Perception of Privacy: An Ethnocentric Study of Turkish Muslim Female Surgical Patients

PURPOSE

This study aimed to investigate the perception of privacy among Turkish Muslim female patients who have undergone surgery.

DESIGN

A descriptive-qualitative study design was employed.

METHODS

In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 study participants.

FINDINGS

The findings revealed three main themes and two subthemes. The main themes were physical privacy, the influence of culture, and responses to privacy violations. The subthemes pertained solely to responses to privacy violations and included behavioral and emotional responses.

CONCLUSIONS

The participants' perception of privacy was primarily focused on the physical aspects of privacy. Muslim and Turkish cultures played a significant role in shaping the patients' perception of privacy. The participants reported experiencing emotional and behavioral responses when their privacy was violated. This study reveals the perception of privacy among 10 Turkish Muslim female patients, emphasizing the significance of understanding and considering this perception in nursing care.

A Qualitative Research Survey on Cardiologist's Ethical Stance in Cases of Moral Dilemmas in Cardiology Clinics

This study sought to determine cardiologists' degrees of ethical awareness and preferred courses of action for ethical dilemmas frequently encountered in clinical settings. For this evaluation, an online survey was created and sent to cardiologists affiliated with various academic posts in Ankara, Turkey. The survey included ten cases with various ethical considerations selected from our book, "Clinic Ethics with Cases from Cardiology." Four possible action choices were defined for each case. Participants were asked to choose one or more of these preferences. In addition, a fictional change was made in each case's context without changing the original ethical issue, and participants were asked whether an attitude different from the first chosen one was preferred. The participation ratio was 49/185 (26%), consent ratio 47/185 (25,4%), and completion ratio 44/185 (23,7%). Nine of the ten scenario changes did not change participants' preferred action. For most questions, action preferences were concentrated between the two options. Although legal regulations did not reduce ethical dilemmas, they clarified physicians' action preferences. Similarly, as an obscure moral issue gained prominence, physicians were forced to draw clearer lines in their actions. External factors such as healthcare emergencies can change physicians' ethical dilemma-solving attitudes.

Analysis of patients' privacy and associated factors in the perioperative period

Background

Healthcare professionals recognize how to protect patient privacy in order to effectively reduce the occurrence of conflict between the two parties. Therefore, understanding the protection of patient privacy during the perioperative period and the relevant factors affecting privacy is essential to improving healthcare delivery.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of 400 perioperative patients. General demographic information, the perioperative privacy scale (PPS), and the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale (APAIS) were used for the survey. And factors affecting patient privacy were investigated by ANOVA or t-test analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and linear regression models.

Results

This study found that perioperative patient privacy satisfaction scores were (53.51 ± 12.54). The results of the univariate analysis showed that factors affecting privacy satisfaction included gender, age, and the number of surgeries (p < 0.05). Preoperative anxiety and Information Needs Scale was negatively associated with the perioperative patient privacy satisfaction (r = -0.807, p < 0.01). Further analysis was performed using linear regression models to finally obtain five factors affecting perioperative patient privacy: gender, age, anesthesia modality, the number of surgeries, and the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information.

Conclusion

Healthcare professionals working in healthcare facilities need to be aware of the sensitivity of different populations to privacy when protecting patient privacy. Patients' preoperative anxiety and information need status affect privacy satisfaction. This will mean that healthcare professionals will be able to identify key privacy concerns early and take appropriate action.

