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Abdel-Gaber R, Al-Shaebi EM, Yehia RS, Omer SA, El-Khadragy MF, Al Quraishy S, Mohammed OB. Identification of sheep eimerian parasites, Eimeria crandallis and Eimeria faurei, employing microscopic and molecular tools. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:310-323. [PMID: 37867370 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Coccidiosis, caused by apicomplexan Eimeria species, is a protozoan disease that affects various species of wild and domestic animals. However, data available on Eimeria diversity in ruminants in Saudi Arabia is meagre. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate some eimerian parasites infecting sheep (Sawakni and Harrie breeds) using microscopy and molecular methods for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Twenty-four fecal samples were collected from sheep farms. Based on the floatation technique, eimerian oocysts were observed in 8 of the 24 (33.33%) fecal samples. The coccidian-positive samples were subjected to fecal culture in a shallow layer of 2.5% potassium dichromate (K2 Cr2 O7 ). Detected eimerian oocysts were described micromorphometrically as the basis for traditional oocyst identification. Morphologically, the sporulated oocysts were similar to those of sheep eimerian parasies; Eimeria faurei and Eimeria crandallis. PCR products from the two eimerian species detected from Sawakni and Harrie breeds were sequenced and were found to be distinct from each other with mutations at five positions. One of them clustered with E. crandallis with 99.8%-100% identity with sequences available in GenBank. E. crandallis was obtained from two Sawakni sheep and two Harrie sheep. The other sequences grouped with E. faurei with 99.8% identity with the only sequences available in GenBank. E. crandallis was detected from both Sawakni and Harrie breeds whereas E. faurei was detected only from Sawakni sheep. The findings of this study have implications for the importance of morphometric identification with advanced molecular tools to confirm the identities of sheep Eimeria species and to address the taxonomic study of this eimeriid parasite at the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam M Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramy S Yehia
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan A Omer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal F El-Khadragy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama B Mohammed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kalender H, Öngör H, Timurkaan N, Karagülle B, Karabulut B, İncili CA, Başar HE, Ekinci E, Çevik A, Atıl E, Çetinkaya B. Detection and molecular characterization of Clostridium perfringens, Paeniclostridium sordellii and Clostridium septicum from lambs and goat kids with hemorrhagic abomasitis in Turkey. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:8. [PMID: 36639759 PMCID: PMC9837962 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenic Clostridia cause neurotoxic, histotoxic and enterotoxic infections in humans and animals. Several Clostridium species have been associated with abomasitis in ruminants. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency, and the presence of virulence genes, of Clostridium perfringens, Paeniclostridium sordellii and Clostridium septicum in lambs and goat kids with hemorrhagic abomasitis. RESULTS A total of 38 abomasum samples, collected from lambs and goat kids of 1 week to 1 month of age in different farms located in eastern Turkey between 2021 and 2022, were evaluated by histopathology, culture and PCR. At necropsy, the abomasum of the animals was excessively filled with caseinized content and gas, and the abomasum mucosa was hemorrhagic in varying degrees. In histopathological evaluation, acute necrotizing hemorrhagic inflammation was noted in abomasum samples. The examination of swab samples by culture and PCR revealed that C. perfringens type A was the most frequently detected species (86.84%) either alone or in combination with other Clostridium species. P. sordellii, C. perfringens type F and C. septicum were also harboured in the samples, albeit at low rates. Beta2 toxin gene (cpb2) was found in three of C. perfringens type A positive samples. CONCLUSION It was suggested that vaccination of pregnant animals with toxoid vaccines would be beneficial in terms of protecting newborn animals against Clostridial infections. This study investigated the presence of clostridial toxin genes in abomasal samples for the first time in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Kalender
- grid.411320.50000 0004 0574 1529Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Hasan Öngör
- grid.411320.50000 0004 0574 1529Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Necati Timurkaan
- grid.411320.50000 0004 0574 1529Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Burcu Karagülle
- grid.411320.50000 0004 0574 1529Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Burak Karabulut
- grid.411320.50000 0004 0574 1529Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Canan Akdeniz İncili
- grid.411320.50000 0004 0574 1529Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Hatip Enfal Başar
- grid.411320.50000 0004 0574 1529Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Elif Ekinci
- grid.411690.b0000 0001 1456 5625Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Aydın Çevik
- grid.411320.50000 0004 0574 1529Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Eray Atıl
- Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burhan Çetinkaya
- grid.411320.50000 0004 0574 1529Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Ammar SI, Watson AM, Craig LE, Cope ER, Schaefer JJ, Mulliniks JT, Gerhold RW. Eimeria gilruthi-associated abomasitis in a group of ewes. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:128-132. [PMID: 30453850 PMCID: PMC6505772 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718814109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine of 23 (39%) research ewes with severe diarrhea and weight loss had histologic lesions consistent with Eimeria gilruthi infection in their abomasa. Gross anatomic lesions included hundreds of opaque 1-mm nodules in abomasal mucosa that corresponded microscopically to 200-300 µm diameter organisms surrounded by areas of necrosis. Analysis of fecal samples from 4 ewes demonstrated oocysts from typical ovine Eimeria species, none of which were E. gilruthi. Two separate PCR reactions were performed on abomasal tissue from 4 sheep to amplify the 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA, respectively. The resultant 18S rDNA nucleotide sequences shared 99% homology with multiple Eimeria species in GenBank. The ITS region shared 77% homology with E. ellipsoidalis in GenBank. Further studies are needed to understand the life cycle and pathogenicity of E. gilruthi. Our results underscore the inclusion of E. gilruthi in the differential diagnosis of diarrhea and weight loss in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan I. Ammar
