1
|
Kaba J, Czopowicz M, Mickiewicz M, Witkowski L, Moroz-Fik A, Biernacka K, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Nalbert T, Bereznowski A, Potârniche AV, Mālniece A, Markowska-Daniel I, Rypuła K, Bagnicka E. Herd-level true seroprevalence of caseous lymphadenitis and paratuberculosis in the goat population of Poland. Prev Vet Med 2024; 230:106278. [PMID: 39003836 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
A large-scale study was carried out in the Polish goat population in 2014-2021 to determine the herd-level true seroprevalence (HTP) of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Cp) and paratuberculosis (PTB) caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map). Two-stage cluster sampling was applied to herds counting at least 20 adult goats (aged >1 year) and in each herd all males and 10-13 females were tested. At least one seropositive goat regardless of its sex was necessary to consider the herd as infected. HTP was estimated using the Bayesian approach with the Gibbs sampler in the EpiTools and reported as the median and 95 % credibility interval (95 % CrI). A total of 1282 adult goats from 86 herds were serologically tested using two commercial ELISAs (Cp-ELISA and Map-ELISA). At least 1 seropositive result of Cp-ELISA and Map-ELISA was obtained in 73/86 herds (84.9 %) and 40/86 herds (46.5 %), respectively. HTP of CLA was estimated at 73.3 % (95 % CrI: 65.0 %, 80.4 %) and HTP of PTB was estimated at 42.9 % (95 % CrI: 25.8 %, 58.0 %). There was a significant positive association between the occurrence of CLA and PTB in the herds (odds ratio 6.0, 95 % confidence interval: 1.2, 28.8; p = 0.010). Probability of the seropositive result for PTB was also significantly higher in Cp-seropositive goats than in Cp-seronegative goats (odds ratio 3.9, 95 % confidence interval: 2.4, 6.3; p < 0.001) which could indicate either a higher risk of co-infection or a higher rate of false positive results for PTB in Cp-positive goats. To investigate this issue, optical densities obtained in Map-ELISA were compared between Cp-positive and Cp-negative goats and results of Map-ELISA were adjusted accordingly. Map-negative sera from Cp-positive goats turned out to have significantly higher optical densities than Map-negative sera from Cp-negative goats (p < 0.001). After the adjustment, the herd-level apparent seroprevalence of PTB was 41.9 % (36/86 herds) so it still fell within the 95 % CrI of HTP of PTB calculated before the adjustment. Concluding, CLA appears to be widespread in the Polish goat population. In many of them it may be subclinical at the moment, however will likely emerge in the future as the disease follows cyclic pattern in Poland. On the other hand, given the total lack of clinical PTB in Polish goats, an explanation for a high HTP of PTB remains unclear and warrants further studies using tests of higher analytical specificity than ELISA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Kaba
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland.
| | - Marcin Mickiewicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Lucjan Witkowski
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Agata Moroz-Fik
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Kinga Biernacka
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Olga Szaluś-Jordanow
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nalbert
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bereznowski
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Adrian-Valentin Potârniche
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania
| | - Aija Mālniece
- Clinical Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava LV-3004, Latvia
| | - Iwona Markowska-Daniel
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rypuła
- Division of Infectious Diseases of Animals and Veterinary Administration, Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, Wrocław 50-366, Poland
| | - Emilia Bagnicka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, Magdalenka 05-552, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Listos P, Gryzinska M, Martychiewicz M, Pointing S, Barton A, Dylewska M. Caseous Lymphadenitis in Sheep in the Falkland Islands. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/acve-2016-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), also called pseudotuberculosis, is a chronic and highly infectious disease of sheep and goats, subject to obligatory registration in the European Union. The EU law also applies to special territories, which include the Falkland Islands. On the Falkland Islands 99% of sheep and goats are slaughtered in one slaughterhouse, overseen by veterinary authorities, and approved for export to EU countries (mainly the UK). The export season begins about the middle of January and usually lasts 3-4 months. In the years 2013-2015 were examined 162 317 sheep, including 39 971 lambs, 35 357 yearlings and 86 989 mature rams. During the study lung tissue clippings were collected. During the 2013 season lesions were observed in 8 025 of animals (13.9% CLA). In 2014 lesions were noted in 7716 with CLA accounting for 13.91% and in 2015 lesions were noted in 5743 with CLA accounting for 11.7%. Further analysis of cases of CLA on the Falkland Islands seems interesting, as they are British overseas territories and therefore part of the European Union.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Listos
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, ul. Gleboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gryzinska
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences, ul. Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Albrecht Barton
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, ul. Gleboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Dylewska
