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Mao P, Feng Z, Liu Y, Zhang K, Zhao G, Lei Z, Di T, Zhang H. The Role of Ubiquitination in Osteosarcoma Development and Therapies. Biomolecules 2024; 14:791. [PMID: 39062505 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) maintains intracellular protein homeostasis and cellular function by regulating various biological processes. Ubiquitination, a common post-translational modification, plays a crucial role in the regulation of protein degradation, signal transduction, and other physiological and pathological processes, and is involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant bone tumor, is characterized by high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. It is a refractory bone disease, and the main treatment modalities are surgery combined with chemotherapy. Increasing evidence suggests a close association between UPS abnormalities and the progression of osteosarcoma. Due to the complexity and pleiotropy of the ubiquitination system, each step in the ubiquitination process can be targeted by drugs. In recent years, research and development of inhibitors targeting the ubiquitin system have increased gradually, showing great potential for clinical application. This article reviews the role of the ubiquitination system in the development and treatment of osteosarcoma, as well as research progress, with the hope of improving the therapeutic effects and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients by targeting effective molecules in the ubiquitination system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zuxi Feng
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guanghai Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zeyuan Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Tianning Di
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Liu Y, Li D, Zhang X, Xia S, Qu Y, Ling X, Li Y, Kong X, Zhang L, Cui CP, Li D. A protein sequence-based deep transfer learning framework for identifying human proteome-wide deubiquitinase-substrate interactions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4519. [PMID: 38806474 PMCID: PMC11133436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination regulates a wide range of cellular processes. The degree of protein ubiquitination is determined by the delicate balance between ubiquitin ligase (E3)-mediated ubiquitination and deubiquitinase (DUB)-mediated deubiquitination. In comparison to the E3-substrate interactions, the DUB-substrate interactions (DSIs) remain insufficiently investigated. To address this challenge, we introduce a protein sequence-based ab initio method, TransDSI, which transfers proteome-scale evolutionary information to predict unknown DSIs despite inadequate training datasets. An explainable module is integrated to suggest the critical protein regions for DSIs while predicting DSIs. TransDSI outperforms multiple machine learning strategies against both cross-validation and independent test. Two predicted DUBs (USP11 and USP20) for FOXP3 are validated by "wet lab" experiments, along with two predicted substrates (AR and p53) for USP22. TransDSI provides new functional perspective on proteins by identifying regulatory DSIs, and offers clues for potential tumor drug target discovery and precision drug application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Dianke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Simin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yingjie Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xinping Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiangren Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chun-Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Li A, Wang T, Zhou S, Han J, Wu W. USP17 regulates preeclampsia by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway via deubiquitinating HDAC2. Placenta 2024; 145:9-18. [PMID: 38008034 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ubiquitination is a significant post-translational modification engaged in diverse biological processes, such as cell differentiation, metastasis, and protein stability modulation. The dysregulation of ubiquitination and deubiquitination is inextricably linked to disease progression, including preeclampsia (PE). Ubiquitin-specific protease 17 (USP17), a prominent deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates ubiquitination modifications, performs multiple functions at the cellular level, whereas its role in PE remains elusive. In this study, we intended to probe the role of USP17 in PE and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The USP17 level in the plasma of PE patients was detected through Elisa. Western blot and qRT-PCR were performed to measure the mRNA and protein level of USP17 in placental tissues. CCK-8, EdU, and transwell assays were conducted to evaluate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells. The interaction between HDAC2 and USP17 or STAT1 were determined by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays. The expression of NF-κB pathway related proteins was examined using Western blot. RESULTS USP17 was dramatically downregulated in PE patients. Overexpression of USP17 facilitated trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) was validated as a substrate of USP17 deubiquitination, and USP17 upregulation enhanced HDAC2 protein level. Furthermore, HDAC2 could interact with and deacetylate Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), resulting in the enhancement of STAT1 activity and inhibition of NF-κB signaling. DISCUSSION Our findings disclosed that USP17 augmented the proliferation and invasion of trophoblast by deubiquitinating HDAC2, which will contribute to novel prospective targets for diagnosing and treating PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China.
