butyrate effect on beta cell differentiation. Our study revealed that butyrate treatment has the capacity to increase the number of beta cells, which may be predominantly mediated through its HDAC inhibitory activity. Butyrate and specific class I HDAC inhibitors may represent beneficial supplements to promote differentiation of neonatal porcine islet cells towards beta cells for cell replacement therapies.
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Lau H, Li S, Corrales N, Rodriguez S, Mohammadi M, Alexander M, de Vos P, Lakey JRT. Necrostatin-1 Supplementation to Islet Tissue Culture Enhances the In-Vitro Development and Graft Function of Young Porcine Islets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8367. [PMID: 34445075 PMCID: PMC8394857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-weaned porcine islets (PPIs) represent an unlimited source for islet transplantation but are functionally immature. We previously showed that necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) immediately after islet isolation enhanced the in vitro development of PPIs. Here, we examined the impact of Nec-1 on the in vivo function of PPIs after transplantation in diabetic mice. PPIs were isolated from pancreata of 8-15-day-old, pre-weaned pigs and cultured in media alone, or supplemented with Nec-1 (100 µM) on day 0 or on day 3 of culture (n = 5 for each group). On day 7, islet recovery, viability, oxygen consumption rate, insulin content, cellular composition, insulin secretion capacity, and transplant outcomes were evaluated. While islet viability and oxygen consumption rate remained high throughout 7-day tissue culture, Nec-1 supplementation on day 3 significantly improved islet recovery, insulin content, endocrine composition, GLUT2 expression, differentiation potential, proliferation capacity of endocrine cells, and insulin secretion. Adding Nec-1 on day 3 of tissue culture enhanced the islet recovery, proportion of delta cells, beta-cell differentiation and proliferation, and stimulation index. In vivo, this leads to shorter times to normoglycemia, better glycemic control, and higher circulating insulin. Our findings identify the novel time-dependent effects of Nec-1 supplementation on porcine islet quantity and quality prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Lau
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA; (H.L.); (N.C.); (S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Shiri Li
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;
| | - Nicole Corrales
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA; (H.L.); (N.C.); (S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Samuel Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA; (H.L.); (N.C.); (S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammadreza Mohammadi
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA; (H.L.); (N.C.); (S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Paul de Vos
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jonathan RT Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA; (H.L.); (N.C.); (S.R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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9
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Kwak K, Park JK, Shim J, Ko N, Kim HJ, Lee Y, Kim JH, Alexander M, Lakey JRT, Kim H, Choi K. Comparison of islet isolation result and clinical applicability according to GMP-grade collagenase enzyme blend in adult porcine islet isolation and culture. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12703. [PMID: 34176167 PMCID: PMC8459292 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Porcine islet xenotransplantation is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes as an alternative to human pancreatic islet transplantation and long‐term insulin therapy. Several research groups have explored porcine islets as an alternative to the inconsistent and chronic shortage of pancreases from human organ donors. Studies have confirmed successful transplant of porcine islets into non‐human primate models of diabetes; however, in most cases, they require more than one adult porcine donor to achieve sufficient viable islet mass for sustained function. The importance of GMP‐grade reagents includes the following: specific enzymes utilized in the pancreatic isolation process were identified as a key factor in successful human clinical islet transplantation trials using cadaveric islets. As xenotransplantation clinical research progresses, isolation reagents and digestion enzymes play a key role in the consistency of the product and ultimately the outcome of the islet xenotransplant. In this study, we evaluated several commercially available enzyme blends that have been used for islet isolation. We evaluated their impact on islet isolation yield and subsequent islet function as part of our plan to bring xenotransplantation into clinical xenotransplantation trials. Methods Adult porcine islets were isolated from 16 to 17‐month‐old Yucatan miniature pigs following standard rapid procurement. Pigs weighed on average 48.71 ± 2.85 kg, and the produced pancreases were 39.51 ± 1.80 grams (mean ± SEM). After ductal cannulation, we evaluated both GMP‐grade enzymes (Collagenase AF‐1 GMP grade and Liberase MTF C/T GMP grade) and compared with standard non‐GMP enzyme blend (Collagenase P). Islet quality