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Lee KX, Quek KF, Ramadas A. Dietary and Lifestyle Risk Factors of Obesity Among Young Adults: A Scoping Review of Observational Studies. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:733-743. [PMID: 38038894 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a growing public health concern worldwide, especially among young adults. This scoping review aims to identify and summarize the current evidence on dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with obesity among young adults. RECENT FINDINGS A scoping review was performed using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search of five electronic databases published from inception to October 2023 was conducted. A total of 46 observational studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The findings suggest that high intake of energy-dense foods, unhealthy eating habits, poor sleep quality, and increased screen time were significant risk factors for obesity among young adults. In contrast, the association between obesity and sedentary behavior, low physical activity levels, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits was inconclusive. The reviewed evidence suggests that unhealthy dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors are associated with an increased risk of obesity among young adults. The findings highlight the need for further research on these modifiable risk factors to prevent and manage obesity among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xin Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kia Fatt Quek
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Amutha Ramadas
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
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Hidaka N, Kurose S, Takao N, Miyauchi T, Nakajima S, Yoshiuchi S, Fujii A, Takahashi K, Tsutsumi H, Habu D, Taniguchi K, Kimura Y. Effect of mastication evaluation and intervention on body composition and biochemical indices in female patients with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:134. [PMID: 37340315 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited number of studies have evaluated the masticatory indices of individuals with obesity who only chew their food a few times and for shorter duration or who were provided with an instructional intervention. This study aimed to examine the effects of a 6-month instructional mastication intervention on the body composition and biochemical indices in female patients with obesity. METHODS Female patients with obesity were randomly classified into a conventional treatment group (CTG; 12 individuals), which only received normal nutritional and exercise guidance, and a mastication intervention group (MIG; 16 individuals), which received an additional mastication guidance. The MIG received guidance on foods requiring increased number of chews and chewing duration, eating techniques, and the proper method of cutting foods. RESULTS Changes in the masticatory, body composition, and biochemical indices were compared before and after the 6-month intervention. The values of body composition indices decreased significantly in both groups; however, the rate of change in body mass index significantly decreased in the MIG. In addition, the values of biochemical indices were significantly decreased in the MIG compared with that in the CTG, which is attributed to the addition of mastication instruction to female patients with obesity. CONCLUSION Increasing the number of chews and duration of chewing times for carbohydrates, which are staple foods, possibly contributed to weight loss and improvement of glucose metabolism. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN, UMIN000025875. Registered on 27 Jan 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Hidaka
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
- Faculty of International Studies, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito, Osaka, 574-8530, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kurose
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Nana Takao
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takumi Miyauchi
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nakajima
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Sawako Yoshiuchi
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Aya Fujii
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tsutsumi
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Daiki Habu
- Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology Division of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Taniguchi
- Faculty of Human Ecology, Department of Aesthetic Design and Technology, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
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Fagnant HS, Armstrong NJ, Lutz LJ, Nakayama AT, Guerriere KI, Ruthazer R, Cole RE, McClung JP, Gaffney-Stomberg E, Karl JP. Self-reported eating behaviors of military recruits are associated with body mass index at military accession and change during initial military training. Appetite 2019; 142:104348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ochiai H, Shirasawa T, Nanri H, Nishimura R, Matoba M, Hoshino H, Kokaze A. Eating quickly is associated with waist-to-height ratio among Japanese adolescents: a cross-sectional survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 74:18. [PMID: 27162638 PMCID: PMC4860764 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-016-0130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Central obesity, based on waist circumference (WC), has more adverse effects on health than general obesity, determined by body mass index. To date, eating quickly has been reported to be risk factors for overweight/obesity among children, adolescents, and adults. In contrast, there are few studies on the relationship between fast eating and central obesity among adolescents, particularly in Japan, where WC is not commonly measured in junior high schools. