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Opeyemi Bello R, Willis-Powell L, James O, Sharma A, Marsh E, Ellis L, Gaston K, Siddiqui Y. Does Human Papillomavirus Play a Causative Role in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Review Using Bradford Hill's Criteria. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3897. [PMID: 37568712 PMCID: PMC10416874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, prostate cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death among men, and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has a high cancer-related mortality rate. However, the aetiology of this disease is not yet fully understood. While human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with several types of cancer, including cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers, studies investigating the relationship between HPV and prostate cancer have shown mixed results. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the causative association between HPV and prostate cancer using Bradford Hill's criteria. A comprehensive search of PubMed was conducted, and 60 out of 482 studies were included in the review. The included studies were evaluated based on nine Bradford Hill criteria, and information on the identification and transmission of the virus and potential oncogenic mechanisms was also extracted. The strength of association criterion was not met, and other criteria, such as consistency and coherence, were not fulfilled. However, biological plausibility was supported, and potential oncogenic mechanisms were identified. While some studies have reported the presence of HPV in prostate cancer tissues, the overall quality of evidence remains low, and the association between HPV and prostate cancer is weak. Nevertheless, the prostate is a potential reservoir for the transmission of HPV, and the HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins and inflammation are likely to be involved in any oncogenic mechanisms. Further studies with a higher level of evidence are needed to establish a definitive link between HPV and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan Opeyemi Bello
- School of Human Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK; (R.O.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Lily Willis-Powell
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK (K.G.)
| | - Olivia James
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK (K.G.)
| | - Avyay Sharma
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK (K.G.)
| | - Elizabeth Marsh
- School of Human Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK; (R.O.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Libby Ellis
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK (K.G.)
| | - Kevin Gaston
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK (K.G.)
| | - Yusra Siddiqui
- School of Human Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK; (R.O.B.); (E.M.)
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Wang Q, Sun Z, Li J, Qin T, Ma H, Chen S, Peng D, Liu X. Identification of a universal antigen epitope of influenza A virus using peptide microarray. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:22. [PMID: 33413356 PMCID: PMC7792037 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hemagglutinin is a major surface protein in influenza A virus (IAV), and HA2 is relative conserved among different IAVs. It will be meaningful to identify broad-spectrum epitopes based on the HA2 protein. Results Overlapping peptides of the HA2 protein of the H5N1 IAV A/Mallard/Huadong/S/2005 were synthesized and loaded on modified silica gel film to form a microarray, and antisera against different subtypes of IAVs were used to screen universal epitopes. The selected epitope was further confirmed by western blotting using anti-peptide immune serum and viruses rescued with amino acid substitution. The results showed that 485-FYHKCDNECME-495 of the H5 14th peptide in HA2 had broad-spectrum binding activity with antisera against H1, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, and H10 subtype IAV. Substitution of amino acids (K or D) in rescued viruses resulted in decreased serum binding, indicating that they were critical residues for serum binding activity. In Immune Epitope Database, some epitopes containing 14–4 peptide were confirmed as MHC-II-restricted CD4 T cell epitope and had effects on releasing IL-2 or IFN. Conclusion The identified epitope should be a novel universal target for detection and vaccine design and its ability to generate immune protection needs further exploration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-020-02725-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhi Li
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Joint Laboratory Safety of International Cooperation of Agriculture & Agricultural-Products, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Joint Laboratory Safety of International Cooperation of Agriculture & Agricultural-Products, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Joint Laboratory Safety of International Cooperation of Agriculture & Agricultural-Products, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
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Lawson JS, Glenn WK. Evidence for a causal role by human papillomaviruses in prostate cancer - a systematic review. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:41. [PMID: 32684946 PMCID: PMC7359253 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesised that high risk for cancer human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have a causal role in prostate cancer. In 26 case control studies, high risk HPVs have been identified in benign and prostate cancers. High risk HPVs were identified in 325 (22.6%) of 1284 prostate cancers and in 113 (8.6%) of 1313 normal or benign prostate controls (p = 0.001). High risk HPVs of the same type have been identified in both normal and benign prostate tissues prior to the development of HPV positive prostate cancer. High risk HPVs can be associated with inflammatory prostatitis leading to benign prostate hyperplasia and later prostate cancer. Normal human prostate epithelial cells can be immortalised by experimental exposure to HPVs. HPVs are probably sexually transmitted. The role of HPVs in prostate cancer is complex and differs from HPVs associated cervical cancer. HPV infections may initiate prostate oncogenesis directly and influence oncogenesis indirectly via APOBEC enzymes. HPVs may collaborate with other pathogens in prostate oncogenesis. Although HPVs are only one of many pathogens that have been identified in prostate cancer, they are the only infectious pathogen which can be prevented by vaccination. A causal role for HPVs in prostate cancer is highly likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Lawson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wendy K Glenn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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