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Molossi FA, Henker LC, Cecco BSD, Bandinelli MB, Rodrigues R, Sonne L, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Pathological and immunohistochemical aspects of acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia in a cat - Short communication. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:175-179. [PMID: 34224399 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An adult, mixed-breed, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV-) positive female cat was presented with mucosal jaundice and a history of anorexia and constipation for three days. Physical examination revealed splenomegaly, cachexia, and dehydration. Humane euthanasia was conducted, followed by postmortem examination. Grossly, the cat was icteric, and presented hepatomegaly with multifocal white spots and splenomegaly. Histologically, the bone marrow was nearly completely replaced by a proliferation of megakaryocytes and megakaryoblasts, and there was a proliferation of fibrous connective tissue. Similar neoplastic proliferation was observed infiltrating the liver, lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, skeletal muscle, and lungs. Immunohistochemistry was performed for von Willebrand Factor (VWF), CD79α, CD3, feline immunodeficiency virus, FeLV, and CD61. Marked cytoplasmic labelling was observed in the neoplastic cells for FeLV, VWF and CD61, corroborating the diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciéli Adriane Molossi
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Luan Cleber Henker
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Bianca Santana De Cecco
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Marcele Bettim Bandinelli
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Rochana Rodrigues
- 2Chatterie Centro de Saúde do Gato, Private Veterinary Clinic, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sonne
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
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Rochel D, Abadie J, Robveille C, Déqueant B, Dagher E, Roux F, Jaillardon L. Thrombocytosis and central nervous system involvement in a case of canine acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:363-367. [PMID: 30024652 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This case report presents a 14-month-old female Poodle mix with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia based on a marked thrombocytosis, abnormal platelet morphology, circulating dwarf megakaryocytes, and blast cells in the blood. Bone marrow abnormalities included dysmegakaryopoiesis dygranulopoiesis, and an increased number of blast cells was observed in the blood. Extensive leukemic involvement was also found in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, kidneys, and brain. The cytopathologic features of the abnormal circulating cells were highly suggestive of being megakaryocytic in origin, which was supported by negative myeloperoxidase staining and positive von Willebrand factor staining on immunocytochemistry (ICC). The neoplastic cells were also CD61 positive and had variable von Willebrand factor expression on ICC. Although there were only 25% blast cells in the bone marrow, which theoretically supported myelodysplastic syndrome, the hypothesis that this case represented acute myeloid leukemia of megakaryoblastic origin was confirmed by the continuous increase in circulating blast cell numbers during follow-up visits and the extensive leukemic involvement of parenchymal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Rochel
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Abadie
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France.,Université Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Cynthia Robveille
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Bérengère Déqueant
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Elie Dagher
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Roux
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,Oniris, Emergency and Critical Care Unit, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,Université Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Laetitia Jaillardon
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France.,Université Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
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Hematopoietic Tumors. WITHROW AND MACEWEN'S SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161412 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Auler P, Bertagnolli A, Ferreira E, Campos G, Dias AP, Campos C, Campos L, Cassali G. Myeloid metaplasia in canine mixed mammary tumors: occurrence and characterization. Vet Q 2012; 31:173-7. [PMID: 22235891 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2011.649371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed tumors are among the most frequent mammary neoplasms in female dogs. Some of these tumors present bone marrow associated with the newly formed osseous tissue, characteristic of myeloid metaplasia. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the occurrence of these lesions in a series of mixed tumors, and determine its histomorphological characteristics. ANIMALS AND METHODS In total, 384 canine mammary mixed tumors from 289 animals have been reviewed. The lesions were classified according to the presence of osseous metaplasia associated with myeloid metaplasia or extramedullary hematopoiesis. Myeloid metaplasia characterization was determined from the morphological characteristics and organization of the cells and adjacent tissues. Cytoplasmic staining for CD31 and Factor VIII were used as a criterion to confirm the presence of blood vessels and megakaryocytes, respectively. RESULTS The 384 cases included 206 benign and 178 carcinomas in mixed tumors. Osseous metaplasia was present in 16.1% and calcified areas exclusively in 3.1% lesions. Among all osseous metaplasia, 33.9% presented some type of extramedullary hematopoiesis, of which 71.4% were classified as myeloid metaplasia and 28.6% as extramedullary hematopoiesis. Myeloid metaplasia cases consisted of 67% benign mixed tumors and 33% carcinomas in mixed tumors. CD31 and Factor VIII expression occurred in all myeloid metaplasia, confirming the presence of blood capillaries and megakaryocytes. Myeloid metaplasia was observed in 24% of mixed tumors containing osseous metaplasia and in 4% of all mixed tumors analyzed. CONCLUSION Despite the low frequency of this lesion, additional studies are needed to understand the implications of myeloid metaplasia in canine mammary mixed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Auler