| | - Shasha Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China
| | - Wujia Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China
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Kim MJ, Piao M, Li Y, Lee SH, Lee KY. Deubiquitinase USP17 Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation by Increasing Osterix Protein Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15257. [PMID: 37894935 PMCID: PMC10607737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are essential for bone remodeling by regulating the differentiation of osteoblast and osteoclast. USP17 encodes for a deubiquitinating enzyme, specifically known as ubiquitin-specific protease 17, which plays a critical role in regulating protein stability and cellular signaling pathways. However, the role of USP17 during osteoblast differentiation has not been elusive. In this study, we initially investigated whether USP17 could regulate the differentiation of osteoblasts. Moreover, USP17 overexpression experiments were conducted to assess the impact on osteoblast differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). The positive effect was confirmed through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and activity studies since ALP is a representative marker of osteoblast differentiation. To confirm this effect, Usp17 knockdown was performed, and its impact on BMP4-induced osteoblast differentiation was examined. As expected, knockdown of Usp17 led to the suppression of both ALP expression and activity. Mechanistically, it was observed that USP17 interacted with Osterix (Osx), which is a key transcription factor involved in osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, overexpression of USP17 led to an increase in Osx protein levels. Thus, to investigate whether this effect was due to the intrinsic function of USP17 in deubiquitination, protein stabilization experiments and ubiquitination analysis were conducted. An increase in Osx protein levels was attributed to an enhancement in protein stabilization via USP17-mediated deubiquitination. In conclusion, USP17 participates in the deubiquitination of Osx, contributing to its protein stabilization, and ultimately promoting the differentiation of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sung Ho Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (M.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kwang Youl Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (M.P.); (Y.L.)
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Regulation of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Osteosarcoma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020398. [PMID: 36830767 PMCID: PMC9953423 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process that has been linked to the promotion of aggressive cellular features in many cancer types. It is characterized by the loss of the epithelial cell phenotype and a shift to a more mesenchymal phenotype and is accompanied by an associated change in cell markers. EMT is highly complex and regulated via multiple signaling pathways. While the importance of EMT is classically described for carcinomas-cancers of epithelial origin-it has also been clearly demonstrated in non-epithelial cancers, including osteosarcoma (OS), a primary bone cancer predominantly affecting children and young adults. Recent studies examining EMT in OS have highlighted regulatory roles for multiple proteins, non-coding nucleic acids, and components of the tumor micro-environment. This review serves to summarize these experimental findings, identify key families of regulatory molecules, and identify potential therapeutic targets specific to the EMT process in OS.
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Proteasome Inhibitors and Their Potential Applicability in Osteosarcoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194544. [PMID: 36230467 PMCID: PMC9559645 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone cancer has seen minimal benefits in therapeutic options in the past 30 years. Proteasome inhibitors present a new avenue of research for the treatment of bone cancer. Proteasome inhibitors impair the function of the proteasome, a structure within the cell that removes unwanted and misfolded proteins. Bone cancer cells heavily rely on the proteasome to properly function and survive. Impairing the proteasome function can have detrimental consequences and lead to cell death. This review provides a thorough summary of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research that has explored proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of bone cancer. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of bone cancer, with ~30% of patients developing secondary/metastatic tumors. The molecular complexity of tumor metastasis and the lack of effective therapies for OS has cultivated interest in exploiting the proteasome as a molecular target for anti-cancer therapy. As our understanding towards the behavior of malignant cells expands, it is evident that cancerous cells display a greater reliance on the proteasome to maintain homeostasis and sustain efficient biological activities. This led to the development and approval of first- and second-generation proteasome inhibitors (PIs), which have improved outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Researchers have since postulated the therapeutic potential of PIs for the treatment of OS. As such, this review aims to summarize the biological effects and latest findings from clinical trials investigating PI-based treatments for OS. Integrating PIs into current treatment regimens may better outcomes for patients diagnosed with OS.
