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Barnes P, Mensah A, Derkyi-Kwarteng L, Adankwa E, Agbo E, Yahaya ES, Amoani B, Adjei G, Apewe Ka-Chungu SM, Akakpo PK, Halm-Lai F, Dankwa K, Amoako-Sakyi D, Nuvor SV, Obiri-Yeboah D, Saahene RO. Prognostic Significance of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (p65) among Breast Cancer Patients in Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. Med Princ Pract 2024; 33:1-11. [PMID: 38723618 PMCID: PMC11324227 DOI: 10.1159/000539241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among African women, with high mortality rates in Ghana. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) has been associated with tumor progression in breast cancer. However, its clinical validation is controversial and understudied with no known published data on NF-kB (p65) among breast cancer patients in Ghana and other African countries. This study assessed the prognostic significance of NF-kB (p65) expression and its association with various clinicopathological features in breast cancer patients. Ninety formalin-fixed breast cancer tissues and 15 normal breast tissues were used to determine the expression of NF-kB (p65) using immunohistochemistry. We explored the correlation between expression of NF-kB (p65) and clinicopathological features. NF-kB (p65) was expressed in 86.7% of breast cancer tissues. There was a significant relationship between NF-kB (p65) expression and tumor grade, proliferation index (Ki67), and molecular subtype. High NF-kB (p65) expression in tumor grade 3 was about 10 times that of grade 1 (54.2% vs. 5.1%), and Ki67 > 20 was 79.7% compared to 20.3% for Ki67 ≤ 20. Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) had 49.1% overexpression of NF-kB (p65) compared to 17%, 25.4%, and 8.5% for luminal A, luminal B, and HER2 cases, respectively. This study demonstrates that NF-kB (p65) was highly expressed among breast cancer patients at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana, especially in TNBC. NF-kB (p65) could serve as a biomarker for cancer stage, progression, prognosis and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious Barnes
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Abraham Mensah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Leonard Derkyi-Kwarteng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Adankwa
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Elvis Agbo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, China
| | - Ewura Seidu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Amoani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - George Adjei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Patrick Kafui Akakpo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Faustina Halm-Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Kwabena Dankwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Daniel Amoako-Sakyi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Victor Nuvor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Roland Osei Saahene
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Lapcik P, Stacey RG, Potesil D, Kulhanek P, Foster LJ, Bouchal P. Global Interactome Mapping Reveals Pro-tumorigenic Interactions of NF-κB in Breast Cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100744. [PMID: 38417630 PMCID: PMC10988130 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
NF-κB pathway is involved in inflammation; however, recent data shows its role also in cancer development and progression, including metastasis. To understand the role of NF-κB interactome dynamics in cancer, we study the complexity of breast cancer interactome in luminal A breast cancer model and its rearrangement associated with NF-κB modulation. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurement of 160 size-exclusion chromatography fractions identifies 5460 protein groups. Seven thousand five hundred sixty eight interactions among these proteins have been reconstructed by PrInCE algorithm, of which 2564 have been validated in independent datasets. NF-κB modulation leads to rearrangement of protein complexes involved in NF-κB signaling and immune response, cell cycle regulation, and DNA replication. Central NF-κB transcription regulator RELA co-elutes with interactors of NF-κB activator PRMT5, and these complexes are confirmed by AlphaPulldown prediction. A complementary immunoprecipitation experiment recapitulates RELA interactions with other NF-κB factors, associating NF-κB inhibition with lower binding of NF-κB activators to RELA. This study describes a network of pro-tumorigenic protein interactions and their rearrangement upon NF-κB inhibition with potential therapeutic implications in tumors with high NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Lapcik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - R Greg Stacey
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Potesil
- Proteomics Core Facility, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kulhanek
