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Kim M, Jang HJ, Baek SY, Choi KJ, Han DH, Sung JS. Regulation of base excision repair during adipogenesis and osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16384. [PMID: 37773206 PMCID: PMC10542337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can differentiate into various lineages, such as chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and neuronal lineages. It has been shown that the high-efficiency DNA-repair capacity of hMSCs is decreased during their differentiation. However, the underlying its mechanism during adipogenesis and osteogenesis is unknown. Herein, we investigated how alkyl-damage repair is modulated during adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, especially focusing on the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Response to an alkylation agent was assessed via quantification of the double-strand break (DSB) foci and activities of BER-related enzymes during differentiation in hMSCs. Adipocytes showed high resistance against methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)-induced alkyl damage, whereas osteoblasts were more sensitive than hMSCs. During the differentiation, activities, and protein levels of uracil-DNA glycosylase were found to be regulated. In addition, ligation-related proteins, such as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) and DNA polymerase β, were upregulated in adipocytes, whereas their levels and recruitment declined during osteogenesis. These modulations of BER enzyme activity during differentiation influenced DNA repair efficiency and the accumulation of DSBs as repair intermediates in the nucleus. Taken together, we suggest that BER enzymatic activity is regulated in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation and these alterations in the BER pathway led to different responses to alkyl damage from those in hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Baek
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Choi
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Han
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Expression of MUS81 Mediates the Sensitivity of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer to Olaparib. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4065580. [PMID: 35910852 PMCID: PMC9334051 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4065580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This project attempts to clarify the expression of MUS81 in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and the effect on drug sensitivity to Olaparib. We collected clinical surgical samples of patients who were suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), common prostate cancer (PCa), and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and detected the expression of MUS81 in healthy prostate epithelial cells, PCa cells, and androgen-independent PCa cells. We subsequently performed CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry, and Transwell invasion and migration assay to determine the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis abilities of transfected CRPC cells as well as drug toxicity of Olaparib to CRPC cells. The expression of MUS81 indicated marked upregulation in PCa and CRPC tissues, compared with the level of MUS81 in BPH tissues. MUS81 silencing inhibited the proliferation of CRPC cells and promoted their sensitivity to Olaparib. MUS81 silencing in CRPC cells remarkably accelerated cell apoptosis and greatly inhibited cell invasion and metastasis after Olaparib administration. MUS81 silencing in CRPC cells has significantly enhanced the sensitivity of cells to Olaparib, which provides evidence for the prediction of Olaparib resistance in CRPC cells by the MUS81 gene and is expected to become a promising gene target in CRPC therapy.
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Zhang Z, Xiang S, Cui R, Peng H, Mridul R, Xiang M. ILP-2: A New Bane and Therapeutic Target for Human Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:922596. [PMID: 35814477 PMCID: PMC9260022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.922596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis protein-related-like protein-2 (ILP-2), also known as BIRC-8, is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAPs) family, which mainly encodes the negative regulator of apoptosis. It is selectively overexpressed in a variety of human tumors and can help tumor cells evade apoptosis, promote tumor cell growth, increase tumor cell aggressiveness, and appears to be involved in tumor cell resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Several studies have shown that downregulation of ILP-2 expression increases apoptosis, inhibits metastasis, reduces cell growth potential, and sensitizes tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, ILP-2 inhibits apoptosis in a unique manner; it does not directly inhibit the activity of caspases but induces apoptosis by cooperating with other apoptosis-related proteins. Here, we review the current understanding of the various roles of ILP-2 in the apoptotic cascade and explore the use of interfering ILP-2, and the combination of related anti-tumor agents, as a novel strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Siqi Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Ruxia Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Hang Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Roy Mridul
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Mingjun Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
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Karamat U, Ejaz S. Overexpression of RAD50 is the Marker of Poor Prognosis and Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer Patients. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:163-176. [PMID: 33038913 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201009125507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of breast cancer is increasing at an alarming rate and thus demands exploration of the most relevant diagnostic biomarkers. RAD50 is a cancer susceptibility gene that encodes a DNA damage repairing protein. Its role in breast cancer as clinico-pathological specific biomarker has yet to be explored. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the RAD50 expression and its promoter's methylation level variations in breast invasive carcinoma patients having different clinico-pathological features. This study further explored the mutational spectrum of RAD50 and the correlation of its expression with the survival of patients and the effectiveness of drugs used for treatment. METHODS Enrichment analysis of RAD50 was accomplished using the platform of GeneCards. The information regarding RAD50 expression, its promoter methylation and impact on survival of patient was retrieved from TCGA and CPTAC databases. However, the effect of RAD50 expression on tumor's response to various drugs was deduced through the analysis of CCLE and genomic of GDSC dataset. RESULTS The promoter hyper-methylation and elevated expression of RAD50 was documented in various subgroups of breast invasive carcinoma. The subjects having low/medium expression levels were observed to survive longer than patients exhibiting high expression of RAD50 except for post-menopausal subjects. The frequency of missense mutations was higher in RAD50 than truncating mutations. Most of the drugs were found to have a positive correlation with RAD50 expression. CONCLUSION The status of RAD50 promoter's methylation inversely correlates with the expression level of RAD50. While RAD50 is overexpressed in breast cancer patients and thus makes tumor resistant against many anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Karamat
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (IBBB), Faculty of Science, The Islamia University of Bahwalpur, Bahwalpur, Pakistan
| | - Samina Ejaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (IBBB), Faculty of Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahwalpur, Pakistan
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Kim SM, Forsburg SL. Regulation of Structure-Specific Endonucleases in Replication Stress. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9120634. [PMID: 30558228 PMCID: PMC6316474 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication stress results in various forms of aberrant replication intermediates that need to be resolved for faithful chromosome segregation. Structure-specific endonucleases (SSEs) recognize DNA secondary structures rather than primary sequences and play key roles during DNA repair and replication stress. Holliday junction resolvase MUS81 (methyl methane sulfonate (MMS), and UV-sensitive protein 81) and XPF (xeroderma pigmentosum group F-complementing protein) are a subset of SSEs that resolve aberrant replication structures. To ensure genome stability and prevent unnecessary DNA breakage, these SSEs are tightly regulated by the cell cycle and replication checkpoints. We discuss the regulatory network that control activities of MUS81 and XPF and briefly mention other SSEs involved in the resolution of replication intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Kim
- Program in Molecular & Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Susan L Forsburg
- Program in Molecular & Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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