Intimidad percibida por los pacientes en una unidad de hemodiálisis

Objetivo: Evaluar la intimidad percibida por los pacientes en una unidad de hemodiálisis, identificando posibles áreas de mejora.Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, realizando tres puntos de corte, años 2018, 2019 y 2021. Se utilizó el cuestionario de Mozota-Duarte, (11 ítems recogen las dimensiones intimidad auditiva, visual y privacidad global, escala Likert 1-5). Se utilizó el Alpha de Cronbach para el análisis de fiabilidad. Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo, utilizándose pruebas no paramétricas para analizar la variabilidad de la intimidad a lo largo de los tres años, así como su relación con las variables sexo y edad.Resultados: se recogieron 125 cuestionarios (tasa respuesta 80,13%). Mediana de edad 68 años (P25:46,5-P75:80), siendo 65(52%) hombres. Alpha de Cronbach del cuestionario: 0,843. La mediana de puntuación de la privacidad global fue 4,66 (P25:4-P75:5), la intimidad auditiva 4,75 (P25:4,25-P75:5) y la intimidad visual 4,75 (P25:4,25-P75:5). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las puntuaciones a lo largo de los 3 años estudiados.Los atributos peor calificados (puntuación<3) fueron “haber escuchado conversaciones de otros pacientes” (19,2%) y “haber visto explorar a otros pacientes” (20,8%).Las mujeres puntuaron peor el ítem “poder haber sido vista por otras personas” (p=0,046), no hallándose significación estadística en ningún otro atributo. Encontramos una relación inversa entre la edad y los 4 ítems relativos a la intimidad auditiva (p≤0,05).Conclusiones: La intimidad percibida por los pacientes en hemodiálisis ha sido alta, manteniéndose estable en el tiempo, tanto en las dimensiones auditiva, visual como global.

Perceptions and Experiences of Privacy Among Persons With an Ostomy Receiving Treatment and Care: A Mixed-Methods Study

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to determine ostomy patients' experiences and opinions on protection of privacy during treatment and care.

DESIGN

Mixed-methods, descriptive correlational study.

SAMPLE AND SETTING

The study sample comprised 80 patients with an ostomy receiving treatment and care in a university hospital in Turkey.

METHODS

Data were collected using a form developed by the researchers based on literature review. The survey consisted of statements that examined demographic characteristics, experiences, and opinions of patients with an ostomy.

RESULTS

For participants, 64.8% (n = 35/54) defined privacy from a physical dimension, 64.1% (n = 25/39) suffered from ostomy-related psychosocial discomfort, 48.7% experienced ostomy-related discomfort mostly during nursing care (n = 19/39), 48.7% (n = 39/80) were uncomfortable when their ostomy was seen by others, Approximately 56.3% (n = 45/80) thought that they disturbed other patients and their families during ostomy care, and 46.3% (n = 37/80) stated that healthcare professionals discussed information about their ostomy when other patients and their families were present. In addition, 21.3% (n = 17/80) opined that the physical conditions of patient rooms failed to provide privacy. Analysis revealed no significant relationship between education levels and reading the Patient Rights Regulation (P = .129). Analysis also found no significant relationships between age (P = .086), marital status (P = .382), educational background (P = .143), hospitalization experience (P = .427), and satisfaction with perceptions of privacy when receiving ostomy care.

CONCLUSION

Patients with an ostomy reported physical and psychosocial problems concerning privacy, felt uncomfortable about the way information on their ostomy was discussed, and thought that physical conditions were not suitable for ostomy care. We recommend that healthcare professionals be provided with more training on psychosocial problems and privacy for patients with ostomy and that institutional policies and procedures be developed to address patients' problems.

Patient privacy protection among university nursing students: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Protecting a person's right to privacy and confidentiality is important in healthcare services. As future health professionals, nursing students should bear the same responsibility as qualified health professionals in protecting patient privacy.

OBJECTIVES

To investigate nursing students' practices of patient privacy protection and to identify factors associated with their practices.

RESEARCH DESIGN

A cross-sectional study design was adopted. A two-part survey was used to collect two types of data on nursing students: (1) personal characteristics, including demographics, clinical experience and use of information and communication technology and social media and (2) practice of patient privacy protection, collected using the Patient Privacy Scale.

PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT

A total of 319 nursing students aged 18 or above, studying pre-registration nursing programmes and who had attended at least one block of clinical placement, were recruited from a university in Hong Kong.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

The study received ethical approval from the Survey and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. The participants were informed of the study aim and written consent was obtained before completing the survey.