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pavel Bouchal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Reimche I, Yu H, Ariantari NP, Liu Z, Merkens K, Rotfuß S, Peter K, Jungwirth U, Bauer N, Kiefer F, Neudörfl JM, Schmalz HG, Proksch P, Teusch N. Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids Isolated from Tylophora ovata as Potent Inhibitors of Inflammation, Spheroid Growth, and Invasion of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810319. [PMID: 36142230 PMCID: PMC9499467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), representing the most aggressive form of breast cancer with currently no targeted therapy available, is characterized by an inflammatory and hypoxic tumor microenvironment. To date, a broad spectrum of anti-tumor activities has been reported for phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids (PAs), however, their mode of action in TNBC remains elusive. Thus, we investigated six naturally occurring PAs extracted from the plant Tylophora ovata: O-methyltylophorinidine (1) and its five derivatives tylophorinidine (2), tylophoridicine E (3), 2-demethoxytylophorine (4), tylophoridicine D (5), and anhydrodehydrotylophorinidine (6). In comparison to natural (1) and for more-in depth studies, we also utilized a sample of synthetic O-methyltylophorinidine (1s). Our results indicate a remarkably effective blockade of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) within 2 h for compounds (1) and (1s) (IC50 = 17.1 ± 2.0 nM and 3.3 ± 0.2 nM) that is different from its effect on cell viability within 24 h (IC50 = 13.6 ± 0.4 nM and 4.2 ± 1 nM). Furthermore, NFκB inhibition data for the additional five analogues indicate a structure–activity relationship (SAR). Mechanistically, NFκB is significantly blocked through the stabilization of its inhibitor protein kappa B alpha (IκBα) under normoxic as well as hypoxic conditions. To better mimic the TNBC microenvironment in vitro, we established a 3D co-culture by combining the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 with primary murine cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and type I collagen. Compound (1) demonstrates superiority against the therapeutic gold standard paclitaxel by diminishing spheroid growth by 40% at 100 nM. The anti-proliferative effect of (1s) is distinct from paclitaxel in that it arrests the cell cycle at the G0/G1 state, thereby mediating a time-dependent delay in cell cycle progression. Furthermore, (1s) inhibited invasion of TNBC monoculture spheroids into a matrigel®-based environment at 10 nM. In conclusion, PAs serve as promising agents with presumably multiple target sites to combat inflammatory and hypoxia-driven cancer, such as TNBC, with a different mode of action than the currently applied chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Reimche
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haiqian Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ni Putu Ariantari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Bali 80361, Indonesia
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kay Merkens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stella Rotfuß
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Karin Peter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Nadine Bauer
- European Institute of Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute of Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Teusch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-81-14163
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Barzaman K, Vafaei R, Samadi M, Kazemi MH, Hosseinzadeh A, Merikhian P, Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Eisavand MR, Dinvari H, Farahmand L. Anti-cancer therapeutic strategies based on HGF/MET, EpCAM, and tumor-stromal cross talk. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 35986321 PMCID: PMC9389806 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As an intelligent disease, tumors apply several pathways to evade the immune system. It can use alternative routes to bypass intracellular signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Wnt, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Therefore, these mechanisms lead to therapeutic resistance in cancer. Also, these pathways play important roles in the proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of cells. In most cancers, these signaling pathways are overactivated, caused by mutation, overexpression, etc. Since numerous molecules share these signaling pathways, the identification of key molecules is crucial to achieve favorable consequences in cancer therapy. One of the key molecules is the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET; c-Met) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Another molecule is the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which its binding is hemophilic. Although both of them are involved in many physiologic processes (especially in embryonic stages), in some cancers, they are overexpressed on epithelial cells. Since they share intracellular pathways, targeting them simultaneously may inhibit substitute pathways that tumor uses to evade the immune system and resistant to therapeutic agents.