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (Gerhold, Ammar, Watson, Craig, Schaefer), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Animal Science (Cope), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska, North Platte, NE (Mulliniks)
- Clinical Pathology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt (Ammar)
| | - Allison M. Watson
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (Gerhold, Ammar, Watson, Craig, Schaefer), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Animal Science (Cope), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska, North Platte, NE (Mulliniks)
- Clinical Pathology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt (Ammar)
| | - Linden E. Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (Gerhold, Ammar, Watson, Craig, Schaefer), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Animal Science (Cope), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska, North Platte, NE (Mulliniks)
- Clinical Pathology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt (Ammar)
| | - Emily R. Cope
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (Gerhold, Ammar, Watson, Craig, Schaefer), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Animal Science (Cope), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska, North Platte, NE (Mulliniks)
- Clinical Pathology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt (Ammar)
| | - John J. Schaefer
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (Gerhold, Ammar, Watson, Craig, Schaefer), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Animal Science (Cope), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska, North Platte, NE (Mulliniks)
- Clinical Pathology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt (Ammar)
| | - J. Travis Mulliniks
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (Gerhold, Ammar, Watson, Craig, Schaefer), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Animal Science (Cope), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska, North Platte, NE (Mulliniks)
- Clinical Pathology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt (Ammar)
| | - Richard W. Gerhold
- Richard W. Gerhold, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M Simpson
- Livestock Medicine and Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1678, USA.
| | - Robert J Callan
- Livestock Medicine and Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1678, USA
| | - David C Van Metre
- Livestock Medicine and Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1678, USA
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The prevalence of ovine Eimeria infection in Rudsar, North of Iran, (2011-2012). J Parasit Dis 2014; 40:954-7. [PMID: 27605817 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Eimeria infection in sheep in Rudsar, North of Iran, in period of 1 year (March 2011 to March 2012). The samples (approximately 3-5 grams of faeces) were collected from the rectum of 270 sheep and transferred to the parasitology laboratory. Eimeria species were identified following sporulation of faeces in a thin layer of 2.5 % potassium dichromate for one or 2 weeks at 27 °C. Out of 270 faecal samples examined, 170[(63.0 %; 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 56.9-68.7)] were positive for Eimeria spp. Five species of Eimeria, including E. ahsata, E. ovina, E. crandallis, E. parva and E. ovinoidalis were identified in faecal samples by modified McMaster technique. The most frequent species was E. crandallis. Sheep were considered in four age groups (less than 1 year old, 1-2 years old, 2-3 years old and over 3 years old).The results also indicated that less than 1 year old sheep have greater infection ratio as compare with older animals. Female had significantly higher prevalence of Eimeria than male. Higher infection was seen in females compare to males and in winter compare to summer. Parasitological gross and microscopic examinations revealed Eimeria infection is common in sheep of Rudsar, North Iran.
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Mihi B, Van Meulder F, Rinaldi M, Van Coppernolle S, Chiers K, Van den Broeck W, Goddeeris B, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E, Geldhof P. Analysis of cell hyperplasia and parietal cell dysfunction induced by Ostertagia ostertagi infection. Vet Res 2013; 44:121. [PMID: 24330735 PMCID: PMC3878833 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections in cattle with the gastric nematode Ostertagia ostertagi are associated with decreased acid secretion and profound physio-morphological changes of the gastric mucosa. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mechanisms triggering these pathophysiological changes. O. ostertagi infection resulted in a marked cellular hyperplasia, which can be explained by increased transcriptional levels of signaling molecules related to the homeostasis of gastric epithelial cells such as HES1, WNT5A, FGF10, HB-EGF, AREG, ADAM10 and ADAM17. Intriguingly, histological analysis indicated that the rapid rise in the gastric pH, observed following the emergence of adult worms, cannot be explained by a loss of parietal cells, as a decrease in the number of parietal cells was only observed following a long term infection of several weeks, but is likely to be caused by an inhibition of parietal cell activity. To investigate whether this inhibition is caused by a direct effect of the parasites, parietal cells were co-cultured with parasite Excretory/Secretory products (ESP) and subsequently analyzed for acid production. The results indicate that adult ESP inhibited acid secretion, whereas ESP from the L4 larval stages did not alter parietal cell function. In addition, our data show that the inhibition of parietal cell activity could be mediated by a marked upregulation of inflammatory factors, which are partly induced by adult ESP in abomasal epithelial cells. In conclusion, this study shows that the emergence of adult O. ostertagi worms is associated with marked cellular changes that can be partly triggered by the worm’s Excretory/secretory antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Geldhof
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Navarre CB, Baird A, Pugh D. Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System. SHEEP AND GOAT MEDICINE 2012. [PMCID: PMC7152351 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2353-3.10005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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