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Garcia MC, Paravidino VB, Lopes CDS, Mediano MFF, Gonçalves TR, de Oliveira AJ, Sichieri R. Sleep duration and quality during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association with physical activity and screen time among Brazilian college students. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24035. [PMID: 38174842 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in sleep patterns have been observed in many countries, as well as changes in physical activity and screen time. The objective was to investigate sleep duration and quality during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with physical activity and screen time. METHODS Cross-sectional study with students from a University in Rio de Janeiro who answered an online questionnaire between August 2020 and March 2021. Physical activity was assessed using IPAQ-SF. Sleep was investigated based on questions about duration and sleep quality change, and screen time through self-reported questions. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the association between physical activity and screen time with sleep duration and quality. Secondary analyses investigated the influence of the isolation time on this association. The confounding factors used were diagnosis of COVID-19, time of isolation, anxiety, depression, skin color, and gender. RESULTS A total of 771 college students with a mean age of 24.5 years (±8.6) answered the questionnaire. About 75% reported more than 8 h of screen time per day and 49.8% were physically inactive. Regarding sleep, 54.9% had worsening sleep, while 40.6% had inadequate sleep duration during the pandemic. Physical activity was associated with improved sleep quality (Odds ratio (OR) 1.72; confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05-2.97). Also, physically active students who spent more than 14 weeks in social isolation demonstrated improved sleep quality (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.02-3.78) compared to physically inactive individuals. No association was observed for sleep duration. No association was observed between screen time and sleep quality, or sleep duration. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was considerable worsening of sleep quality, and physical activity was positively associated with improved sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magno Conceição Garcia
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine Hésio Cordeiro, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vitor Barreto Paravidino
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine Hésio Cordeiro, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Naval School, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia de Souza Lopes
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine Hésio Cordeiro, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Rehder Gonçalves
- Institute of Public Health Studies, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aldair José de Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine Hésio Cordeiro, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sahu DP, Taywade M, Malla PS, Singh PK, Jasti P, Singh P, Sharma P, Das M, U M RB, Gupta K. Screen Time Among Medical and Nursing Students and Its Correlation With Sleep Quality and Attention Span: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e58323. [PMID: 38752049 PMCID: PMC11095820 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screen time is increasing among students and is also known to affect their lifestyle and health. The study investigated the correlation of screen time with sleep quality and attention span. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical and nursing students in November 2021. A total of 192 students were selected randomly and investigated using a structured questionnaire. Sleep behavior was assessed using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Screen time and attention span were measured for each participant. The screen time data was reported as the median with an IQR. Pearson's correlation was performed to assess the correlation between screen time and sleep behavior and screen time and attention span. RESULTS The median screen time for 28 days was 260 (192.2-326.7) hours, and the median non-academic screen time was 250.0 (172.3-328.0) hours. Subjective sleep quality was good among 163 (84.9%) of the study participants. Global sleep quality was poor among 91 (42.2%) participants. The median score of the digit span forward was 6.00 (IQR: 5.00-7.00), and the median score of the digit span backward was 5.00 (IQR: 4.00-6.00). The global sleep score had a strong positive correlation with screen time, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.86. Forward and backward attention spans were not correlated with sleep scores, with correlation coefficients of 0.037 and 0.071, respectively. CONCLUSION Screen time is increasing significantly among medical and nursing undergraduate students, and their sleep is also getting affected. Emphasis should be given to the balance between digitalization and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh P Sahu
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Manish Taywade
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Poojitha Sushma Malla
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Palak K Singh
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Pratima Jasti
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Pushpender Singh
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Preeyal Sharma
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Mukta Das
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Ravi Bharathi U M
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Krati Gupta
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
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Contractor AA, Almeida IM, Fentem A, Griffith EL, Kaur G, Slavish DC. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Sleep Disturbances Among Asian Indians: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1468-1483. [PMID: 37427484 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231184207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Substantial comorbidity exists between posttraumatic stress disorder and sleep disturbances/disorders. Such comorbidities are understudied in minority groups, including Asian Indians residing in countries outside India. Thus, we synthesized the existing literature specific to this group of Asian Indians to determine (a) prevalence estimates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sleep disturbances/disorders; and (b) PTSD-sleep comorbidity estimates. For this systematic review, we searched four databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, PTSDpubs, Web of Science) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Of 3,796 screened articles, 9 articles (10 studies) met inclusion criteria. Study sample sizes ranged from 11 to 2,112 Asian Indians; studies were conducted in Singapore or Malaysia. No reviewed study examined PTSD. All studies examined sleep disturbances/disorders among Asian Indians; prevalence estimates were: 8.3% to 70.4% for short sleep duration, 2.0% to 22.9% for long sleep duration, 25.9% to 56.3% for poor sleep quality, 3.4% to 67.5% for insomnia diagnosis or probable insomnia, 7.7% for excessive daytime sleepiness, 3.8% to 54.6% for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis or high OSA risk, and 5.1% to 11.1% for sleep-disordered breathing. Specific to Asian Indians residing in countries outside India, this review advances PTSD-sleep literature by (a) suggesting substantial prevalence of sleep disturbances/disorders; (b) highlighting the need for culturally relevant sleep interventions; and (c) highlighting research gaps (e.g., no PTSD-focused research).