control assessments including islet yield, islet size (IEQ), membrane integrity (acridine orange/propidium iodide), and functional viability (GSIS) were evaluated in triplicate on day 1 post‐islet isolation culture. Results Islet yield was highest in the group of adult pigs where Collagenase AF‐1 GMP grade was utilized. The mean islet yield was 16 586 ± 1391 IEQ/g vs 8302 ± 986 IEQ/g from pancreases isolated using unpurified crude Collagenase P. The mean islet size was higher in Collagenase AF‐1 GMP grade with neutral protease than in Collagenase P and Liberase MTF C/T GMP grade. We observed no significant difference between the experimental groups, but in vitro islet function after overnight tissue culture was significantly higher in Collagenase AF‐1 GMP grade with neutral protease and Liberase MTF C/T GMP grade than the crude control enzyme group. As expected, the GMP‐grade enzyme has significantly lower endotoxin levels than the crude control enzyme group when measured. Conclusions This study validates the importance of using specifically blended GMP grade for adult pig islet isolation for xenotransplantation trials and the ability to isolate a sufficient number of viable islets from one adult pig to provide a sufficient number for islets for a clinical islet transplantation. GMP‐grade enzymes are highly efficient in increasing islet yield, size, viability, and function at a lower and acceptable endotoxin level. Ongoing research transplants these islets into animal models of diabetes to validate in vivo function. Also, these defined and reproducible techniques using GMP‐grade enzymes allow for continuance of our plan to advance to xenotransplantation of isolated pig islets for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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10
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Yamada H, Sakata N, Nishimura M, Tanaka T, Shimizu M, Yoshimatsu G, Kawakami R, Wada H, Sawamoto O, Matsumoto S, Kodama S. Xenotransplantation of neonatal porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves murine hind limb ischemia through lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12693. [PMID: 33960029 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical utility of stem cell therapy for peripheral artery disease has not been fully discussed, and one obstacle is limited donor supplies. In this study, we attempted to rescue mouse ischemic hind limb by xenotransplantation of neonatal porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (npBM-MSCs). METHODS Neonatal porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted to ischemic hind limbs of male C57BL/6J mice (npBM-MSCs group). Mice with syngeneic transplantation of mouse BM-MSCs (mBM-MSCs group) were also prepared for comparison. The angiogenic effects were evaluated by recovery of blood flow on laser Doppler imaging, histologic findings, and genetic and protein levels of angiogenic factors. RESULTS Regarding laser Doppler assessments, blood flow in the hind limb was rapidly recovered in the npBM-MSCs group, compared with that in the mBM-MSCs group (P = .016). Compared with the mBM-MSCs group, the npBM-MSCs group had early and prominent lymphangiogenesis [P < .05 on both post-operative days (PODs) 3 and 7] but had similar angiogenesis. Regarding genomic assessments, xenotransplantation of npBM-MSCs enhanced the expressions of both porcine and murine Vegfc in the hind limbs by POD 3. Interestingly, the level of murine Vegfc expression was significantly higher in the npBM-MSCs group than in the mBM-MSCs group on PODs 3 and 7 (P < .001 for both). Furthermore, the secreted VEGFC protein level was higher from npBM-MSCs than from mBM-MSCs (P < .001). CONCLUSION Xenotransplantation of npBM-MSCs contributed to the improvement of hind limb ischemia by both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, especially promotion of the latter. npBM-MSCs may provide an alternative to autologous and allogeneic MSCs for stem cell therapy of critical limb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoaki Sakata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masuhiro Nishimura
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimizu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gumpei Yoshimatsu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Kawakami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideichi Wada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Osamu Sawamoto
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Matsumoto
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shohta Kodama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Lee SH, Kim HO, Kang JT. Optimization of Nano-encapsulation on Neonatal Porcine Islet-like Cell Clusters Using Polymersomes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:53. [PMID: 33788062 PMCID: PMC8012476 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Researches proving methods for nano-encapsulation of neonatal porcine islet-like cell clusters (NPCCs) using polymersomes (PSomes) formed using polymers of polyethylene glycol-block-poly lactide. Herein, our studies present efficient nano-encapsulation procedure with minimal damage and loss of NPCCs.We used N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) on the N-terminal of PSomes to induce binding of amine groups in the extracellular matrix surrounding NPCCs. F-10 culture medium with bovine serum albumin was used in the nano-encapsulation procedure to minimize damage and loss of NPCCs. Finally, we induced cross-linking between bifunctional PSomes (NHS-/NH2-PSomes). F-10 culture medium containing 0.25% BSA with pH of 7.3 minimized the damage and loss of NPCCs after nano-encapsulation as compared with using basic HBSS buffer (pH 8.0). Also, we induced the efficient nano-encapsulation through conjugation of PSomes using bifunctional PSomes (NHS-/NH2-PSomes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd, Seoul, 06688, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ouk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Biohealth-Machinery Convergence Engineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Taek Kang