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Basu B, Ghosh MK. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: Shifting gears at the molecular level. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119261. [PMID: 35307468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The process of conversion of non-motile epithelial cells to their motile mesenchymal counterparts is known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a fundamental event during embryonic development, tissue repair, and for the maintenance of stemness. However, this crucial process is hijacked in cancer and becomes the means by which cancer cells acquire further malignant properties such as increased invasiveness, acquisition of stem cell-like properties, increased chemoresistance, and immune evasion ability. The switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype is mediated by a wide variety of effector molecules such as transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifiers. Ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination are two post-translational processes that are fundamental to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) of the cell, and the shift in equilibrium between these two processes during cancer dictates the suppression or activation of different intracellular processes, including EMT. Here, we discuss the complex and dynamic relationship between components of the UPS and EMT in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Basu
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Lin J, McCann AP, Sereesongsaeng N, Burden JM, Alsa'd AA, Burden RE, Micu I, Williams R, Van Schaeybroeck S, Evergren E, Mullan P, Simpson JC, Scott CJ, Burrows JF. USP17 is required for peripheral trafficking of lysosomes. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e51932. [PMID: 35080333 PMCID: PMC8982589 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the deubiquitinase USP17 is induced by multiple stimuli, including cytokines (IL‐4/6), chemokines (IL‐8, SDF1), and growth factors (EGF), and several studies indicate it is required for cell proliferation and migration. However, the mechanisms via which USP17 impacts upon these cellular functions are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that USP17 depletion prevents peripheral lysosome positioning, as well as trafficking of lysosomes to the cell periphery in response to EGF stimulation. Overexpression of USP17 also increases secretion of the lysosomal protease cathepsin D. In addition, USP17 depletion impairs plasma membrane repair in cells treated with the pore‐forming toxin streptolysin O, further indicating that USP17 is required for lysosome trafficking to the plasma membrane. Finally, we demonstrate that USP17 can deubiquitinate p62, and we propose that USP17 can facilitate peripheral lysosome trafficking by opposing the E3 ligase RNF26 to untether lysosomes from the ER and facilitate lysosome peripheral trafficking, lysosome protease secretion, and plasma membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aidan P McCann
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ileana Micu
- Advanced Imaging Core Technology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Emma Evergren
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Paul Mullan
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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USP1 Promotes GC Metastasis via Stabilizing ID2. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:3771990. [PMID: 34873426 PMCID: PMC8643267 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3771990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors all over the world. And recurrence and metastasis are still the main causes of low survival rate for advanced GC. USP1 has been shown overexpressed in multiple cancers, which indicate its important biomarker in tumorigenesis and development. Our study is aimed at defining the exact role of USP1 on GC metastasis and the underlying mechanism. USP1 was firstly found overexpressed in GC tissues and relatively high-expression levels conferred poor survival rates. Then, real-time cellular analysis (RTCA) showed that USP1 knockdown inhibited GC metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, we demonstrated that USP1 promoted GC metastasis via upregulating ID2 expression and further confirmed that USP1 stabilized ID2 expression through deubiquitinating ID2 in GC. In conclusion, our study showed that USP1 promoted GC metastasis via stabilizing ID2 expression, which provides a potential biomarker and therapy target for GC.
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Yang GF, Zhang X, Su YG, Zhao R, Wang YY. The role of the deubiquitinating enzyme DUB3/USP17 in cancer: a narrative review. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:455. [PMID: 34454495 PMCID: PMC8400843 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination is critical for the degradation, transport, localization, and activity of proteins. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) greatly contribute to the balance of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, and they have been widely studied due to their fundamental role in cancer. DUB3/ubiquitin-specific protease 17 (USP17) is a type of DUB that has attracted much attention in cancer research. In this review, we summarize the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of USP17 in central nervous system, head and neck, thoracic, breast, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and gynecologic cancers as well as bone and soft tissue sarcomas, and we provide new insights into how USP17 can be used in the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Fei Yang
- Dept. of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yi-Ge Su
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.,Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan-Yang Wang