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Song X, Greiner-Tollersrud OK, Zhou H. Oral Microbiota Variation: A Risk Factor for Development and Poor Prognosis of Esophageal Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3543-3556. [PMID: 34505256 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that oral microbiota play an important role in the esophageal cancer (EC) initiation and progression, suggesting that oral microbiota is a new risk factor for EC. The composition of the microbes inhabiting the oral cavity could be perturbed with continuous factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and inflammation. The microbial alteration involves the decrease of beneficial species and the increase of pathogenic species. Experimental evidences suggest a significant role of oral commensal organisms in protecting hosts against EC. By contrast, oral pathogens, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, give rise to the risk for developing EC through their pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic activities. The presences of oral dysbiosis, microbial biofilm, and periodontitis in EC patients are found to be associated with invasive cancer phenotypes and poor prognosis. The mechanism of oral bacteria in EC progression is complex, which involves a combination of cytokines, chemokines, oncogenic signaling pathways, cell surface receptors, the degradation of extracellular matrix, and cell apoptosis. From a clinical perspective, good oral hygiene, professional oral care, and rational use of antibiotics bring positive impacts on oral microbial balance, thus helping individuals reduce the risk of EC, inhibiting postoperative complications among EC patients, and improving the efficiency of chemoradiotherapy. However, current oral hygiene practices mainly focus on the oral bacteria-based predictive and preventive purposes. It is still far from implementing microbiota-dependent regulation as a therapy for EC. Further explorations are needed to render oral microbiota a potential target for treating EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Song
- Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole K Greiner-Tollersrud
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
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The relationship between NFKB, HER2, ER expression and anthracycline -based neoadjuvan chemotherapy response in local advanced stadium breast cancer: A cohort study in Eastern Indonesia. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 63:102164. [PMID: 33664949 PMCID: PMC7900636 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard form of treatment for locally advanced breast cancer. Chemoresistence is a problem that limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Therefore, predictive biomarkers are needed to choose the appropriate chemotherapy to the right patient. The role of NF-кb expression as a predictive biomarker of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response needs to be investigated in patients with locally advanced breast cancer who are treated with a regimen of cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-5FU (CAF). Methods This observational study used the prospective cohort method to examine 62 samples. CAF was administered at 3-week intervals for 3 cycles of chemotherapy. The data utilized in this study include the positive and negative expression of NF-κB, ER, and HER2 overexpression. The cases were divided into groups that were responsive and non-responsive to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results The average age in the youngest group was 26 years, and that in the oldest was 66 years. The highest age group was subjects in their 50s, which had 26 cases (41.9%). The majority of the cases were moderate grade with 38 cases (61.3%). The percentage of responsive subjects was higher in the groups with negative NF-κB expression (82.5%), positive HER2 status (85.7%), and negative ER status (71.9%). It was found that 37 cases (59.7%) were responsive to CAF, while 25 cases (40.3%) were non-responsive. There was a significant relationship between NF-κB expression and chemotherapy response (p < 0.05), and the percentage of responsive subjects was higher among those with negative NF-κB expression (82.5%) than positive NF-κB expression (18.2%). Conclusion NF-κB expression, ER status, and HER2 have a significant relationship with the response to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for local advanced breast cancer, and NF-κB expression has the most significant relationship with the chemotherapy response. Therefore, NF-κB expression should be considered as a predictive biomarker for the response to CAF regimens.