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd, Seoul, 06688, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human islet transplantation has proven to be a highly effective treatment for patients with labile type 1 diabetes mellitus, which can free patients from daily glucose monitoring and insulin injections. However, the shortage of islet donors limits its' broad application. Porcine islet xenotransplantation presents a solution to the donor shortage and recent advances in genetic modification and immunosuppressive regimens provide renewed enthusiasm for the potential of this treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in genetic editing technology are leading to multigene modified porcine islet donors with alterations in expression of known xenoantigens, modifications of their complement and coagulation systems, and modifications to gain improved immunological compatibility. Recent NHP-based trials of costimulation blockade using CD154 blockade show promising improvements in islet survival, whereas results targeting CD40 are less consistent. Furthermore, trials using IL-6 receptor antagonism have yet to demonstrate improvement in glucose control and suffer from poor graft revascularization. SUMMARY This review will detail the current status of islet xenotransplantation as a potential treatment for type I diabetes mellitus, focusing on recent advances in porcine xenogeneic islet production, assessment in nonhuman primate preclinical models, the outcome of human clinical trials and review barriers to translation of xenoislets to the clinic.
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13
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Montanari E, Szabó L, Balaphas A, Meyer J, Perriraz-Mayer N, Pimenta J, Giraud MN, Egger B, Gerber-Lemaire S, Bühler L, Gonelle-Gispert C. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells derived from porcine exocrine pancreas improve insulin secretion from juvenile porcine islet cell clusters. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12666. [PMID: 33538027 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal and juvenile porcine islet cell clusters (ICC) present an unlimited source for islet xenotransplantation to treat type 1 diabetes patients. We isolated ICC from pancreata of 14 days old juvenile piglets and characterized their maturation by immunofluorescence and insulin secretion assays. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells derived from exocrine tissue of same pancreata (pMSC) were characterized for their differentiation potential and ability to sustain ICC insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo. Isolation of ICC resulted in 142 ± 50 × 103 IEQ per pancreas. Immunofluorescence staining revealed increasing presence of insulin-positive beta cells between day 9 and 21 in culture and insulin content per 500IEC of ICC increased progressively over time from 1178.4 ± 450 µg/L to 4479.7 ± 1954.2 µg/L from day 7 to 14, P < .001. Highest glucose-induced insulin secretion by ICC was obtained at day 7 of culture and reached a fold increase of 2.9 ± 0.4 compared to basal. Expansion of adherent cells from the pig exocrine tissue resulted in a homogenous CD90+ , CD34- , and CD45- fibroblast-like cell population and differentiation into adipocytes and chondrocytes demonstrated their multipotency. Insulin release from ICC was increased in the presence of pMSC and dependent on cell-cell contact (glucose-induced fold increase: ICC alone: 1.6 ± 0.2; ICC + pMSC + contact: 3.2 ± 0.5, P = .0057; ICC + pMSC no-contact: 1.9 ± 0.3; theophylline stimulation: alone: 5.4 ± 0.7; pMSC + contact: 8.4 ± 0.9, P = .013; pMSC no-contact: 5.2 ± 0.7). After transplantation of encapsulated ICC using Ca2+ -alginate (alg) microcapsules into streptozotocin-induced diabetic and immunocompetent mice, transient normalization of glycemia was obtained up to day 7 post-transplant, whereas ICC co-encapsulated with pMSC did not improve glycemia and showed increased pericapsular fibrosis. We conclude that pMSC derived from juvenile porcine exocrine pancreas improves insulin secretion of ICC by direct cell-cell contact. For transplantation purposes, the use of pMSC to support beta-cell function will depend on the development of new anti-fibrotic polymers and/or on genetically modified pigs with lower immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Montanari
- Surgical Research Unit, CMU-1, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Szabó
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC SCI-SB-SG, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Balaphas