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Guo C, Piao S, Wang C, Yu L, Wang K, Qu Q, Zhang C, Yu X. The prevalence and associated factors of sleep deprivation among healthy college students in China: a cross-sectional survey. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16009. [PMID: 37744238 PMCID: PMC10512935 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of sleep deprivation among college students is increasing and has a few associated factors. Methods The present study analyzed 2,142 college students from 28 provinces in China. The Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep duration. Binary logistic regression was conducted to explore the sleep deprivation related factors. Age and gender were controlled as covariates. Results Among the 2,142 college students (27.7% male, 72.3% female), 1,620 (75.6%) reported the average sleep duration was below 7 h per day for one month, 49.3% (1,055/2,142) slept 6∼7 h (contains 6 h), 21.0% (449/2,142) slept 5∼6 h (contains 5 h), and 5.4% (116/2,142) slept <5 h. Age increased the risk of sleep deprivation, the adjusted odds ratio = 1.05 (95% CI [1.01∼1.10]). The adjusted odds ratio (A-OR) for sleep deprivation was higher for students of more than 60 min nap duration per day (A-OR = 2.35, 95% CI [1.45∼3.80]), and age growth (A-OR = 1.05, 95% CI [1.01∼1.10]). In contrast, A-ORs were lower among sleeping inconsistency between work and rest days (A-OR = 0.61, 95% CI [0.49∼0.75]), accustomed to staying up late (A-OR = 0.45, 95% CI [0.36∼0.57]), staying up late to work or study (A-OR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.49∼0.78]), stress (A-OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.58∼0.98]), and repeated thoughts in bed had (A-OR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.62∼0.99]). Conclusions Sleep deprivation is extremely common among healthy college students in China. It is necessary to perform methods maintaining enough sleep due to the current high incidence of sleep deprivation. Controlling the nap duration and getting enough sleep on rest days to replace missing hours of sleep on workdays might improve college students' sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Songzhe Piao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Qu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Cuiting Zhang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Meneo D, Bacaro V, Curati S, Russo PM, Martoni M, Gelfo F, Baglioni C. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between young adults' sleep habits and substance use, with a focus on self-medication behaviours. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 70:101792. [PMID: 37269785 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Young adults (18-30 years) are vulnerable to sleep-wake disturbances and substance use, which are bi-directionally associated. The present work aims to organise the literature that deals with the association between sleep and substance use in young adults, also considering self-medication behaviours. We adopted a framework that accounts for the multidimensionality of sleep and the effect of different substances. We considered sleep disturbances (insomnia symptoms, sleep quality), sleep health dimensions (duration, satisfaction, efficiency, timing, daytime alertness), circadian characteristics (chronotype). Substances were alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, cannabis, others. We included 46 studies. The use of caffeine and nicotine was associated with higher odds of sleep disturbances. No significant effect was detected for sleep duration. In narrative findings, daytime dysfunction was associated with alcohol and caffeine use, and poor sleep satisfaction with nicotine use. Few evidence were available for the other sleep health dimensions. Evening chronotype was associated with alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine use. Few studies focused on cannabis or self-medication. Longitudinal results were inconclusive. We found a distinct pattern of associations between different substances and different sleep outcomes. Further investigation considering the multidimensionality of sleep would create a better understanding of the complex relationship between substance use and sleep health in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Meneo
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Bacaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Curati
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Russo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Martoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Baglioni
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology/Sleep, Medicine, Centre for Mental Disorders, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
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Kim SK, Yong SY. Relationship Between Poor Sleep Quality and Injury Experience in Korea. Asia Pac J Public Health 2022; 34:537-546. [PMID: 35392671 DOI: 10.1177/10105395221088619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To develop preventive policies to reduce injuries, the responsible factors should be identified. In this study, causative factors were identified by analyzing data from the Korean Community Health Survey. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data of 192 480 individuals in the survey. Correlations were found between the injury experience and the following socioeconomic factors: age, sex, monthly income, smoking status, education, marital status, and neuropsychiatric factors: depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, and stress. The study subjects were divided into two groups based on sleep quality, as determined by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Indices of ≤5 or >5. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders revealed a correlation between sleep quality and injury experience. The odds ratio (OR) of poor sleep quality was associated with higher odds of injury (OR: 1.26, 95% confidence interval [1.19, 1.34]), and it was also associated with higher odds of severe injury (OR: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [1.15, 1.32]), even in the adjustment of socioeconomic factors only as well as in the adjustment of socioeconomic and neuropsychiatric factors. Poor sleep quality was associated with higher odds of several injury mechanisms of severe injury, such as slipping, poisoning, and falling into water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Kyung Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian's Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Yong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian's Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,IOC Research Centre Korea, Republic of Korea
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