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China. .,Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Kozłowska J, Kolenda T, Poter P, Sobocińska J, Guglas K, Stasiak M, Bliźniak R, Teresiak A, Lamperska K. Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNAs in HNSCC: From "Junk DNA" to Important Prognostic Factor. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2949. [PMID: 34204634 PMCID: PMC8231241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. Even a multimodal approach consisting of standard chemo- and radiotherapy along with surgical resection is only effective in approximately 50% of the cases. The rest of the patients develop a relapse of the disease and acquire resistance to treatment. Especially this group of individuals needs novel, personalized, targeted therapy. The first step to discovering such solutions is to investigate the tumor microenvironment, thus understanding the role and mechanism of the function of coding and non-coding sequences of the human genome. In recent years, RNA molecules gained great interest when the complex character of their impact on our biology allowed them to come out of the shadows of the "junk DNA" label. Furthermore, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), specifically the intergenic subgroup (lincRNA), are one of the most aberrantly expressed in several malignancies, which makes them particularly promising future diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review contains characteristics of known and validated lincRNAs in HNSCC, such as XIST, MALAT, HOTAIR, HOTTIP, lincRNA-p21, LINC02487, LINC02195, LINC00668, LINC00519, LINC00511, LINC00460, LINC00312, and LINC00052, with a description of their prognostic abilities. Even though much work remains to be done, lincRNAs are important factors in cancer biology that will become valuable biomarkers of tumor stage, outcome prognosis, and contribution to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kozłowska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Poter
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Centere, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobocińska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki 61 and ul. Wigury, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Stasiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Lamperska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
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12
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Gregoire-Mitha S, Gray DA. What deubiquitinating enzymes, oncogenes, and tumor suppressors actually do: Are current assumptions supported by patient outcomes? Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000269. [PMID: 33415735 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Context can determine whether a given gene acts as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) regulate the stability of many components of the pathways dictating cell fate so it would be expected that alterations in the levels or activity of these enzymes may have oncogenic or tumor suppressive consequences. In the current review we survey publications reporting that genes encoding DUBs are oncogenes or tumor suppressors. For many DUBs both claims have been made. For such "double agents," the effects of gain or loss of function will depend on the overall status of a complex of molecular signaling networks subject to extensive crosstalk. As the TGF-β paradox makes clear context is critical in cell fate decisions, and the disconnect between experimental findings and patient survival outcomes can in part be attributed to disparities between culture conditions and the microenvironment in vivo. Convincing claims for oncogene or tumor suppressor roles require the documentation of gene alterations in patient samples; survival curves are alone inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gregoire-Mitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Douglas A Gray
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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13
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USP17-mediated de-ubiquitination and cancer: Clients cluster around the cell cycle. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 130:105886. [PMID: 33227393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells perform a range of complex processes, some essential for life, others specific to cell type, all of which are governed by post-translational modifications of proteins. Among the repertoire of dynamic protein modifications, ubiquitination is arguably the most arcane and profound due to its complexity. Ubiquitin conjugation consists of three main steps, the last of which involves a multitude of target-specific ubiquitin ligases that conjugate a range of ubiquitination patterns to protein substrates with diverse outcomes. In contrast, ubiquitin removal is catalysed by a relatively small number of de-ubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which can also display target specificity and impact decisively on cell function. Here we review the current knowledge of the intriguing ubiquitin-specific protease 17 (USP17) family of DUBs, which are expressed from a highly copy number variable gene that has been implicated in multiple cancers, although available evidence points to conflicting roles in cell proliferation and survival. We show that key USP17 substrates populate two pathways that drive cell cycle progression and that USP17 activity serves to promote one pathway but inhibit the other. We propose that this arrangement enables USP17 to stimulate or inhibit proliferation depending on the mitogenic pathway that predominates in any given cell and may partially explain evidence pointing to both oncogenic and tumour suppressor properties of USP17.