- Surgical Research Unit, CMU-1, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Meyer
- Surgical Research Unit, CMU-1, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Perriraz-Mayer
- Surgical Research Unit, CMU-1, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joel Pimenta
- Surgical Research Unit, CMU-1, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Noelle Giraud
- Cardiology, Dpt EMC, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Egger
- Surgical Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC SCI-SB-SG, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leo Bühler
- Surgical Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Gonelle-Gispert
- Surgical Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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14
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Shi J, Zhang YQ, Hao DD, Fu SH, Meng JL. Key regulatory genes and signaling pathways involved in islet culture: a bioinformatic analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:292-303. [PMID: 33564361 PMCID: PMC7868784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by non-ideal mass and low survival rate of islets. Therefore, it is necessary to find intrinsic factors that prolong the survival of islets. This study aimed to track out hub genes and pathways in the process of islet culture by bioinformatic analysis. We downloaded the gene expression microarray of GSE42591 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Aberrant Differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were obtained using the GEO2R tool. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on selected genes by using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and visualized in Cytoscape 3.7.2. A total of 434 genes were overexpressed and 114 genes underexpressed in fresh to cultured 4 h tissue. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed the TGF-beta signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, or VEGF signaling pathway. The genes FN1, MKI67, IGF1, MAPK14, COL1A1 might be involved in islet culture. In general, this work scrutinized islet culture-relevant knowledge and provided insight into the regulation and mediation of islet survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.)No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong-Qun Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.)No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dou-Dou Hao
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.)No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Su-Hong Fu
- Lab of Natural Medicine of West China Hospital of West China Medical School of Sichuan UniversityNo. 88, South Keyuan Road, Chengdu High-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin-Li Meng
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.)No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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15
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Lau H, Corrales N, Rodriguez S, Park S, Mohammadi M, Li S, Alexander M, Lakey JRT. The effects of necrostatin-1 on the in vitro development and function of young porcine islets over 14-day prolonged tissue culture. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12667. [PMID: 33438288 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) supplementation to tissue culture media on day 3 has recently been shown to augment the insulin content, endocrine cellular composition, and insulin release of pre-weaned porcine islets (PPIs); however, its effects were only examined for the first 7 days of tissue culture. The present study examined whether the addition of Nec-1 on day 3 could further enhance the in vitro development and function of PPIs after 14 days of tissue culture. METHODS PPIs were isolated from 8- to 15-day-old, pre-weaned Yorkshire piglets and cultured in an islet maturation media supplemented with Nec-1 on day 3. The recovery, viability, insulin content, endocrine cellular composition, GLUT2 expression in beta cells, differentiation and proliferation potential, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of PPIs were assessed on days 3, 7, and 14 of tissue culture (n = 5 on each day). RESULTS Compared with day 7 of tissue culture, islets on day 14 had a lower recovery, GLUT2 expression in beta cells, proliferation capacity of endocrine cells, and glucose-induced insulin stimulation index. Prolonging the culture time to 14 days did not affect islet viability, insulin content, proportion of endocrine cells, and differentiation potential. CONCLUSION The growth-inducing effects of Nec-1 on PPIs were most effective on day 7 of tissue culture when added on day 3. Our findings support existing evidence that the in vitro activities of Nec-1 are short-lived and encourage future studies to explore the use of other novel growth factors during prolonged islet tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Lau
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Corrales
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Soomin Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Mohammadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shiri Li
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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16