FINDINGS

The mean total score on the Patient Privacy Scale was 119.7 out of 135. Nursing students who were regular users of Instagram and those who had never taken photographs with patients and hence did not need to obtain patient consent were associated with better practices of patient privacy protection (higher total scores on the Patient Privacy Scale).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings improve our understanding of nursing students' practice of patient privacy protection and the associated factors. This will inform the development and revision of current strategies to enhance nursing students' practice of patient privacy protection, especially their use of social media.

Advancing Nursing Practice Through Fundamental Care Delivery

There is growing awareness that there needs to be a reorientation of the nursing profession towards the fundamentals of care (Feo et al., 2019). These fundamentals often receive a low priority in clinical practice settings (Feo et al., 2019), and gaps in fundamental care provision are being exposed in nursing care internationally (McSherry et al., 2018). The concern is significant worldwide, and for this reason, many initiatives are developing to tackle the issue. The International Learning Collaborative (ILC) (2021), a global social learning and lobbying network, is leading the way on this. This network is committed to improving the delivery of person-centred and safe fundamental care, promoting excellence of fundamental care through the integration of clinical practice, research and education, and share the best evidence of Fundamentals of Care (FoC) (International Learning Collaborate 2021, Kitson 2018).

A Cross-Sectional Study: Patient Privacy According to Doctors and Nurses

Confidentiality is fundamental in building trust between patients and healthcare professionals. This research aims at presenting healthcare professionals' opinions on patient privacy, using a 5-point Likert-type scale titled "Opinion of the Healthcare Professionals on Patient Privacy," and 262 physicians' and 231 nurses' opinions were evaluated. Results showed that nurses and doctors working at emergency services got higher mean scores than those working at other units. Results revealed that doctors had the highest mean score for the item "It is important that the patient's body is not seen by other patients and professionals during the treatment," while nurses had the highest mean score for the item "I approach with due care to protect privacy in the work environment." Results of this work highlight that patient's right to privacy constitutes one of the most significant issues to be noted by healthcare professionals.

Nurses' perceptions about the dignity of intubated patients

BACKGROUND

The intensive and critical care units are high-dependency areas, with patients requiring complex care. The intubated status of the intensive and critical care patients makes them dependent on healthcare providers not only for acute care, but also for intimate care, imposing a threat to their dignity. Nurses, being the central care providers, become the stakeholders for dignity promotion. The incorporation of dignity in patient care improves the quality of care, and promotes the health and well-being of intubated patients.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of the study was to explore nurses' perceptions about the dignity of intubated patients in the intensive and critical care units.

RESEARCH DESIGN

A qualitative descriptive exploratory study design was used to explore the nurses' perceptions about the dignity of intubated patients.

PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT

The intensive and critical care nurses of a tertiary care hospital were recruited using the purposive sampling technique. The data were collected through in-depth individual interviews, using a semi-structured interview guide. The findings were manually analyzed into themes and categories through content analysis.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

The study was conducted after the approval from the Ethical Review Committee of the Aga Khan University.

FINDINGS

Four major themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) two sides of the contemporary nursing practice; (2) benefits of dignified nursing care; (3) challenges to the dignity of intubated patients; and (4) strategies for promoting the dignity of intubated patients.

DISCUSSION

Dignity incorporates both the science and the art of nursing. The provision of dignified care is the core component of the quality nursing care and patient well-being in the high-dependency units.

CONCLUSION

This is the first exploratory and descriptive study conducted in Pakistan that explored the nurses' perceptions about the dignity of intubated patients, and also generated contextual understanding about the phenomenon.

Assessment of nurses' respect for patient privacy by patients and nurses: A comparative study

AIMS

To determine whether nurses respect or violate patient privacy by comparing nurses' and patients' opinions.

BACKGROUND

Although nurses want to respect patient privacy, they can sometimes violate patient privacy or not pay enough attention.