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14
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Feng L, Zhang J, Sun M, Qiu F, Chen W, Qiu W. Tumor Suppressor LINC02487 Inhibits Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Migration and Invasion Through the USP17-SNAI1 Axis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:559808. [PMID: 33194625 PMCID: PMC7658685 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.559808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the functions and associated mechanisms of long noncoding RNA LINC02487 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods The relative expression levels of LINC02487 in OSCC cell lines and tissue samples were examined by RT-qPCR. Intracellular localization was determined using RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. LINC02487 was cloned into the pCMV-puro vector and then introduced into OSCC cells using lentiviral transfection. Cell processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, were subsequently examined. LINC02487-binding proteins were identified by ChIRP-MS and confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation. Protein expression was determined by western blotting assay. Results LINC02487 has been reported to be downregulated in OSCC. Here, we confirmed that the expression of LINC02487 was reduced in 6 OSCC cell lines compared with that in immortalized normal oral epithelial cells and in 50 OSCC samples compared with paired adjacent normal tissue in a Chinese population and that LINC02487 expression levels were associated with cancer metastasis. We further identified that LINC02487 was localized to the cytoplasm, aggregated around the nuclear membrane. Functional studies demonstrate that overexpression of LINC02487 significantly suppresses cell migration and invasion and also inhibits cell proliferation. For the mechanism, we reveal that LINC02487 directly binds to USP17, a deubiquitinating enzyme, and regulates cell migration and invasion through the USP17-SNAI1 axis in a process that involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conclusion Our results confirm that long noncoding RNA LINC02487 is downregulated in OSCC tissue samples and cell lines. We also find that LINC02487 acts as a tumor suppressor through the USP17-SNAI1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglei Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliu Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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15
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Zhang S, Xu Z, Yuan J, Chen H. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 17 promotes cisplatin resistance via PI3K/AKT activation in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:67-74. [PMID: 32565935 PMCID: PMC7286115 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The suppression of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 17 (USP17) has previously been found to result in reduced tumorigenesis and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of USP17 in NSCLC progression remain unclear. In the present study, cisplatin treatment was found to upregulate USP17 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, USP17-overexpressing (USP17-OE) NSCLC A549 and H1299 cells were generated for mechanistic studies. The results from the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay revealed increased cell proliferation in USP17-OE cells compared with that of control cells. Moreover, the viability of USP17-OE cells was significantly higher than that of the control cells, when treated with cisplatin. The results of the biochemical studies demonstrated enhanced PI3K and AKT phosphorylation in USP17-OE NSCLC cells, whereas USP17-knockdown decreased these levels of phosphorylation. By contrast, an AKT inhibitor abolished the USP17-mediated enhancement of proliferation. Moreover, suppression of USP17 or the combination of the AKT inhibitor and cisplatin significantly reduced cell viability. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that PI3K/AKT activation is the underlying mechanism of USP17-mediated cisplatin resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingpu Branch Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Zhenglang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingpu Branch Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingpu Branch Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingpu Branch Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
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16
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Lai KP, Chen J, Tse WKF. Role of Deubiquitinases in Human Cancers: Potential Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072548. [PMID: 32268558 PMCID: PMC7177317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are involved in various cellular functions. They deconjugate ubiquitin (UBQ) from ubiquitylated substrates to regulate their activity and stability. Studies on the roles of deubiquitylation have been conducted in various cancers to identify the carcinogenic roles of DUBs. In this review, we evaluate the biological roles of DUBs in cancer, including proliferation, cell cycle control, apoptosis, the DNA damage response, tumor suppression, oncogenesis, and metastasis. This review mainly focuses on the regulation of different downstream effectors and pathways via biochemical regulation and posttranslational modifications. We summarize the relationship between DUBs and human cancers and discuss the potential of DUBs as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. This review also provides basic knowledge of DUBs in the development of cancers and highlights the importance of DUBs in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Po Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China;
| | - Jian Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (W.K.F.T.); Tel.: +86-773-5895810 (J.C.); +81-92-802-4767 (W.K.F.T.)
| | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (W.K.F.T.); Tel.: +86-773-5895810 (J.C.); +81-92-802-4767 (W.K.F.T.)
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17
