Music therapy for reducing anxiety in patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery under subarachnoid anesthesia

Comparison of classical and patient-preferred music on anxiety and recovery after ınguinal hernia repair: a prospective randomized controlled study

BACKGROUND

We aimed to evaluate the effects of preoperative listening to patient-preferred music and classical music on postoperative anxiety and recovery.

METHODS

A prospective, randomized controlled, single-blind study included 255 patients who were scheduled for elective inguinal hernia operation under general anesthesia. Spielberger state State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form 1,2 (STAI-I, STAI-II), Quality of Recovery Score-40 (QoR-40) were applied in the preoperatively. In the preoperative period, the preferential music group (group P) patients listened to their favorite music, while patients in the classical music group (group C) listened to classical music, music was not played in the control group (group N). STAI-I, QoR-40 questionnaire, pain status, and patient satisfaction in the postoperative period were recorded by a blinded investigator.

RESULTS

A total of 217 patients participated in the study analysis. Postoperative STAI-1 score was lower in group P than in group N (p = 0.025) and was similar among other groups. The postoperative QoR-40 score was significantly higher in group P than in group N (p = 0.003), and it was similar between the other groups. While SBP, DBP and HR premusic and post-music changes were significant, there was no difference in other groups. There was no difference between the groups in the NRS score. The patient satisfaction score was significantly higher in group P.

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative patient-preferred music application reduces postoperative anxiety and improves recovery quality compared to classical music. In addition, regulation of hemodynamic data and patient satisfaction increase in a preferential music application, but pain scores do not change.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

NCT04277559| https://www.

CLINICALTRIALS

gov/.

Technology-Based Music Interventions to Reduce Anxiety and Pain Among Patients Undergoing Surgery or Procedures: Systematic Review of the Literature

BACKGROUND

Hospitalized patients undergoing surgery or procedures may experience negative symptoms. Music is a nonpharmacological complementary approach and is used as an intervention to reduce anxiety, stress, and pain in these patients. Recently, music has been used conveniently in clinical situations with technology devices, and the mode of providing music is an important factor in technology-based music interventions. However, many reviews have focused only on the effectiveness of music interventions.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of technology-based music interventions for reducing anxiety and pain among patients undergoing surgery or procedures. We examined the clinical situation, devices used, delivery methods, and effectiveness of technology-based music interventions in primary articles.

METHODS

The search was performed in the following 5 electronic databases: PubMed, MEDLINE (OvidSP), CINAHL complete, PSYCINFO, and Embase. This systematic review focused on technology-based music interventions. The following articles were included: (1) RCTs, (2) studies using interactive technology (eg, smartphones, mHealth, tablets, applications, and virtual reality), (3) empirical studies reporting pain and anxiety outcomes, and (4) English articles published from 2018 to 2023 (as of January 18, 2023). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.

RESULTS

Among 292 studies identified, 21 met the inclusion criteria and were included. Of these studies, 9 reported that anxiety scores decreased after music interventions and 7 reported that pain could be decreased before, during, and after procedures. The methodology of the music intervention was important to the results on anxiety and pain in the clinical trials. More than 50% (13/21, 62%) of the studies included in this review allowed participants to select themes themselves. However, it was difficult to distinguish differences in effects depending on the device or software used for the music interventions.

CONCLUSIONS

Technology-based music interventions could help reduce anxiety and pain among patients undergoing surgery or procedures. The findings of this review could help medical teams to choose a practical methodology for music interventions. Future studies should examine the effects of advanced technology-based music interventions using smart devices and software that promote interactions between medical staff and patients.

Effects of Five-Element Music Stimulation in Perioperative Period on Sleep Status and Psychological Regulation in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the effect of five-element music therapy on sleep status during perioperative period and psychological regulation in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.

METHODS

The medical records of patients who underwent orthopedic surgery from March 2021 to December 2023 in the Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups in accordance with the nursing time period. The control group (88 patients) received routine nursing, and the observation group (78 patients) received five-element music management in the perioperative period based on routine nursing. The management time was from admission to one week after surgery, with 30 min/times, TID. The sleep, physical signs, pain condition, and anxiety status of the two groups were compared on admission, before surgery, and one week after surgery.

RESULTS

On admission, no significant difference in the scores of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the pain rating index (PRI), and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). Before and one week after surgery, the PSQI, PRI, and SAS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.001). No significant difference was found in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) between the two groups on admission and one week after surgery (P > 0.05). Before surgery, the observation group had significantly lower indices of SBP, DBP, and HR than the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Five-element music stimulation in the perioperative period can improve the pain and anxiety of patients undergoing orthopedic surgery and enhance their sleep status.

Novel Approach for Investigating the Effect of Music Therapy on Perioperative Anxiety and Postoperative Satisfaction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Lower-Limb Fracture Surgery Under Intravertebral Anesthesia: A Prospective Clinical Study

OBJECTIVE

This study examines the effect of music therapy on perioperative anxiety and postoperative satisfaction in elderly patients undergoing lower-limb fracture surgery with intravertebral anesthesia to address the increasing incidence of such fractures and related surgical stress.

METHODS

Conducted from February 2022 to June 2023, this prospective study involved 120 elderly patients at the People's Liberation Army General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command. They were divided into the Music group (n = 60, receiving relaxing music during surgery) and the Control group (n = 60, no music). We measured preoperative and postoperative anxiety by using the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A) along with intraoperative hemodynamic parameters and patient satisfaction postsurgery.

RESULTS

Both groups maintained stable heart rates, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and mean arterial pressure. However, the Music group displayed significantly lower systolic blood pressure at the beginning of the operation (T5), 5 minutes after the operation (T6) and at the end of the operation (T9) than the Control group. After the surgery, the Music group had notably lower VAS-A scores and saliva cortisol levels, indicating reduced anxiety. Additionally, this group reported higher satisfaction levels.

CONCLUSIONS

Music therapy notably reduced postoperative anxiety and improves patient satisfaction in elderly patients undergoing lower-limb fracture surgery with intravertebral anesthesia. These findings endorse music therapy as a beneficial, non-invasive, and cost-effective method to ameliorate perioperative stress and a complementary approach to traditional medical care in surgical settings.

A web app-based music intervention reduces experimental thermal pain: A randomized trial on preferred versus least-liked music style

Digital technologies are increasingly being used to strengthen national health systems. Music is used as a management technique for pain. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effects of a web app-based music intervention on pain. The participants were healthy adults and underwent three conditions: Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM), Most-Liked Music (MLM) and Least-Liked Music (LLM). The music used is MUSIC CARE©, a web app-based personalized musical intervention ("U" Sequence based on a musical composition algorithm). Thermal pain was measured before starting the 20-min music intervention and after three time points for each music condition: 2.20, 11.30, and 20 min. Mean pain perceptions were significantly reduced under both LLM and MLM conditions. Pain decrease was more important under MLM condition than LLM condition at 2.20 min with a mean difference between both conditions of 9.7 (±3.9) (p = 0.0195) and at 11.30 min [9.2 (±3.3), p = 0.0099]. LLM is correlated with CPM but not MLM, suggesting different mechanisms between LLM and MLM. Musical intervention, a simple method of application, fits perfectly into a multidisciplinary global approach and helps to treat the pain and anxiety disorders of participants. Clinical trial registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04862832], ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT04862832].