METHOD

This comparative and cross-sectional study was conducted with 357 patients and 305 nurses in 12 public hospitals in Trabzon, Turkey. Data were collected with an information form and the Patient Privacy Scale. Reporting is consistent with the STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies.

RESULTS

The total mean score of the patient privacy scale was 4.6 ± 0.39 for nurses and 4.5 ± 0.41 for patients, and no significant difference was found between their scores (U = 52999.0; p = .554). Further, the nurses (U = 14358.0; p = .000) and the patients (U = 13272.5; p = .006) in the public hospitals had statistically significantly higher overall privacy scores than those in the training and research hospitals. The overall privacy scale scores were higher and more statistically significant in the patients hospitalised in surgical clinics than those hospitalised in clinics for internal diseases (U = 8514.0; p = .005) and in single compared to married patients (U = 12364.5; p = .034).

CONCLUSION

Nurses respected patient privacy highly according to both nurses and patients, and there was no significant difference between their views. However, nurses working in training and research hospitals and internal diseases clinics need to improve their approaches to patient privacy.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

The results of this study could be used to reduce patient privacy vulnerabilities in complex hospitals and clinics such as training and research hospitals and to improve institutional policies and activities regarding patient privacy. By comparing the results of patients and nurses, the study provided more consistent and accurate data about patient privacy.

Observation of Patients' Privacy by Physicians and Nurses and Its Relationship with Patient Satisfaction

The present study was conducted to determine the extent of observation of patients' privacy by physicians and nurses and its relationship with patient satisfaction. This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 600 patients selected by convenience sampling. Based on the patients' points of view, the level of observation of patients' privacy and its dimensions, especially the psychosocial dimension, were reported to be higher in nurses than in physicians. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a direct and significant relationship between the observation of privacy by the nurses and physicians and different dimensions of patient satisfaction.

Cultural Viewpoints of Nursing Students on Patient Privacy: A Qualitative Study

The purpose of this study was to determine the feelings, thoughts, perceptions and cultural standpoint of nursing students concerning patient privacy. This study was conducted as a qualitative descriptive design. The homogeneous sampling method, purposive sampling method for qualitative research samples, was used to determine the study group. Data were collected from 17 nursing students at a state university in Turkey. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, and content analysis was used to analyze data. Three main themes emerged from the data: perception of privacy, factors affecting patient privacy and suggested solutions. Four sub-categories emerged: religion, gender, culture and reassuring communication. The perceptions of many of the students relating to the concept of privacy coincided with the concepts of confidentiality and all kinds of information concerning the patient. It was seen that the most effective intervention among the students' solution proposals to ensure privacy was the necessity to make physical improvements in hospitals.

Nurses' perceptions of caring activities in nursing

Aim

This study aimed to determine nurses' perceptions of caring activities in nursing.

Design

A descriptive study design.

Methods

A Turkish translation of the 25-item version of the Caring Dimensions Inventory was completed by 260 nurses working in one university hospital. Data were analysed using Mokken scaling.

Results

Technical aspects of nursing were highly endorsed items such as "observing the effects of a medication on a patient, measuring vital signs, being technically competent with a clinical procedure, consulting with the doctor" except for the item "providing privacy for a patient" which is a psychosocial item. The range of items included in the Mokken scale with "providing privacy for a patient" (mean = 4.31) as the most endorsed, and "exploring the patient's lifestyle" (mean = 2.60) being the least endorsed item. Listening to patients and involving them in their care are not considered as caring.

Dignity, privacy, respect and choice-A scoping review of measurement of these concepts within acute healthcare practice

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To synthesise and review literature related to instruments that measure psychosocial aspects of fundamental care in acute hospital care settings.

BACKGROUND

Psychosocial aspects of care often receive less priority in terms of care provision in acute care environments. At the same time, if these elements are overlooked, there may be consequences. Despite the availability of many instruments designed to measure specific aspects of care, these concepts are often not studied within the broader context of fundamentals of care, but rather coexist as isolated explorations of specific subelements.