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Luo F, Zhou Z, Cai J, Du W. DUB3 Facilitates Growth and Inhibits Apoptosis Through Enhancing Expression of EZH2 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1447-1460. [PMID: 32110043 PMCID: PMC7035907 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s230577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Here, we probed the action mechanism of ubiquitin-specific processing proteases 17 (DUB3) in the evolution of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods The expression of genes were calculated by qRT-PCR, and proteins were assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The cells viability and proliferation were checked by MTT and EdU assay, respectively. Flow cytometry was implemented to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis. The activity of EZH2 gene promoter was measured by luciferase reporter assay. Co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to ensure the ubiquitination of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4). The cell apoptosis of tumor tissues was assessed by TUNEL assay. Results DUB3 was overexpressed in OSCC tissues and cell lines, and negatively correlated with patient’s survival time. DUB3 downregulation could effectively curb OSCC cells viability and proliferation, promote cell apoptosis and the expression of cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved PARP and p21, while inhibit cyclin D1. Besides, DUB3 production was positivity correlated with enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2) and BRD4. BRD4 downregulation could repress DUB3-induced EZH2 production, and MG132 reversed DUB3 decreasing-mediated BRD4 downregulation. Downregulation of DUB3 promoted BRD4 ubiquitination. DUB3 promoted OSCC cells proliferation, while suppressing apoptosis via facilitating EZH2 production. At last, in vivo experiment indicated that the downregulation of DUB3 significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumor. Conclusion In summary, we found that DUB3 enhanced OSCC cells proliferation and xenograft tumor growth, while inhibited their apoptosis via promoting BRD4-mediated upregulation of EZH2. Our study indicated that DUB3 may be an effective anti-cancer target for OSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luo
- Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Jinzhou, Jinzhou 434000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunyan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Jinzhou, Jinzhou 434000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Jinzhou, Jinzhou 434000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Jinzhou, Jinzhou 434000, People's Republic of China
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18
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Functional analysis of deubiquitylating enzymes in tumorigenesis and development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Kajimura T, Sato S, Murakami A, Hayashi-Okada M, Nakashima K, Sueoka K, Sugino N. Overexpression of carbonyl reductase 1 inhibits malignant behaviors and epithelial mesenchymal transition by suppressing TGF-β signaling in uterine leiomyosarcoma cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1503-1512. [PMID: 31423217 PMCID: PMC6607169 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) has been reported to be involved in cancer progression. Recently, we found that CBR1 overexpression inhibited malignant behaviors and the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in uterine cervical cancer. It remained unclear whether this was also the case in uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS), which is derived from mesenchymal cells and is a much more malignant gynecological tumor. A number of previous studies suggested that malignant behaviors are associated with EMT, even in mesenchymal malignant tumors. In the present study, we investigated whether CBR1 inhibits malignant behaviors and EMT in uLMS. We established clones of uLMS cells (SKN cells) and uterine sarcoma cells (MES-SA cells) that overexpressed CBR1. Cell proliferative, migratory and invasive activities were suppressed by CBR1 overexpression, accompanied by increases in the expressions of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and cytokeratin) and decreases in the expressions of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and fibronectin), suggesting that CBR1 overexpression inhibits malignant behaviors and EMT in uLMS cells. In addition, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production and the subsequent signaling and phosphorylation of Smad were suppressed in the clones. To investigate the association between TGF-β and EMT, SKN cells were treated with TGF-β or a TGF-β receptor blocker (SB431542). EMT was promoted by TGF-β and inhibited by SB431542. In conclusion, this is the first study, to the best of the authors' knowledge, showing that CBR1 overexpression inhibits malignant behaviors and EMT in uLMS cells. The present study provided novel insight demonstrating that the suppressive effect of CBR1 is mediated through TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kajimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Akihiro Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Maki Hayashi-Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kengo Nakashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sueoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sugino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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20
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Hu B, Deng T, Ma H, Liu Y, Feng P, Wei D, Ling N, Li L, Qiu S, Zhang L, Peng B, Liu J, Ye M. Deubiquitinase DUB3 Regulates Cell Cycle Progression via Stabilizing Cyclin A for Proliferation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040297. [PMID: 30935108 PMCID: PMC6523561 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The deubiquitinase DUB3 is frequently overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and contributes to its malignant phenotype. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of DUB3 in NSCLC is largely unknown. In this study, we report that DUB3 regulates cell cycle progression by deubiquitinating cyclin A that links to proliferation of NSCLC cells. We found that knockdown of DUB3 decreases cyclin A levels, whereas overexpression of DUB3 strongly increases cyclin A levels. Mechanistically, DUB3 interacts with cyclin A, which removes the polyubiquitin chains conjugated onto cyclin A and stabilizes the cyclin A protein. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DUB3 regulates cell cycle progression by stabilizing cyclin A, because ablation of DUB3 arrests cell cycle from G0/G1 to S phase and the resulting effect can be rescued by introducing cyclin A into NSCLC cells. Functionally, we found that the effect of DUB3 on cyclin A mediates proliferation of NSCLC cells. Moreover, a significant correlation between DUB3 abundance and cyclin A expression levels were also found in NSCLC samples. Taken together, these results reveal that DUB3 functions as a novel cyclin A regulator through maintaining cyclin A stability, and that the DUB3-cyclin A signaling axis plays a critical role in cell cycle progression for proliferation of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Tanggang Deng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Hongchang Ma
