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Breast Cancer and Arsenic Anticancer Effects: Systematic Review of the Experimental Data from In Vitro Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8030931. [PMID: 36619302 PMCID: PMC9815927 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8030931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a known environmental carcinogenic agent. However, under certain circumstances, it may exert anticancer effects. In this systematic review, we aim to provide information on recent developments in studies on arsenic antitumor effects in breast cancer. Research included in the review refers to experimental data from in vitro studies. The data was collected using search terms "breast cancer," "arsenic," and "anticancer" (25.05.2021). Only studies in English and published in the last 10 years were included. The search identified 123 studies from the EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Scopus databases. In the selection process, thirty full-texts were evaluated as eligible for the review. The literature of the last decade provides a lot of information on mechanisms behind anticancer effects of arsenic on breast cancer. Similar to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, these mechanisms include the activation of the redox system and the increased production of free radicals. Targets of arsenic action are systems of cell membranes, mitochondria, pathways of intracellular transmission, and the genetic apparatus of the cell. Beneficial effects of arsenic use are possible due to significant metabolic differences between cancer and healthy cells. Further efforts are needed in order to establish modes and doses of treatment with arsenic that would provide anticancer activity with minimal toxicity.
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Yuan K, Song W, Liu Z, Lin GN, Yu S. Mendelian Randomization and GWAS Meta Analysis Revealed the Risk-Increasing Effect of Schizophrenia on Cancers. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1345. [PMID: 36138824 PMCID: PMC9495962 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The causal relationship between cancer and Schizophrenia (SCZ) remains controversial. Some researchers have found that SCZ is a cancer-preventive factor in cohort studies or meta-analyses, whereas others have found the opposite. To understand more about this issue, we used two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) on available GWAS summary results to evaluate potential genetic connections between SCZ and 13 cancers. We discovered that the genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia lead to an increasing risk of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] per log-odds increase in schizophrenia risk: 1.049, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.023-1.075; p = 0.00012; FDR = 0.0017), ovarian cancer (OR, 1.326; 95% CI, 1.267-1.387; p = 0.0007; FDR = 0.0045), and thyroid cancer (OR, 1.575; 95% CI, 1.048-2.365; p = 0.0285; FDR = 0.123). Secondly, we performed a meta-analysis based on the GWAS summary statistics of SCZ and the three significant cancers. Next, we associated genetic variants to genes using two gene mapping strategies: (a) positional mapping based on genomic proximity and (b) expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping based on gene expression linkage across multiple tissues. As a result, we identified 114 shared loci and 437 shared genes in three groups, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis shows that the most enriched biological pathways are related to epigenetic modification. In addition, we noticed that SCZ would affect the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (OR, 1.095; 95% CI, 1.006-1.191; p = 0.0354; FDR = 0.177), which may further affect the level of estrogen and the risk of the above three cancers. In conclusion, our findings under the 2SMR assumption provide crucial insights into the risk-increasing effect of SCZ on three cancers' risk. Furthermore, these results may provide insights into understanding the genetic predisposition and underlying biological pathways of comorbid SCZ and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Weichen Song
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guan Ning Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, China
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Pruteanu LL, Braicu C, Módos D, Jurj MA, Raduly LZ, Zănoagă O, Magdo L, Cojocneanu R, Paşca S, Moldovan C, Moldovan AI, Ţigu AB, Gurzău E, Jäntschi L, Bender A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Targeting Cell Death Mechanism Specifically in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094784. [PMID: 35563174 PMCID: PMC9099741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is currently associated with a lack of treatment options. Arsenic derivatives have shown antitumoral activity both in vitro and in vivo; however, their mode of action is not completely understood. In this work we evaluate the response to arsenate of the double positive MCF-7 breast cancer cell line as well as of two different TNBC cell lines, Hs578T and MDA-MB-231. Multimodal experiments were conducted to this end, using functional assays and microarrays. Arsenate was found to induce cytoskeletal alteration, autophagy and apoptosis in TNBC cells, and moderate effects in MCF-7 cells. Gene expression analysis showed that the TNBC cell lines’ response to arsenate was more prominent in the G2M checkpoint, autophagy and apoptosis compared to the Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMEC) and MCF-7 cell lines. We confirmed the downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes (MCL1, BCL2, TGFβ1 and CCND1) by qRT-PCR, and on the protein level, for TGFβ2, by ELISA. Insight into the mode of action of arsenate in TNBC cell lines it is provided, and we concluded that TNBC and non-TNBC cell lines reacted differently to arsenate treatment in this particular experimental setup. We suggest the future research of arsenate as a treatment strategy against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia-Lorena Pruteanu
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (L.-L.P.); (D.M.); (A.B.)