- Patologia Geral - ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Ferreira HM, Smith SH, Schwartz AM, Milne EM. Myeloperoxidase-positive acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2011; 40:530-537. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena M.T. Ferreira
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Sionagh H. Smith
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Anita M. Schwartz
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Elspeth M. Milne
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
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Valentini F, Tasca S, Gavazza A, Lubas G. Use of CD9 and CD61 for the characterization of AML-M7 by flow cytometry in a dog*. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 10:312-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Comazzi S, Gelain ME, Bonfanti U, Roccabianca P. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in dogs: a report of three cases and review of the literature. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2010; 46:327-35. [PMID: 20810553 DOI: 10.5326/0460327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three dogs of different breeds, ages, and genders were presented with pale mucous membranes, depression, anorexia, and splenomegaly. Observed were severe normocytic, nor-mochromic, nonregenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Blood smears contained large, atypical cells with blue vacuolated cytoplasm, cytoplasmic blebs, round to oval central nuclei, and elevated numbers of cytoplasmic fragment resembling macroplatelets. Bi- and multinucleated atypical cells were found mainly in spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. A final diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL) was made based on morphology and positivity to the megakaryocyte-derived cell-specific markers von Willebrand factor and CD61. In case nos. 1 and 2, no treatment was initiated, and the dogs died on days 4 and 3, respectively. Case no. 3 received supportive therapy with prednisone, and after a brief improvement the dog died spontaneously 35 days after initial presentation. Only 11 cases of AMegL have been reported in dogs, and the specific diagnostic criteria have not been well established. The presence of vacuolization, cytoplasmic blebs, central round nuclei, cytoplasmic fragments, and multinucleated cells in these three cases were considered useful to differentiate AMegL from other hematopoietic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comazzi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133 Italy
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Ameri M, Wilkerson MJ, Stockham SL, Almes KM, Patton KM, Jackson T. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a German Shepherd dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2009; 39:39-45. [PMID: 19793230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An 11-year-old spayed-female German Shepherd dog was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Kansas State University with a history of weight loss, anorexia, depression, and lethargy for 2-3 weeks. Radiographic examination revealed a mass in the spleen and several round radiodense foci in the liver. CBC results included normocytic normochromic anemia, marked thrombocytopenia, and low numbers of neoplastic cells that frequently had cytoplasmic projections or blebs. A bone marrow aspirate contained about 80% neoplastic megakaryoblasts with the same microscopic features as those observed in peripheral blood. Using flow cytometry, cells of large size were identified in peripheral blood that expressed CD41/61, CD45, CD61, and CD62P (P-selectin) and were negative for markers of T cells, B cells, monocyte/macrophages, and dendritic cells. Because of the poor prognosis, euthanasia and subsequently necropsy were performed. On histopathologic examination, neoplastic megakaryoblasts were identified in spleen, liver, mesenteric lymph node, and the pulmonary vasculature. Using immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic megakaryoblasts weakly expressed von Willebrand factor. Based on microscopic and immunophenotypic findings, a diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL) was made. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AMegL in a domestic animal in which immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and a panel of antibodies against CD41/61, CD61, and CD62P were used to support the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Ameri
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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Abstract
A clinically normal, 5-year-old intact female German Shepherd dog was presented to the local veterinarian to be spayed. Results of a preoperative CBC included mild nonregenerative anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and 17% unclassified cells. On cytologic examination of aspirates from the dog's enlarged spleen and peripheral lymph nodes, a population of primitive round cells that occasionally resembled megakaryocytes was observed. A bone marrow aspirate specimen was markedly hypercellular with approximately 65% of marrow cells comprising a homogeneous population of immature hematopoietic cells similar to those found in the spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Using immunocytochemical stains with canine-specific antibodies, all neoplastic cells strongly expressed cytoplasmic CD41 and 20-70% of the neoplastic cells expressed CD34 weakly to moderately. Rare (<0.5%) neoplastic cells weakly expressed vWF. The cells were negative for all other markers. Based on these results and the morphology of the neoplastic cells, a diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL) was made. In spite of treatment, results of a CBC performed 1 week later indicated progressive anemia and thrombocytopenia, and the dog was euthanized. To our knowledge, this report documents the first case of canine AMegL diagnosed with both anti-canine CD34 and CD41 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Suter
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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