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Peifu Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Dong Wei
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Neng Ling
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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21
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Zhang Q, Zhang ZY, Du H, Li SZ, Tu R, Jia YF, Zheng Z, Song XM, Du RL, Zhang XD. DUB3 deubiquitinates and stabilizes NRF2 in chemotherapy resistance of colorectal cancer. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2300-2313. [PMID: 30778200 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) is one of the master regulators that control hundreds of genes containing antioxidant response elements (AREs). The NRF2-ARE pathway plays a complex role in colorectal cancer (CRC). NRF2 activity is known to be regulated by KEAP1-CUL3 E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitination, indicating the importance of deubiquitination regulation. However, the deubiquitinase (DUB) of NRF2 remains unknown. Here, by screening a DUB library, we identified DUB3 as a DUB that remarkably stabilized NRF2. Further experiments demonstrated that DUB3 promoted NRF2 stability and transcriptional activity by decreasing the K48-linked ubiquitination of NRF2. Coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed interactions between NRF2 and DUB3, as well as between KEAP1 and DUB3, indicating that NRF2, DUB3, and KEAP1 formed a large functional complex. Importantly, ectopic expression of DUB3 caused NRF2-dependent chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer cell lines. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, our findings are the first to identify DUB3 as a NRF2 DUB and may provide a new strategy against chemotherapy resistance in CRC and other NRF2-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Yan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Huan Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Ze Li
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Rongfu Tu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Jia
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei General Hospital, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Min Song
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Run-Lei Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
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22
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Chen X, Wang C, Liao K, Zhou S, Cao L, Chen J, Xu C, Lin Y. USP17 Suppresses Tumorigenesis and Tumor Growth through Deubiquitinating AEP. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:738-748. [PMID: 30906206 PMCID: PMC6429017 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 17 (USP17), a novel member of deubiquitinase, is reported to play essential roles in several solid tumors. However, the expression and function of USP17 in breast cancer tumorigenesis remains ambiguity. Here we found that the mRNA level of USP17 was lower in breast cancer tissues than normal tissues. Meanwhile, higher USP17 level was detected in normal epithelial cell MCF-10A and a less-malignant cell MCF-7 than malignant cell line MDA-MB-231. Inhibition of USP17 in MCF7 cells enhanced tumorigenesis and tumor growth while overexpression of USP17 in malignant MDA-MB-231 cells reduced its tumorigenesis and growth ability in vitro and in vivo. Further study revealed that USP17 interacted with and deubiquitinated Asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP), resulting in decreased protein levels of AEP. Moreover, knockdown of AEP inhibited breast cancer tumorigenesis and growth in vitro and in vivo through the inactivation of ERK signaling. Taken together, our works indicate that USP17 deubiquitinates AEP, down-regulates its protein level, and inhibits breast cancer tumorigenesis through disturbing ERK signaling. Thus, our data suggests that USP17 is a potential tumor suppressor in breast cancer and AEP is a promising target in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- CAS key laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Keman Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sunhai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Tsubakihara Y, Moustakas A. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis under the Control of Transforming Growth Factor β. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113672. [PMID: 30463358 PMCID: PMC6274739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of tumor cells from primary sites of malignancy to neighboring stromal tissue or distant localities entails in several instances, but not in every case, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT weakens the strong adhesion forces between differentiated epithelial cells so that carcinoma cells can achieve solitary or collective motility, which makes the EMT an intuitive mechanism for the initiation of tumor metastasis. EMT initiates after primary oncogenic events lead to secondary secretion of cytokines. The interaction between tumor-secreted cytokines and oncogenic stimuli facilitates EMT progression. A classic case of this mechanism is the cooperation between oncogenic Ras and the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). The power of TGFβ to mediate EMT during metastasis depends on versatile signaling crosstalk and on the regulation of successive waves of expression of many other cytokines and the progressive remodeling of the extracellular matrix that facilitates motility through basement membranes. Since metastasis involves many organs in the body, whereas EMT affects carcinoma cell differentiation locally, it has frequently been debated whether EMT truly contributes to metastasis. Despite controversies, studies of circulating tumor cells, studies of acquired chemoresistance by metastatic cells, and several (but not all) metastatic animal models, support a link between EMT and metastasis, with TGFβ, often being a common denominator in this link. This article aims at discussing mechanistic cases where TGFβ signaling and EMT facilitate tumor cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Tsubakihara