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400377 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.M.); (A.I.M.); (A.B.Ț.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, North University Center at Baia Mare, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 4800 Baia Mare, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-A.J.); (L.-Z.R.); (O.Z.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (I.B.-N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dezső Módos
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (L.-L.P.); (D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria-Ancuţa Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-A.J.); (L.-Z.R.); (O.Z.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Lajos-Zsolt Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-A.J.); (L.-Z.R.); (O.Z.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Oana Zănoagă
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-A.J.); (L.-Z.R.); (O.Z.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Lorand Magdo
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-A.J.); (L.-Z.R.); (O.Z.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-A.J.); (L.-Z.R.); (O.Z.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Sergiu Paşca
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-A.J.); (L.-Z.R.); (O.Z.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Cristian Moldovan
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400377 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.M.); (A.I.M.); (A.B.Ț.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alin Iulian Moldovan
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400377 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.M.); (A.I.M.); (A.B.Ț.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Bogdan Ţigu
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400377 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.M.); (A.I.M.); (A.B.Ț.)
| | - Eugen Gurzău
- Environmental Health Center, 400240 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Lorentz Jäntschi
- Institute for Doctoral Studies, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreas Bender
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (L.-L.P.); (D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-A.J.); (L.-Z.R.); (O.Z.); (L.M.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (I.B.-N.)
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Current Advances of Nanomedicines Delivering Arsenic Trioxide for Enhanced Tumor Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040743. [PMID: 35456577 PMCID: PMC9026299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is one of the first-line chemotherapeutic drugs for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Its anti-cancer activities against various human neoplastic diseases have been extensively studied. However, the clinical use of ATO for solid tumors is limited, and these limitations are because of severe systemic toxicity, low bioavailability, and quick renal elimination before it reaches the target site. Although without much success, several efforts have been made to boost ATO bioavailability toward solid tumors without raising its dose. It has been found that nanomedicines have various advantages for drug delivery, including increased bioavailability, effectiveness, dose-response, targeting capabilities, and safety as compared to traditional drugs. Therefore, nanotechnology to deliver ATO to solid tumors is the main topic of this review, which outlines the previous and present medical applications of ATO. We also summarised ATO anti-cancer mechanisms, limitations, and outcomes of combinatorial treatment with chemo agents. As a result, we strongly recommend conducting pre-clinical and clinical studies of ATO, especially nano-system-based ones that might lead to a novel combination therapy for cancer treatment with high efficacy, bioavailability, and low toxicity for cancer patients.
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Sönksen M, Kerl K, Bunzen H. Current status and future prospects of nanomedicine for arsenic trioxide delivery to solid tumors. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:374-398. [PMID: 34309879 DOI: 10.1002/med.21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite having a rich history as a poison, arsenic and its compounds have also gained a great reputation as promising anticancer drugs. As a pioneer, arsenic trioxide has been approved for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Many in vitro studies suggested that arsenic trioxide could also be used in the treatment of solid tumors. However, the transition from bench to bedside turned out to be challenging, especially in terms of the drug bioavailability and concentration reaching tumor tissues. To address these issues, nanomedicine tools have been proposed. As nanocarriers of arsenic trioxide, various materials have been examined including liposomes, polymer, and inorganic nanoparticles, and many other materials. This review gives an overview of the existing strategies of delivery of arsenic trioxide in cancer treatment with a focus on the drug encapsulation approaches and medicinal impact in the treatment of solid tumors. It focuses on the progress in the last years and gives an outlook and suggestions for further improvements including theragnostic approaches and targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Sönksen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kornelius Kerl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hana Bunzen