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Dose-dependent effects of necrostatin-1 supplementation to tissue culture media of young porcine islets. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243506. [PMID: 33284818 PMCID: PMC7721208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) supplementation improved the viability of murine islets following exposure to nitric oxide, increased the survival of human islets during hypoxic culture, and augmented the maturation of pre-weaned porcine islets (PPIs) after 7 days of tissue culture. A limitation of these studies is that only one concentration of Nec-1 was used, and no studies have determined the optimal dose of Nec-1 for PPIs. Thus, the present study examined the effects of Nec-1 on PPIs at four different doses—0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM—after 7 days of tissue culture when supplemented on day 3. PPIs were isolated from pancreata of pre-weaned Yorkshire piglets (8–15 days old) and cultured in a specific islet maturation media added with Nec-1 on day 3 of tissue culture at 4 different doses—0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM (n = 6 for each dose). After 7 days of tissue culture, islets were assessed for recovery, viability, endocrine cellular content, GLUT2 expression in beta cells, and insulin secretion after glucose challenge. Nec-1 did not affect the viability of both intact islets and dissociated islets cells during tissue culture regardless of doses. Islets cultured in media supplemented with Nec-1 at 100 μM, but not 25, 50, or 200 μM, had a significantly higher recovery, composition of endocrine cells, GLUT2 expression in beta cells, and insulin secretion capacity than control islets cultured in media without Nec-1 supplementation. Moreover, culturing islets in 200 μM Nec-1 supplemented media not only failed to improve the insulin release but resulted in a lower glucose-induced insulin stimulation index compared to islets cultured in media added with 100 μM Nec-1. Xenotransplantation using porcine islets continues to demonstrate scientific advances to justify this area of research. Our findings indicate that Nec-1 supplementation at 100 μM was most effective to enhance the in vitro maturation of PPIs during tissue culture.
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17
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Lau H, Corrales N, Rodriguez S, Luong C, Zaldivar F, Alexander M, Lakey JRT. An islet maturation media to improve the development of young porcine islets during in vitro culture. Islets 2020; 12:41-58. [PMID: 32459554 PMCID: PMC7527017 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2020.1750933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of pancreata from pre-weaned piglets has the potential to serve as an unlimited alternative source of islets for clinical xenotransplantation. As pre-weaned porcine islets (PPIs) are immature and require prolonged culture, we developed an islet maturation media (IMM) and evaluated its effect on improving the quantity and quality of PPIs over 14 days of culture. METHODS PPIs were isolated from the pancreata of pre-weaned Yorkshire piglets (8-15 days old). Each independent islet isolation was divided for culture in either control Ham's F-10 media (n = 5) or IMM (n = 5) for 14 days. On day 3, 7 and 14 of culture, islets were assessed for islet yield, isolation index, viability, insulin content, endocrine cellular composition, differentiation of beta cells, and insulin secretion during glucose stimulation. RESULTS In comparison to control islets, culturing PPIs in IMM significantly increased islet yield. PPIs cultured in IMM also maintained a stable isolation index and viability throughout 14 days of culture. The insulin content, endocrine cellular composition, and differentiation of beta cells were significantly improved in PPIs cultured in IMM, which subsequently augmented their insulin secretory capacity in response to glucose challenge compared to control islets. CONCLUSIONS Culturing PPIs in IMM increases islet yield, isolation index, viability, insulin content, endocrine cellular composition, differentiation of endocrine progenitor cells toward beta cells, and insulin secretion. Due to the improved islet quantity and quality after in vitro culture, the use of IMM in the culture of PPIs will assist to advance the outcomes of clinical islet xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Lau
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Corrales
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Colleen Luong
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Frank Zaldivar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R. T. Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- CONTACT Jonathan R. T. Lakey Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Islet Program, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA92868, USA
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18