DESIGN

A scoping review was conducted, based on Arksey & O'Malley's (2005) methodological framework and following the PRISMA checklist.

METHODS

Using the five recommended steps-identifying the research question; identifying relevant studies; study selection; charting the data; and summarising and reporting the results-three databases were searched: MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE, in February 2019.

RESULTS

Following independent screening by two of the authors, 48 papers were included. From these 48 papers, 33 instruments were identified. Only five of these tools thoroughly assessed psychosocial aspects elements of care (dignity, respect, privacy and patients' choice) through dedicated items.

CONCLUSIONS

This review provides nurses with a synthesis of 33 instruments that assess the psychosocial aspects of care. This provides an important resource to guide measurement of dignity, respect, privacy and patients' choice. The findings also provide guidance to future research in this field.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

This paper reviews and synthesises these instruments to provide a resource to nurses to inform their decisions and practice around measurement and evaluation of these key aspects of care. This provides a useful guide to measure and monitor the improvement of fundamental care delivery in practice and points to strengths and weaknesses of the instruments concerned.

Respecting the privacy of hospitalized patients: An integrative review

BACKGROUND

Privacy is a complicated and obscure concept, which has special meanings in the healthcare environment; therefore, it is essential for healthcare providers to fully understand this concept. However, there is no universally accepted definition for this concept in the texts, and it has been interpreted differently, based on its application.

AIM

To analyze and provide a clear and scientific definition for respect of privacy of hospitalized patients and identify the common aspects of this concept.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study was conducted using the Whittemore and Knafl's modified framework as a conceptual analysis method. Ethical consideration: This study was approved by the Research Council of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. We have respected the ethical requirements required regarding the sources and authorship. Research context and data sources: Using integrative review, a search was performed using national and international databases, including CINAHL, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, and ISI (with no date restriction). The keywords employed during the search process were "privacy of patients," "confidentiality," "and patients' rights." In total, 1345 articles were retrieved from the databases. After the elimination of repetitive studies and with regard to the study objectives, 124 articles, 3 books, and 4 theses were entered into the study. The data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis approach.

FINDINGS

The results were extracted in the form of four, seven, and two themes related to attributes such as physical, informational, social, and psychological and the antecedents and consequences of respecting patient privacy, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Respect for hospitalized patient privacy contains multiple dimensions. Factors affecting the achievement of this concept include individual backgrounds, nature of the disease, and rule of paternalism. The fulfillment of patient privacy leads to such consequences as protection and improvement of human dignity as well as improved communication between the patient and the health team.

On the violation of hospitalized patients' rights: A qualitative study

BACKGROUND:

Nurses have always been known as an advocate for the rights of patients. The recognition of what is perceived as the violation of patients' rights can help nurses to understand patients' concerns and priorities. Thus, it helps nurses play their supportive roles more effectively.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to explore different dimensions of the violation of patients' rights.

RESEARCH DESIGN:

Data were collected utilizing unstructured interviews and field notes. Data analysis was conducted using the qualitative content analysis approach. Prolonged engagement, maximum variation sampling, and member check were among the factors which enriched the research.

PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT:

The sample consisted of 18 patients and 11 members of their families. They were purposively selected from two hospitals in Tehran during 2009-2012.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:

The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the university and hospitals.

FINDING:

The patients' rights were violated in a variety of ways. There were three main dimensions to this issue: (a) care recession including deprivation of the caregiver's presence and the delay/lack of needed responses; (b) receiving mechanical care including superficiality, lack of emotion, and failure to understand the situation; and (c) being disrespected including humility and aggression.

CONCLUSION:

The patients and their families consider any shortcomings in relation to the patient and the quality of care as the violation of the rights. The findings of the study imply sensitizing managers toward providing appropriate conditions as well as educating nurses to observe patients' rights. It is suggested that the processes leading to the violation of patients' rights be discovered and prevented in the future.