- Chair of Solid State and Materials Chemistry, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Wahiduzzaman M, Ota A, Hosokawa Y. Novel Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-cancer Mode of Arsenic Trioxide. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:115-129. [PMID: 31736446 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191021122006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, a naturally-occurring toxic element, and a traditionally-used drug, has received a great deal of attention worldwide due to its curative anti-cancer properties in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Among the arsenicals, arsenic trioxide has been most widely used as an anti-cancer drug. Recent advances in cancer therapeutics have led to a paradigm shift away from traditional cytotoxic drugs towards the targeting of proteins closely associated with driving the cancer phenotype. Due to the diverse anti-cancer effects of ATO on different types of malignancies, numerous studies have made efforts to uncover the mechanisms of ATO-induced tumor suppression. From in vitro cellular models to studies in clinical settings, ATO has been extensively studied. The outcomes of these studies have opened doors to establishing improved molecular-targeted therapies for cancer treatment. The efficacy of ATO has been augmented by combination with other drugs. In this review, we discuss recent arsenic-based cancer therapies and summarize the novel underlying molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects of ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Wahiduzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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Maimaitiyiming Y, Wang QQ, Hsu CH, Naranmandura H. Arsenic induced epigenetic changes and relevance to treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia and beyond. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 406:115212. [PMID: 32882258 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations regulate gene expression without changes in the DNA sequence. It is well-demonstrated that aberrant epigenetic changes contribute to the leukemogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is one of the most common drugs used in the frontline treatment of APL that act through targeting and destabilizing the PML/RARα oncofusion protein. ATO together with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) lead to durable remission of more than 90% non-high-risk APL patients, turning APL treatment into a paradigm of oncoprotein targeted cure. Although relapse and drug resistance in APL are yet to be resolved in the clinic, epigenetic machineries might hold the key to address this issue. Further, ATO also showed promising anticancer activities against a variety of malignancies, but its application is particularly restricted due to limited understanding of the mechanism. Thus, a thorough understanding of epigenetic mechanism behind anti-leukemic effects of ATO would benefit the development of ATO-based anticancer strategy. Role of ATRA on APL associated epigenetic alterations has been extensively studied and reviewed. Recently, accumulating evidence suggest that ATO also induces some epigenetic changes that might favor APL eradication. In this article, we comprehensively discuss arsenic induced epigenetic changes and its relevance in APL treatment and beyond, so as to provide novel insights into overcoming arsenic resistance in APL and promote application of this drug to other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasen Maimaitiyiming
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- Department of Public Health, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Arsenic trioxide and BIBR1532 synergistically inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation through attenuation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 257:118060. [PMID: 32645343 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Despite the remarkable anti-proliferative effects of Arsenic trioxide (ATO) in breast cancer cells, the requirement of high, toxic concentrations to induce apoptosis may cause serious side effects in patients. In the present study, we aimed to use BIBR1532, an hTERT inhibitor, in combination with ATO to sensitize MCF7 and MDA-231 cells to lower concentrations of ATO. MAIN METHODS Breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-231 were cultured and treated with different doses of ATO and BIBR1532 for 48 h and its effects on cell survival and proliferation were analyzed by MTT, crystal violet staining, colony formation assay, cell cycle, AnnexinV/PI and Real-time PCR tests. KEY FINDINGS ATO and BIBR1532 synergistically inhibited proliferation and colony-forming ability of breast cancer cells. Besides, BIBR1532 augmented ATO-induced cytotoxic effects via triggering G1 cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis coupled with the down-regulation of NF-κB target genes that were involved in cell cycle progression (e.g. CCND1 and CDK6) and prevention of apoptosis such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, c-IAP2, and Survivin Respectively. Moreover, ATO-BIBR1532 significantly reduced the mRNA expression level of RELA, NFKB1, and several validated target genes of the NF-κB signaling pathway including NFKBIA, VEGFC, c-Myc, and hTERT. SIGNIFICANCE The combination of ATO and BIBR1532 synergistically induced its anti-proliferative effect in breast cancer cells by targeting the two key cancer-related pathways, hTERT and NF-κB, and disrupting their feed-forward loop at the same time which result in the reduction of NF-κB transcriptional activity and subsequent down-regulation of its target genes.
