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Murakami K, Shinozaki N, Fujiwara A, Yuan X, Hashimoto A, Fujihashi H, Wang HC, Livingstone MBE, Sasaki S. A Systematic Review of Principal Component Analysis-Derived Dietary Patterns in Japanese Adults: Are Major Dietary Patterns Reproducible Within a Country? Adv Nutr 2019; 10:237-249. [PMID: 30785205 PMCID: PMC6416039 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely used in nutritional epidemiology to derive dietary patterns. However, although PCA-derived dietary patterns are population-dependent, their reproducibility in different populations is largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate whether major dietary patterns are consistently identified among different populations within a country and, if so, how similar these dietary patterns are. We conducted a systematic review of PCA-derived dietary patterns in Japanese adults using PubMed and Web of Science for English articles and Ichushi-Web and CiNii databases for Japanese articles. We assessed the reproducibility of major dietary patterns using congruence coefficients (CCs), with values ≥0.80 considered to represent fair similarity. From 65 articles (80 studies) included in this review, 285 different dietary patterns were identified. Based on the names of these patterns, major dietary patterns were Western (n = 34), Japanese (n = 12), traditional (n = 10), traditional Japanese (n = 9), healthy (n = 18), and prudent (n = 9) patterns. When assessment was limited to high-quality data (i.e., studies based on a sample size ≥200 and use of a validated dietary assessment questionnaire or multiple-day dietary record), the median CC was low for Western (0.44), traditional (0.59), and traditional Japanese (0.31) patterns. Conversely, the median CC was 0.89 for healthy, 0.86 for prudent, and 0.80 for Japanese patterns; and the proportion of pairs with a CC ≥0.80 was 87.3%, 64.3%, and 50.0%, respectively. Characteristics shared among these 3 dietary patterns included higher intakes of mushrooms, seaweeds, vegetables, potatoes, fruits, pulses, and pickles. In conclusion, this systematic review showed that some of the major dietary patterns are relatively reproducible in different populations within a country, whereas others are not. This highlights the importance of careful interpretation of PCA-derived dietary patterns. Our findings in Japan should be confirmed in different countries and globally. This study was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42018087669.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Address correspondence to KM (e-mail: )
| | - Nana Shinozaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Fujiwara
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hashimoto
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fujihashi
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Han-Chieh Wang
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Barbara E Livingstone
- Nutrition Innovation Center for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Chu AHY, Moy FM. Associations of occupational, transportation, household and leisure-time physical activity patterns with metabolic risk factors among middle-aged adults in a middle-income country. Prev Med 2013; 57 Suppl:S14-7. [PMID: 23276774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates physical activity in different domains and its association with metabolic risk factors among middle-aged adults. METHOD The study was performed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from August 2010-August 2011. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose/lipid profile were measured in 686 Malay participants (mean age 45.9 ± 6.5 years). Self-reported physical activity was obtained with the validated IPAQ (Malay version) and categorized into low-, moderate- and high-activity levels across occupational, transportation, household and leisure-time domains. RESULTS Participants spent most of their time on household (567.5, 95% CI: 510-630 MET-minutes/week) and occupational activities (297, 95% CI: 245-330 MET-minutes/week). After adjusted for gender and smoking, participants with low-activity levels in occupational, transport and household domains were associated with significantly higher odds for metabolic syndrome (2.02, 95% CI: 1.33-3.05; 1.49, 95% CI: 1.01-2.21; 1.96, 95% CI: 1.33-2.91). Significantly higher odds for obesity and abdominal obesity were consistently reported among those with low-activity levels across all four domains. CONCLUSION High-activity levels in occupational, transportation and household domains were each negatively associated with metabolic syndrome among our cohort. Increase participation of physical activity across all four domains (including leisure-time activity) should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H Y Chu
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Nanri A, Shimazu T, Ishihara J, Takachi R, Mizoue T, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Reproducibility and validity of dietary patterns assessed by a food frequency questionnaire used in the 5-year follow-up survey of the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study. J Epidemiol 2012; 22:205-15. [PMID: 22343330 PMCID: PMC3798621 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of dietary pattern is increasingly popular in nutritional epidemiology. However, few studies have examined the validity and reproducibility of dietary patterns. We assessed the reproducibility and validity of dietary patterns identified by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in the 5-year follow-up survey of the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study (JPHC Study). METHODS The participants were a subsample (244 men and 254 women) from the JPHC Study. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns from 28- or 14-day dietary records and 2 FFQs. To assess reproducibility and validity, we calculated Spearman correlation coefficients between dietary pattern scores derived from FFQs separated by a 1-year interval, and between dietary pattern scores derived from dietary records and those derived from a FFQ completed after the dietary records, respectively. RESULTS We identified 3 Japanese dietary patterns from the dietary records and 2 FFQs: prudent, westernized, and traditional. Regarding reproducibility, Spearman correlation coefficients between the 2 FFQs ranged from 0.55 for the westernized Japanese pattern in men and the prudent Japanese pattern in women to 0.77 for the traditional Japanese pattern in men. Regarding validity, the corresponding values between dietary records and the FFQ ranged from 0.32 for the westernized Japanese pattern in men to 0.63 for the traditional Japanese pattern in women. CONCLUSIONS Acceptable reproducibility and validity was shown by the 3 dietary patterns identified by principal component analysis based on the FFQ used in the 5-year follow-up survey of the JPHC Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nanri
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, International Clinical Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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