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between eating quickly and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), an index of central obesity, among adolescents in Japan. Methods Study subjects were 2136 seventh-grade school children (12 or 13 years of age) from Ina town junior high schools in Japan, between 2004 and 2009. Measurements of height, weight, and WC were performed, and information about eating habits was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) for WHtR ≥ 0.5. Results Eating quickly significantly increased the OR for WHtR ≥ 0.5 in boys (OR: 2.05, 95 % CI: 1.31–3.23) and girls (2.09, 1.15–3.81). When compared with the “not eating quickly and not eating until full” group, the OR for WHtR ≥ 0.5 in the “eating quickly and eating until full” group was 2.67 (95 % CI: 1.50–4.73) in boys and 2.59 (1.17–5.73) in girls, whereas that in the “eating quickly and not eating until full” group or the “not eating quickly and eating until full” group was not statistically significant regardless of sex. Conclusions The present study showed that eating quickly was associated with WHtR ≥ 0.5, and “eating quickly and eating until full” had a substantial impact on WHtR ≥ 0.5 among adolescents. This study suggests that modifying fast eating to a slower pace may help prevent central obesity among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Ochiai
- Department of Public Health, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Takako Shirasawa
- Department of Public Health, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Hinako Nanri
- Department of Public Health, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Rimei Nishimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Masaaki Matoba
- Department of Public Health, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Hiromi Hoshino
- Department of Public Health, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Akatsuki Kokaze
- Department of Public Health, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
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Health behaviors of Korean female nursing students in relation to obesity and osteoporosis. Nurs Outlook 2015; 63:504-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yamane M, Ekuni D, Mizutani S, Kataoka K, Sakumoto-Kataoka M, Kawabata Y, Omori C, Azuma T, Tomofuji T, Iwasaki Y, Morita M. Relationships between eating quickly and weight gain in Japanese university students: a longitudinal study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2262-6. [PMID: 25044853 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many cross-sectional studies have reported a relationship between overweight/obesity and eating quickly, but there have been few longitudinal studies to address this relationship in younger populations. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study was to investigate whether eating quickly was related to being overweight in Japanese university students. METHODS Of 1,396 students who underwent a general examination and completed questionnaires at the start of university and before graduation, 1,314 students (676 male and 638 female) of normal body composition [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg m(-2) ] at baseline were included in the analysis. The questionnaires included speed of eating and other lifestyle factors. After a 3-year follow-up, the students whose BMIs were ≥ 25 kg m(-2) were defined as overweight. RESULTS In this study, 38 participants (2.9%) became overweight. In the logistic regression analysis, the risk of being overweight was increased in males [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-5.79; P < 0.01] and in those who ate quickly at baseline (OR: 4.40; 95% CI: 2.22-8.75; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Eating quickly may predict risk of being overweight in Japanese university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Yamane
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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Mizutani S, Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Azuma T, Irie K, Machida T, Yoneda T, Iwasaki Y, Morita M. Factors related to the formation of buccal mucosa ridging in university students. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:58-63. [PMID: 23692316 PMCID: PMC3878356 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.797102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Buccal mucosa ridging (BMR) is known as a clinical sign of clenching, which is one of the major manifestations of bruxism. However, there are few reports about the formation of BMR and no data regarding the association between BMR and factors such as malocclusion. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between BMR and factors such as the number of teeth present, gender, body mass index (BMI), occlusion and clenching habit in university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2101 students (1164 males, 937 females), aged 18-29 years old, were included in the study. BMR and the number of teeth present were recorded and malocclusion was defined using a modified version of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Additional information regarding gender, clenching habit and BMI was collected via a questionnaire. RESULTS Forty-six per cent of the subjects had BMR and the prevalence of BMR in females was significantly higher than that of males (chi square test, p < 0.001). According to logistic regression analysis, the probability of BMR was significantly associated with female gender (OR = 1.501, 95% CI = 1.259-1.790, p < 0.001), crowding (OR = 2.102, 95% CI = 1.706-2.590, p < 0.001) and overjet (OR = 0.585, 95% CI = 0.418-0.818, p = 0.002). On the other hand, BMR was not associated with awareness of clenching habit and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Gender, crowding and overjet were related to the formation of BMR in university students. When evaluating BMR as a clinical sign of clenching, one might have to take factors such as gender and crowding into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Mizutani
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Azuma
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Irie
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Machida
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yoneda
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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