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Park HK, Han BR, Park WH. Combination of Arsenic Trioxide and Valproic Acid Efficiently Inhibits Growth of Lung Cancer Cells via G2/M-Phase Arrest and Apoptotic Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072649. [PMID: 32290325 PMCID: PMC7177455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO; As2O3) has anti-cancer effects in various solid tumors as well as hematological malignancy. Valproic acid (VPA), which is known to be a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has also anti-cancer properties in several cancer cells including lung cancer cells. Combined treatment of ATO and VPA (ATO/VPA) could synergistically enhance anti-cancer effects and reduce ATO toxicity ATO. In this study, the combined anti-cancer effects of ATO and VPA (ATO/VPA) was investigated in NCI-H460 and NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. A combination of 3 μM ATO and 3 mM VPA (ATO/VPA) strongly inhibited the growths of both lung cancer cell types. DNA flow cytometry indicated that ATO/VPA significantly induced G2/M-phase arrest in both cell lines. In addition, ATO/VPA strongly increased the percentages of sub-G1 cells and annexin V-FITC positive cells in both cells. However, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from cells was not increased in ATO/VPA-treated cells. In addition, ATO/VPA increased apoptosis in both cell types, accompanied by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ∆Ψm), activation of caspases, and cleavage of anti-poly ADP ribose polymerase-1. Moreover, a pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD, significantly reduced apoptotic cell death induced by ATO/VPA. In the xenograft model, ATO/VPA synergistically inhibited growth of NCI-H460-derived xenograft tumors. In conclusion, the combination of ATO/VPA effectively inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells through G2/M-phase arrest and apoptotic cell death, and had a synergistic antitumor effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Woo Hyun Park
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3079; Fax: +82-63-274-9892
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Chen YJ, Huang CH, Shi YJ, Lee YC, Wang LJ, Chang LS. The suppressive effect of arsenic trioxide on TET2-FOXP3-Lyn-Akt axis-modulated MCL1 expression induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 358:43-55. [PMID: 30213730 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been reported to inhibit the activity of Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET). TET modulates FOXP3 expression, while dysregulation of FOXP3 expression promotes the malignant progression of leukemia cells. We examined the role of TET-FOXP3 axis in the cytotoxic effects of ATO on the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line, U937. ATO-induced apoptosis in U937 cells was characterized by activation of caspase-3/-9, mitochondrial depolarization, and MCL1 downregulation. In addition, ATO-treated U937 cells showed ROS-mediated inhibition of TET2 transcription, leading to downregulation of FOXP3 expression and in turn, suppression of FOXP3-mediated activation of Lyn and Akt. Overexpression of FOXP3 or Lyn minimized the suppressive effect of ATO on Akt activation and MCL1 expression. Promoter luciferase activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the crucial role of Akt-mediated CREB phosphorylation in MCL1 transcription. Further, ATO-induced Akt inactivation promoted GSK3β-mediated degradation of MCL1. Transfection of constitutively active Akt expression abrogated ATO-induced MCL1 downregulation. MCL1 overexpression lessened the ATO-induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane and increased the viability of ATO-treated cells. Thus, our data suggest that ATO induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in U937 cells through its suppressive effect on TET2-FOXP3-Lyn-Akt axis-modulated MCL1 transcription and protein stabilization. Our findings also indicate that the same pathway underlies ATO-induced death in human leukemia HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jung Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Mesbahi Y, Zekri A, Ghaffari SH, Tabatabaie PS, Ahmadian S, Ghavamzadeh A. Blockade of JAK2/STAT3 intensifies the anti-tumor activity of arsenic trioxide in acute myeloid leukemia cells: Novel synergistic mechanism via the mediation of reactive oxygen species. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:65-76. [PMID: 30012499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential mediators of crucial cellular processes including apoptosis, proliferation, survival and cell cycle. Their regulatory role in cancer progression has seen in different human malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML patients suffer from high resistance of the tumors against routine therapeutics including ATO. ATO enhance reactive oxygen species levels and induce apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in AML cells. However, some pathways such as JAK2/STAT3 ease anti-tumor activity of ATO by reducing reactive oxygen species amount and protecting the cell from apoptosis. In the present study, we use ruxolitinib (potent JAK2 inhibitor) to increase the sensitivity of AML cells to ATO treatment. We test, the effect of this combination on metabolic activity, proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, oxidative stress and DNA damage. Our results showed that combination of ATO with ruxolitinib synergistically reduced metabolic activity, proliferation and survival of AML cell lines. This combination induced G1/S cell cycle arrest because of reactive oxygen species elevation and GSH reduction. Besides, enhancement of reactive oxygen species increased apoptosis rate in combination samples. We uncovered that the synergistic anti-tumor effect of ATO and ruxolitinib in AML cells mediates via reactive oxygen species elevation and DNA damage. Overall, our results show that the combinatorial therapy of AML cells is more effective than solo-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Mesbahi
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zekri