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences, ul. Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bauman CA, Jones-Bitton A, Jansen J, Kelton D, Menzies P. Evaluation of fecal culture and fecal RT-PCR to detect Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis fecal shedding in dairy goats and dairy sheep using latent class Bayesian modeling. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:212. [PMID: 27645908 PMCID: PMC5029031 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study’s objective was to evaluate the ability of fecal culture (FCUL) and fecal PCR (FPCR) to identify dairy goat and dairy sheep shedding Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. A cross-sectional study of the small ruminant populations was performed in Ontario, Canada between October 2010 and August 2011. Twenty-nine dairy goat herds and 21 dairy sheep flocks were visited, and 20 lactating females > two years of age were randomly selected from each farm resulting in 580 goats and 397 sheep participating in the study. Feces were collected per rectum and cultured using the BD BACTEC™ MGIT™ 960 system using a standard (49 days) and an extended (240 days) incubation time, and underwent RT-PCR based on the hsp-X gene (Tetracore®). Statistical analysis was performed using a 2-test latent class Bayesian hierarchical model for each species fitted in WinBUGS. Results Extending the fecal culture incubation time statistically improved FCUL sensitivity from 23.1 % (95 % PI: 15.9-34.1) to 42.7 % (95 % PI: 33.0-54.5) in dairy goats and from 5.8 % (95 % PI: 2.3-12.4) to 19.0 % (95 % PI: 11.9-28.9) in dairy sheep. FPCR demonstrated statistically higher sensitivity than FCUL (49 day incubation) with a sensitivity of 31.9 % (95 % PI: 22.4-43.1) in goats and 42.6 % (95 % PI: 28.8-63.3) in sheep. Conclusions Fecal culture demonstrates such low sensitivity at the standard incubation time it cannot be recommended as a screening test to detect shedding of MAP in either goats or sheep. Extending the incubation time resulted in improved sensitivity; however, it is still disappointingly low for screening purposes. Fecal PCR should be the screening test of choice in both species; however, it is important to recognize that control programs should not be based on testing alone when they demonstrate such low sensitivity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0814-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy A Bauman
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Andria Jones-Bitton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Jansen
- Veterinary Science & Policy Unit, Animal Health and Welfare Branch, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Elora, Ontario, N0B 1S0, Canada
| | - David Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Paula Menzies
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bezos J, Casal C, Romero B, Liandris E, Sánchez N, Vigo V, Domínguez L, de Juan L. Lack of interference with diagnostic testing for tuberculosis in goats experimentally exposed to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Vet J 2015; 205:113-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
5
|
Colom-Cadena A, Velarde R, Salinas J, Borge C, García-Bocanegra I, Serrano E, Gassó D, Bach E, Casas-Díaz E, López-Olvera JR, Lavín S, León-Vizcaíno L, Mentaberre G. Management of a caseous lymphadenitis outbreak in a new Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) stock reservoir. Acta Vet Scand 2014; 56:83. [PMID: 25492129 PMCID: PMC4280031 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-014-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2010, an Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica) stock reservoir was established for conservation purposes in north-eastern Spain. Eighteen ibexes were captured in the wild and housed in a 17 hectare enclosure. Once in captivity, a caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) outbreak occurred and ibex handlings were carried out at six-month intervals between 2010 and 2013 to perform health examinations and sampling. Treatment with a bacterin-based autovaccine and penicillin G benzatine was added during the third and subsequent handlings, when infection by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was confirmed. Changes in lesion score, serum anti-C. pseudotuberculosis antibodies and haematological parameters were analyzed to assess captivity effects, disease emergence and treatment efficacy. Serum acute phase proteins (APP) Haptoglobin (Hp), Amyloid A (SAA) and Acid Soluble Glycoprotein (ASG) concentrations were also determined to evaluate their usefulness as indicators of clinical status. Once in captivity, 12 out of 14 ibexes (85.7%) seroconverted, preceding the emergence of clinical signs; moreover, TP, WBC, eosinophil and platelet cell counts increased while monocyte and basophil cell counts decreased. After treatment, casualties and fistulas disappeared and both packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration significantly increased. Hp, SAA and ASG values were under the limit of detection or showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS A role for captivity in contagion rate is suggested by the increase in antibody levels against C. pseudotuberculosis and the emergence of clinical signs. Although boosted by captivity, this is the first report of an outbreak of caseous lymphadenitis displaying high morbidity and mortality in wild ungulates. Treatment consisting of both vaccination and antibiotic therapy seemed to prevent mortality and alleviate disease severity, but was not reflected in the humoural response. Haematology and APP were not useful indicators in our study, perhaps due to the sampling frequency. Presumably endemic and irrelevant in the wild, this common disease of domestic small ruminants is complicating conservation efforts for the Iberian ibex in north-eastern Spain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Colom-Cadena
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Roser Velarde
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Jesús Salinas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia (Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum"), Murcia, Spain.
