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Dynamics of the Enteric Virome in a Swine Herd Affected by Non-PCV2/PRRSV Postweaning Wasting Syndrome. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122538. [PMID: 34960807 PMCID: PMC8705478 DOI: 10.3390/v13122538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A commercial pig farm with no history of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) repeatedly reported a significant reduction in body weight gain and wasting symptoms in approximately 20–30% of the pigs in the period between three and six weeks after weaning. As standard clinical interventions failed to tackle symptomatology, viral metagenomics were used to describe and monitor the enteric virome at birth, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 9 weeks of age. The latter four sampling points were 7 days, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks post weaning, respectively. Fourteen distinct enteric viruses were identified within the herd, which all have previously been linked to enteric diseases. Here we show that wasting is associated with alterations in the enteric virome of the pigs, characterized by: (1) the presence of enterovirus G at 3 weeks of age, followed by a higher prevalence of the virus in wasting pigs at 6 weeks after weaning; (2) rotaviruses at 3 weeks of age; and (3) porcine sapovirus one week after weaning. However, the data do not provide a causal link between specific viral infections and the postweaning clinical problems on the farm. Together, our results offer evidence that disturbances in the enteric virome at the preweaning stage and early after weaning have a determining role in the development of intestinal barrier dysfunctions and nutrient uptake in the postweaning growth phase. Moreover, we show that the enteric viral load sharply increases in the week after weaning in both healthy and wasting pigs. This study is also the first to report the dynamics and co-infection of porcine rotavirus species and porcine astrovirus genetic lineages during the first 9 weeks of the life of domestic pigs.
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2
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Klich D, Łopucki R, Stachniuk A, Sporek M, Fornal E, Wojciechowska M, Olech W. Pesticides and conservation of large ungulates: Health risk to European bison from plant protection products as a result of crop depredation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228243. [PMID: 31999727 PMCID: PMC6992143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of large mammals and humans in the contemporary landscape is a big challenge for conservationists. Wild ungulates that forage on arable fields are exposed to the negative effects of pesticides, and this problem also applies to protected species for which intoxication by pesticides may pose a health risk and directly affect the effectiveness of conservation efforts. In this paper we assessed the threat posed by pesticides to the European bison Bison bonasus, a species successfully restituted after being extinct in the wild. We studied samples of B. bonasus liver from three free-living populations in Poland (Białowieska, Knyszyńska, and Borecka forests) and captive individuals from breeding centres. LC-QTOF-MS/MS two-step analysis for the detection, identification and confirmation of pesticide residues in liver samples, which included MS and targeted MS/MS scans, was conducted. It was found that European bison are exposed to pesticides as a result of crop depredation: the presence of tetraconazole, fluopyram and diazinon residues in 12 liver samples was confirmed. The concentration levels of the detected substances were quite low, but in the liver samples more than one substance was usually found, and the potential health risk to European bison may result from the synergistic interaction of these substances. The place of occurrence of the population, abundance, and the management regime affect the exposure of European bison to pesticides. Due to the high conservation status of the European bison, the monitoring of intoxication by pesticides should be included in the conservation plans of this species. This issue should also be more widely included in the study of other wild ungulates because knowledge about the impact of pesticides on wildlife is still insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Klich
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Rafał Łopucki
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Stachniuk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Sporek
- University of Opole, Institute of Biology, Opole, Poland
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marlena Wojciechowska
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Olech
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Pallarés FJ, Gómez S. Unusual histopathologic features in thymic corpuscles associated with porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:601-603. [PMID: 31006384 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719846208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Six, 5-6-wk-old pigs, from 3 farms of the same company, with significant loss of body condition were submitted for postmortem evaluation. Macroscopically, the main lesion observed in all of the pigs was thymic atrophy. Microscopically, all of the pigs had thymic atrophy, superficial lymphocytic fundic gastritis, atrophic enteritis, superficial colitis, and neutrophilic and lymphocytic rhinitis, leading to a diagnosis of porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome. In the pigs from 2 of the farms, many of the thymic corpuscles had infiltrates of neutrophils and degenerate cells, in some cases infiltrating the surrounding parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Pallarés
- Histología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Serafín Gómez
- Histología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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4
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Franzo G, Kekarainen T, Llorens A, Correa-Fiz F, Segalés J. Exploratory metagenomic analyses of periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome-affected pigs. Vet Rec 2019; 184:25. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS); University of Padua; Legnaro Italy
| | | | - Anna Llorens
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - Florencia Correa-Fiz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB; Bellaterra Spain
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5
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Histopathological and virological findings in emaciated pigs from Mexico: an exploratory study. ACTA VET BRNO 2018. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201887030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to detect the presence of three main pig respiratory viral agents (porcine rubulavirus [PorPV], porcine circovirus type 2 [PCV-2], and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus [PRRSV]) in tissues of emaciated piglets from the Baj'o Region (Mexico). Necropsies and histopathological studies of 37 pigs with poor body condition were performed; viruses were detected by molecular biology methods and PCV-2 was further assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Histopathologically, interstitial pneumonia was observed in 25/37 (68%) of the piglets. Also, a varying degree of lymphocyte depletion in lymphoid organs was found in 14/37 (38%) animals. Through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), from the 37 pigs, 16 were positive for PCV-2, 18 for PRRSV and 1 for PorPV. In accordance with these results, the infection and/or co-infection with PCV-2 and PRRSV were fairly frequent findings in piglets with poor body condition in Mexico, while the infection by PorPV was apparently negligible. Wasting of post-weaning piglets is a global pig farming problem that causes great economic losses and has been associated with diverse factors: microbial agents, environmental factors, nutritional factors, and management. When the Blue Eye Disease was first reported in Mexico, it was associated with severe wasting in post-weaning piglets. This study demonstrated that this disease does not seem to play such an important role in the wasting as was previously thought.