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Smart E, Semina SE, Frasor J. Update on the Role of NFκB in Promoting Aggressive Phenotypes of Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa152. [PMID: 32887995 PMCID: PMC7521126 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of breast cancers are diagnosed as estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and respond well to ER-targeted endocrine therapy. Despite the initial treatability of ER+ breast cancer, this subtype still accounts for the majority of deaths. This is partly due to the changing molecular characteristics of tumors as they progress to aggressive, metastatic, and frequently therapy resistant disease. In these advanced tumors, targeting ER alone is often less effective, as other signaling pathways become active, and ER takes on a redundant or divergent role. One signaling pathway whose crosstalk with ER has been widely studied is the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway. NFκB is frequently implicated in ER+ tumor progression to an aggressive disease state. Although ER and NFκB frequently co-repress each other, it has emerged that the 2 pathways can positively converge to play a role in promoting endocrine resistance, metastasis, and disease relapse. This will be reviewed here, paying particular attention to new developments in the field. Ultimately, finding targeted therapies that remain effective as tumors progress remains one of the biggest challenges for the successful treatment of ER+ breast cancer. Although early attempts to therapeutically block NFκB activity frequently resulted in systemic toxicity, there are some effective options. The drugs parthenolide and dimethyl fumarate have both been shown to effectively inhibit NFκB, reducing tumor aggressiveness and reversing endocrine therapy resistance. This highlights the need to revisit targeting NFκB in the clinic to potentially improve outcome for patients with ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Smart
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Svetlana E Semina
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonna Frasor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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El-Kashef DH, Youssef FS, Hartmann R, Knedel TO, Janiak C, Lin W, Reimche I, Teusch N, Liu Z, Proksch P. Azaphilones from the Red Sea Fungus Aspergillus falconensis. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18040204. [PMID: 32290208 PMCID: PMC7231052 DOI: 10.3390/md18040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine-derived fungus Aspergillus falconensis, isolated from sediment collected from the Canyon at Dahab, Red Sea, yielded two new chlorinated azaphilones, falconensins O and P (1 and 2) in addition to four known azaphilone derivatives (3−6) following fermentation of the fungus on solid rice medium containing 3.5% NaCl. Replacing NaCl with 3.5% NaBr induced accumulation of three additional new azaphilones, falconensins Q−S (7−9) including two brominated derivatives (7 and 8) together with three known analogues (10−12). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS data as well as by comparison with the literature. The absolute configuration of the azaphilone derivatives was established based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 5, comparison of NMR data and optical rotations as well as on biogenetic considerations. Compounds 1, 3−9, and 11 showed NF-κB inhibitory activity against the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with IC50 values ranging from 11.9 to 72.0 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina H. El-Kashef
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (D.H.E.-K.); (F.S.Y.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (D.H.E.-K.); (F.S.Y.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rudolf Hartmann
- Institute of Complex Systems: Strukturbiochemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, ICS-6, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
| | - Tim-Oliver Knedel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (T.-O.K.); (C.J.)
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (T.-O.K.); (C.J.)
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Irene Reimche
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany; (I.R.); (N.T.)
| | - Nicole Teusch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany; (I.R.); (N.T.)
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (D.H.E.-K.); (F.S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (P.P.); Tel.: +49-211-81-14163 (Z.L. & P.P.)
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (D.H.E.-K.); (F.S.Y.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (P.P.); Tel.: +49-211-81-14163 (Z.L. & P.P.)
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Pseudopterosin Inhibits Proliferation and 3D Invasion in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Agonizing Glucocorticoid Receptor Alpha. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081992. [PMID: 30103404 PMCID: PMC6222322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudopterosin, produced by the sea whip of the genus Antillogorgia, possesses a variety of promising biological activities, including potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, few studies examined pseudopterosin in the treatment of cancer cells and, to our knowledge, the ability to inhibit triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) proliferation or invasion has not been explored. Thus, we evaluated the as-yet unknown mechanism of action of pseudopterosin: Pseudopterosin was able to inhibit proliferation of TNBC. Interestingly, analyzing breast cancer cell proliferation after knocking down glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) revealed that the antiproliferative effects of pseudopterosin were significantly inhibited when GRα expression was reduced. Furthermore, pseudopterosin inhibited the invasion of MDA-MB-231 3D tumor spheroids embedded in an extracellular-like matrix. Remarkably, the knockdown of GRα in 3D tumor spheroids revealed increased ability of cells to invade the surrounding matrix. In a coculture, encompassing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and MDA-MB-231 cells, and the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) significantly increased compared to a monoculture. Notably, pseudopterosin indicated to block cytokine elevation, representing key players in tumor progression in the coculture. Thus, our results reveal pseudopterosin treatment as a potential novel approach in TNBC therapy.
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