| | - Carmen Borge
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba - Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba - Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
- CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana Gassó
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Ester Bach
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Encarna Casas-Díaz
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Jorge R López-Olvera
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Santiago Lavín
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Luís León-Vizcaíno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia (Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum"), Murcia, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar J, Tripathi BN, Kumar R, Sonawane GG, Dixit SK. Rapid detection of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in clinical samples from sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2013; 45:1429-35. [PMID: 23430660 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a Gram-positive bacterium is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), a chronic disease of sheep, goats and other warm blooded animals. In the present study, a total of 1,080 sheep reared under semi-intensive system on organized farms situated in the semi arid tropical region of Rajasthan, India, was clinically examined. Pus samples from superficial lymph nodes of 25 (2.31%) adult sheep showing clinical lesions similar to CLA were collected for laboratory analyses. On the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics 12 (48%) bacterial isolates from pus identified it as C. pseudotuberculosis. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting Putative oligopeptide/dipeptide ABC transporter, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) oxidoreductase coenzyme F420-dependent and proline iminopeptidase (PIP) genes of C. pseudotuberculosis was developed that showed 14 pus samples as positive. All C. pseudotuberculosis isolates were also found positive for these genes in the PCR. The specificity of the PCR products was confirmed by sequencing of the amplified products that showed 98-100% homology with published sequences available in the NCBI database. The present study shows the incidence of CLA as 2.31%, 1.1% and 1.29% based on clinical, bacterial culture and direct pus PCR assay, respectively. The PCR assay was rapid, specific and as significant as bacterial culture in detecting bacteria directly in the clinical pus samples. The PCR assay developed in the study can be applied for the diagnosis and control of CLA. Furthermore, the assay can also be applied to detect C. pseudotuberculosis in various clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumar
- Division of Animal Health, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Malpura, Rajasthan, 304501, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gardner IA, Nielsen SS, Whittington RJ, Collins MT, Bakker D, Harris B, Sreevatsan S, Lombard JE, Sweeney R, Smith DR, Gavalchin J, Eda S. Consensus-based reporting standards for diagnostic test accuracy studies for paratuberculosis in ruminants. Prev Vet Med 2011; 101:18-34. [PMID: 21601933 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) statement (www.stard-statement.org) was developed to encourage complete and transparent reporting of key elements of test accuracy studies in human medicine. The statement was motivated by widespread evidence of bias in test accuracy studies and the finding that incomplete or absent reporting of items in the STARD checklist was associated with overly optimistic estimates of test performance characteristics. Although STARD principles apply broadly, specific guidelines do not exist to account for unique considerations in livestock studies such as herd tests, potential use of experimental challenge studies, a more diverse group of testing purposes and sampling designs, and the widespread lack of an ante-mortem reference standard with high sensitivity and specificity. The objective of the present study was to develop a modified version of STARD relevant to paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in ruminants. Examples and elaborations for each of the 25 items were developed by a panel of experts using a consensus-based approach to explain the items and underlying concepts. The new guidelines, termed STRADAS-paraTB (Standards for Reporting of Animal Diagnostic Accuracy Studies for paratuberculosis), should facilitate improved quality of reporting of the design, conduct and results of paratuberculosis test accuracy studies which were identified as "poor" in a review published in 2008 in Veterinary Microbiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Gardner
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Click RE, Van Kampen CL. Comparison of ante-mortem assays to assess progression/regression of paratuberculosis in individual dairy animals. Virulence 2011; 1:134-44. [PMID: 21178432 DOI: 10.4161/viru.1.3.10896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium, subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is becoming increasingly widespread on dairy farms worldwide, due in part, to the absence of vaccine/drug or curative modalities. This spread is of concern since MAP is at the center of a controversy as to its role in Crohn's disease. None of the methods presently available to define paratuberculosis in cattle have been examined for their ability to assess progression/regression of any treatment or intervention of this disease The research presented herein, therefore was designed to assess the reliability and accuracy of available ante-mortem assays to predict disease change of individual animals undergoing a probiotic, potentially therapeutic, treatment. Paratuberculosis positive (n = 75) and negative (n = 10) animals were longitudinally monitored over their natural lifetimes with specific serum antibody and fecal shedding assays, and for development of end-stage clinical disease. Longitudinal, increasing/decreasing serum ELISA values were associated with, and predictive of, progression/regression of disease. Changes in fecal shedding and serum AGID were of value at only specific stages. Documentation that ELISA-positive animals were positive for paratuberculosis was done by a compilation of ELISA-independent assays--succumbing with end-stage clinical disease, autopsy, AGID, and MAP fecal shedding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Click
- University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharpe AE, Brady CP, Johnson A, Byrne W, Kenny K, Costello E. Concurrent outbreak of tuberculosis and caseous lymphadenitis in a goat herd. Vet Rec 2010; 166:591-2. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.b4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Sharpe
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory; Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (DAFF), Backweston; Celbridge County Kildare Ireland
| | - C. P. Brady
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory; Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (DAFF), Backweston; Celbridge County Kildare Ireland
| | - A. Johnson
- DAFF Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Knockalisheen; Limerick Ireland
| | - W. Byrne
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory; Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (DAFF), Backweston; Celbridge County Kildare Ireland
| | - K. Kenny
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory; Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (DAFF), Backweston; Celbridge County Kildare Ireland
| | - E. Costello
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory; Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (DAFF), Backweston; Celbridge County Kildare Ireland
| |
Collapse
|