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Hassani S, Khaleghian A, Ahmadian S, Alizadeh S, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH. Redistribution of cell cycle by arsenic trioxide is associated with demethylation and expression changes of cell cycle related genes in acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line (NB4). Ann Hematol 2017; 97:83-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Shi Y, Cao T, Huang H, Lian C, Yang Y, Wang Z, Ma J, Xia J. Arsenic trioxide inhibits cell growth and motility via up-regulation of let-7a in breast cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2396-2403. [PMID: 28980872 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1387699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been reported to exert its anti-cancer activities in human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of ATO-triggered anti-tumor activity has not been fully elucidated. Recently, multiple studies demonstrated that ATO could regulate miRNAs in human cancers. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether ATO regulated let-7a in breast cancer cells. We found that ATO upregulated let-7a level in breast cancer cells. We also found that up-regulation of let-7a inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis and retarded cell migration and invasion. We also observed that up-regulation of let-7a enhanced cell growth inhibition and invasion suppression induced by ATO treatment. Our findings suggest that ATO suppressed cell growth, stimulated apoptosis, and retarded cell invasion partly via upregulation of let-7a in breast cancer cells. Our study provides a new anti-tumor mechanism of ATO treatment in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu , Anhui , China
| | - Tong Cao
- b Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Science , Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhui , China
| | - Hua Huang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu , Anhui , China
| | - Chaoqun Lian
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu , Anhui , China
| | - Ying Yang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu , Anhui , China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu , Anhui , China.,c Department of Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,d The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jia Ma
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu , Anhui , China
| | - Jun Xia
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu , Anhui , China
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14
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Zhang J, Wen X, Liu N, Li YQ, Tang XR, Wang YQ, He QM, Yang XJ, Zhang PP, Ma J, Sun Y. Epigenetic mediated zinc finger protein 671 downregulation promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inhibiting cell cycle arrest. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:147. [PMID: 29052525 PMCID: PMC5649082 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Epigenetic abnormalities play important roles in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), however, the epigenetic changes associated with abnormal cell proliferation remain unclear. Methods We detected epigenetic change of ZNF671 in NPC tissues and cell lines by bisulfite pyrosequencing. We evaluated zinc finger protein 671 (ZNF671) expression in NPC cell lines and clinical tissues using real-time PCR and western blotting. Then, we established NPC cell lines that stably overexpressed ZNF671 and knocked down ZNF671 expression to explore its function in NPC in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the potential mechanism of ZNF671 by identifying the mitotic spindle and G2/M checkpoint pathways pathway downstream genes using gene set enrichment analysis, flow cytometry and western blotting. Results ZNF671 was hypermethylated in NPC tissues and cell lines. The mRNA and protein expression of ZNF671 was down-regulated in NPC tissues and cell lines and the mRNA expression could be upregulated after the demethylation agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment. Overexpression of ZNF671 suppressed NPC cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro; silencing ZNF671 using a siRNA had the opposite effects. Additionally, overexpression of ZNF671 reduced the tumorigenicity of NPC cells in xenograft model in vivo. The mechanism study determined that overexpressing ZNF671 induced S phase arrest in NPC cells by upregulating p21 and downregulating cyclin D1 and c-myc. Conclusions Epigenetic mediated zinc finger protein 671 downregulation promotes cell proliferation and enhances tumorigenicity by inhibiting cell cycle arrest in NPC, which may represent a novel potential therapeutic target. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0621-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qin Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ran Tang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qin Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Mei He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Al-Eryani L, Waigel S, Jala V, Jenkins SF, States JC. Cell cycle pathway dysregulation in human keratinocytes during chronic exposure to low arsenite. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 331:130-134. [PMID: 28595984 PMCID: PMC5957280 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is naturally prevalent in the earth's crust and widely distributed in air and water. Chronic low arsenic exposure is associated with several cancers in vivo, including skin cancer, and with transformation in vitro of cell lines including immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Arsenic also is associated with cell cycle dysregulation at different exposure levels in multiple cell lines. In this work, we analyzed gene expression in HaCaT cells to gain an understanding of gene expression changes contributing to transformation at an early time point. METHODS HaCaT cells were exposed to 0 or 100nM NaAsO2 for 7weeks. Total RNA was purified and analyzed by microarray hybridization. Differential expression with fold change≥|1.5| and p-value≤0.05 was determined using Partek Genomic Suite™ and pathway and network analyses using MetaCore™ software (FDR≤0.05). Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. RESULTS 644 mRNAs were differentially expressed. Cell cycle/cell cycle regulation pathways predominated in the list of dysregulated pathways. Genes involved in replication origin licensing were enriched in the network. Cell cycle assay analysis showed an increase in G2/M compartment in arsenite-exposed cells. CONCLUSIONS Arsenite exposure induced differential gene expression indicating dysregulation of cell cycle control, which was confirmed by cell cycle analysis. The results suggest that cell cycle dysregulation is an early event in transformation manifested in cells unable to transit G2/M efficiently. Further study at later time points will reveal additional changes in gene expression related to transformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Al-Eryani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Sabine Waigel
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Venkatakrishna Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Samantha F Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - J Christopher States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
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