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Medina JD, Alexander M, Hunckler MD, Fernández-Yagüe MA, Coronel MM, Smink AM, Lakey JR, de Vos P, García AJ. Functionalization of Alginate with Extracellular Matrix Peptides Enhances Viability and Function of Encapsulated Porcine Islets. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000102. [PMID: 32255552 PMCID: PMC7598935 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Translation of transplanted alginate-encapsulated pancreatic islets to treat type 1 diabetes has been hindered by inconsistent long-term efficacy. This loss of graft function can be partially attributed to islet dysfunction associated with the destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions during the islet isolation process as well as immunosuppression-associated side effects. This study aims at recapitulating islet-ECM interactions by the direct functionalization of alginate with the ECM-derived peptides RGD, LRE, YIGSR, PDGEA, and PDSGR. Peptide functionalization is controlled in a concentration-dependent manner and its presentation is found to be homogeneous across the microcapsule environment. Preweaned porcine islets are encapsulated in peptide-functionalized alginate microcapsules, and those encapsulated in RGD-functionalized alginate displays enhanced viability and glucose-stimulated insulin release. Effects are RGD-specific and not observed with its scrambled control RDG nor with LRE, YIGSR, PDGEA, and PDSGR. This study supports the sustained presentation of ECM-derived peptides in helping to maintain health of encapsulated pancreatic islets and may aid in prolonging longevity of encapsulated islet grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Medina
- Biomedical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine at UC Irvine, Irvine 333 City Boulevard West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Michael D Hunckler
- Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Marc A Fernández-Yagüe
- Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - María M Coronel
- Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Alexandra M Smink
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R Lakey
- Surgery and Biomedical Engineering at UC Irvine, 333 City Boulevard West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Paul de Vos
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Andrés J García
- Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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19
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Cho B, Lee EJ, Ahn SM, Kim G, Lee SH, Ji DY, Kang JT. Production of genetically modified pigs expressing human insulin and C-peptide as a source of islets for xenotransplantation. Transgenic Res 2019; 28:549-559. [PMID: 31473874 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Islet xenotransplantation is a promising treatment for type I diabetes. Numerous studies of islet xenotransplantation have used pig-to-nonhuman primate transplantation models. Some studies reported long-term survival and successful function of porcine islets in diabetic monkeys. Genetic engineering techniques may improve the survival and function of porcine islets. A recent study reported the generation of transgenic pigs expressing human insulin rather than porcine insulin by changing one amino acid at the end of the β-chain in insulin. However, C-peptide from pigs still existed. In this study, we generated transgenic pigs expressing human proinsulin to express human insulin and C-peptide using fibroblasts from proinsulin knockout pigs as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Eleven live piglets were delivered from three surrogates and characterized to confirm the genotype and phenotype of the generated piglets. Genotype analysis of the generated piglets showed that five of the eleven piglets contained the human proinsulin gene. Insulin expression was confirmed in the serum and pancreas in two of the five piglets. C-peptide derived from human proinsulin was also confirmed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Non-fasting blood glucose level was measured to verify the function of the insulin derived from the human proinsulin. Two piglets expressing insulin showed normal glucose levels similar to that in the wild-type control. In conclusion, human insulin- and C-peptide-expressing pigs without porcine insulin and C-peptide were successfully established. These pigs can be used as a source of islets for islet xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumrae Cho
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Mgenplus Bldg., 83, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06688, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Mgenplus Bldg., 83, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06688, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Ahn
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Mgenplus Bldg., 83, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06688, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghangyong Kim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Mgenplus Bldg., 83, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06688, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Mgenplus Bldg., 83, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06688, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Young Ji
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Mgenplus Bldg., 83, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06688, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Taek Kang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Mgenplus Co., Ltd., Mgenplus Bldg., 83, Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06688, Republic of Korea.
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