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6
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Segalés J. Diagnosis by ruling out other diseases or conditions. Vet Rec 2018; 183:93-94. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.k3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Segalés
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) - Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA); Campus UAB Barcelona Spain
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7
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Bertolini F, Yang T, Huang Y, Harding JCS, Plastow GS, Rothschild MF. Genomic investigation of porcine periweaning failure to thrive syndrome (PFTS). Vet Rec 2018; 183:95. [PMID: 29695451 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Porcine periweaning failure to thrive syndrome (PFTS) can be defined by anorexia, lethargy, progressive debilitation and compulsive behaviours that occur in seemingly healthy pigs within two to threeweeks of weaning in the absence of any known infectious, nutritional, management or environmental factors. A genetic component has been hypothesised for this syndrome. In the present study, 119 commercial pigs (80 cases and 39 controls) were genotyped with the porcine 80K single nucleotide polymorphism-chip and were analysed with logistic regression and two Fixation Index-based approaches. The analyses revealed several regions on chromosomes 1, 3, 6 and 11 with moderate divergence between cases and controls, particularly three haplotypes on SSC3 and 11. The gene-based analyses of the candidate regions revealed the presence of genes that have been reported to be associated with phenotypes like PFST including depression (PDE10A) and intestinal villous atrophy (CUL4A). It is important to increase the effort of collecting more samples to improve the power of these analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianfu Yang
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yanyun Huang
- Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John C S Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Graham S Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Max F Rothschild
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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8
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General Systemic States. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7195945 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Zanella R, Morés N, Morés MAZ, Peixoto JO, Zanella EL, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Ibelli AMG, Gava D, Cantão ME, Ledur MC. Genome-wide association study of periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome (PFTS) in pigs. Vet Rec 2016; 178:653. [PMID: 27162284 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Porcine periweaning-failure-to-thrive syndrome (PFTS) is a condition that affects newly weaned piglets. It is characterised by a progressive debilitation leading to death, in the absence of infectious, nutritional, management or environmental factors. In this study, we present the first report of PFTS in South America and the results of a genome-wide association study to identify the genetic markers associated with the appearance of this condition in a crossbred swine population. Four chromosomal regions were associated with PFTS predisposition, one located on SSCX, one on SSC8, and the two other regions on SSC14. Regions on SSC8 and SSC14 harbour important functional candidate genes involved in human depression and might have an important role in PFTS. Our findings contribute to the increasing knowledge about this syndrome, which has been investigated since 2007, and to the identification of the aetiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zanella
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - N Morés
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - M A Z Morés
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - J O Peixoto
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - E L Zanella
- R. Zanella's present address is College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - J R Ciacci-Zanella
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - A M G Ibelli
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - D Gava
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - M E Cantão
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - M C Ledur
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
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Ramis G, Marco E, Magaña V, González-Contreras P, Swierczynski G, Abellaneda JM, Sáez-Acosta A, Mrowiec A, Pallarés FJ. Evidence that periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome (PFTS) has a genetic predisposition. Vet Rec 2015; 176:596. [PMID: 25820322 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility or resistance to diseases is currently drawing increasing attention. This work describes two different breeding herds showing signs of periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome (PFTS), an emergent swine disease. The disease was diagnosed based on clinical picture and confirmed by histopathology. The possibility of main infectious pathogens was ruled out by immunohistochemistry and PCR. In a simple approach, sires of the affected piglets have been determined using microsatellite paternity analysis, including a healthy group in each case. In each of the two farms, a single boar was found to have sired 45-50 per cent sick animals. Removal of this sire from two farms resulted in a significant decrease in the prevalence of the disease among the offspring, in accordance with other two cases diagnosed, although without including a control group. Since the analysed animals belonged to three different genetic lines, these findings point to the existence of individual genetic susceptibility to this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ramis
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - E Marco
- Marco Vetgrup S.L., Madrid, Spain
| | - V Magaña
- Alvima Porcino SL, Alesanco, La Rioja, Spain
| | | | | | - J M Abellaneda
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Sáez-Acosta
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Mrowiec
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - F J Pallarés
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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11