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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McCann AP, Smyth P, Cogo F, McDaid WJ, Jiang L, Lin J, Evergren E, Burden RE, Van Schaeybroeck S, Scott CJ, Burrows JF. USP17 is required for trafficking and oncogenic signaling of mutant EGFR in NSCLC cells. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:77. [PMID: 30409180 PMCID: PMC6225634 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The deubiquitinase USP17 is overexpressed in NSCLC and has been shown to be required for the growth and motility of EGFR wild-type (WT) NSCLC cells. USP17 is also required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis of EGFR. Here, we examine the impact of USP17 depletion on the growth, as well as EGFR endocytosis and signaling, of EGFR mutant (MT) NSCLC cells. In particular, we examine NSCLC cells harboring an EGFR activating exon 19 deletion (HCC827), or both the L858R activating mutation and the T790M resistance gatekeeper mutation (H1975) which renders them resistant to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Methods MTT, trypan blue and clonogenic assays, confocal microscopy, Western blotting and cell cycle analysis were performed. Results USP17 depletion blocks the growth of EGFRMT NSCLC cells carrying either the EGFR exon 19 deletion, or L858R/T790M double mutation. In contrast to EGFRWT cells, USP17 depletion also triggers apoptosis of EGFRMT NSCLC cells. USP17 is required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis in these EGFRMT NSCLC cells, but it is not required for the internalization of the mutated EGFR receptors. Instead, USP17 depletion alters the localization of these receptors within the cell, and although it does not decrease basal EGFR activation, it potently reduces activation of Src, a key kinase in mutant EGFR-dependent tumorigenicity. Finally, we demonstrate that USP17 depletion can trigger apoptosis in EGFRWT NSCLC cells, when combined with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib. Conclusions Our data reveals that USP17 facilitates trafficking and oncogenic signaling of mutant EGFR and indicates targeting USP17 could represent a viable therapeutic strategy in NSCLC tumours carrying either an EGFR activating mutation, or a resistance gatekeeper mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan P McCann
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Peter Smyth
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Francesco Cogo
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - William J McDaid
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lai Jiang
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jia Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Emma Evergren
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Roberta E Burden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - James F Burrows
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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Yildirim N, Kocal GC, Isik Z, Saatli B, Saygili U, Uysal T, Ulukus C, Koyuncuoglu M, Ellidokuz H, Basbinar Y. Ubiquitin-Proteasome Axis, Especially Ubiquitin-Specific Protease-17 ( USP17) Gene Family, is a Potential Target for Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:794-805. [PMID: 30198418 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118799189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate gene expression differences and related functions between primary tumor, malignant cells in ascites, and metastatic peritoneal implant in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. METHODS Biopsies from primary tumor, peritoneal implant, and ascites were collected from 10 patients operated primarily for high-grade, advanced-staged serous ovarian cancer. Total RNA isolation was performed from collected tissue biopsy and fluid samples, and RNA expression profile was measured. Messenger RNA expression profiles of 3 different groups were compared. Functional analyses of candidate genes were carried out by gene ontology and pathway analysis. RESULTS There were significant differences in the expression of 5 genes between primary tumor and peritoneal implant, 979 genes between primary tumor and malignant cells in ascites, and 649 genes between peritoneal implant and malignant cells in ascites. Three commonly enriched gene ontology functions between "primary tumor and malignant cells in the ascites" and "peritoneal implant and malignant cells in the ascites" were protein deubiquitination, ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism, and apoptotic processes. All genes related to these functions belonged to USP17 gene family. CONCLUSION Gene expression difference between primary tumor and the peritoneal implant is not as much as the difference between primary tumor and free cells in the ascites. These results show that malignant cells in the ascites return into its genetic origin after they invade on the peritoneum. Significantly increased expression of DUB-enzyme genes, SNAR gene family, and ribosomal pathway genes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition suggests that this regulation is ubiquitin-proteasome dependent. Especially, this is the first study that offers USP17 as a potential target for epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Yildirim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University and Department of Basic Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University. Ege Üniversitesi Hastanesi, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum AD, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. .,Basic Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Gizem Calibasi Kocal
- Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.,Personalized Medicine and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Isik
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computer Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bahadır Saatli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ugur Saygili
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tugba Uysal
- Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cagnur Ulukus
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meral Koyuncuoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.,Personalized Medicine and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Translational Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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