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Huang Y, Harding JCS. Pathological Features and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria of Porcine Periweaning Failure-to-Thrive Syndrome. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:489-96. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985814542810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome (PFTS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by anorexia and progressive debilitation of newly weaned pigs. The objectives of the current case-control study were to describe the histopathologic features of PFTS in North America and test for selected pathogens in case and control pigs on 8 farms allegedly fulfilling the clinical definition of PFTS. Based on observations during farm visits, 5 farms fully met the case definition (PFTS farms), whereas 3 farms only partially fulfilled the definition (NON-PFTS farms). Necropsy and histopathologic examination were performed on case (n = 8 or 9) and control (n = 4) pigs from each farm. Superficial gastritis, which was mainly localized in the fundus and characterized by attenuation of superficial foveolar cells, was significantly more frequent in case pigs from PFTS farms compared with all the other pigs (odds ratio [OR], 16.7). The same was found for thymic atrophy (OR, 30.1) and small intestinal (SI) villous atrophy in the duodenum (OR, 28.7), jejunum (OR, 67.4), and ileum (OR, 56.3). All pigs with PFTS had at least 2 of these 3 lesions: gastritis, thymic atrophy, and SI villous atrophy. PFTS was not associated with any relevant porcine pathogen tested. We propose the diagnosis of PFTS be based on the fulfillment of the clinical case definition, the presence of the above lesions, and exclusion of other common swine diseases and pathogens. However, PFTS can be ruled out if debilitated pigs do not have at least 2 of the above 3 lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Huang
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Prairie Diagnostic Services, Inc, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J. C. S. Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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12
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Whelan RA, Rausch S, Ebner F, Günzel D, Richter JF, Hering NA, Schulzke JD, Kühl AA, Keles A, Janczyk P, Nöckler K, Wieler LH, Hartmann S. A transgenic probiotic secreting a parasite immunomodulator for site-directed treatment of gut inflammation. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1730-40. [PMID: 24985163 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
New treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease are needed and parasitic nematode infections or application of helminth components improve clinical and experimental gut inflammation. We genetically modified the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 to secrete the powerful nematode immunomodulator cystatin in the gut. This treatment was tested in a murine colitis model and on post-weaning intestinal inflammation in pigs, an outbred model with a gastrointestinal system similar to humans. Application of the transgenic probiotic significantly decreased intestinal inflammation in murine acute colitis, associated with increased frequencies of Foxp3(+) Tregs, suppressed local interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17A production, decreased macrophage inflammatory protein-1α/β, monocyte chemoattractant protein -1/3, and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted expression and fewer inflammatory macrophages in the colon. High dosages of the transgenic probiotic were well tolerated by post-weaning piglets. Despite being recognized by T cells, secreted cystatin did not lead to changes in cytokine expression or macrophage activation in the colon. However, colon transepithelial resistance and barrier function were significantly improved in pigs receiving the transgenic probotic and post-weaning colon inflammation was reduced. Thus, the anti-inflammatory efficiency of a probiotic can be improved by a nematode-derived immunoregulatory transgene. This treatment regimen should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose A Whelan
- Center for Infection Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rausch
- Center for Infection Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Ebner
- Center for Infection Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Günzel
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan F Richter
- 1] Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany [2] Current address: Institute for Anatomy II, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Nina A Hering
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Nutritional Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Nutritional Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Research Center ImmunoSciences (RCIS), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Keles
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Janczyk
- Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, Genetics and Pathogen Characterisation, Department of Biological Safety Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Nöckler
- Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, Genetics and Pathogen Characterisation, Department of Biological Safety Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lothar H Wieler
- Institute for Microbiology and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Center for Infection Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Jones CK, Madson DM, Main RG, Gabler NK, Patience JF. Poor weaning transition average daily gain in pigs is not correlated with pathological or immunological markers of enteric disease during a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus outbreak1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2568-77. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Jones
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - D. M. Madson
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - R. G. Main
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - N. K. Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - J. F. Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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14
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Jones CK, Patience JF. Variation in nutrient digestibility and energy intake are key contributors to differences in postweaning growth performance1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2105-15. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Jones
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - J. F. Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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15
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Huang Y, Harding JCS. Attempted experimental reproduction of porcine periweaning-failure-to-thrive syndrome using tissue homogenates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90065. [PMID: 24594806 PMCID: PMC3940845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome (PFTS) is characterized by anorexia and progressive debilitation of newly weaned pigs, of which some also demonstrate repetitive oral behaviour. Although no relevant porcine pathogens have been shown to be causally associated, inoculation of susceptible pigs using tissue homogenates is needed to rule out infectious etiologies. Eight snatched-farrowed porcine-colostrum-deprived (SF-pCD) pigs were inoculated with tissue homogenates made from PFTS-affected pigs orally, or combined orally, intraperitoneally (i.p.) and intramuscularly (i.m.) at day (D) 14 of age (INOC). On D21, i.p. and i.m. inoculation were repeated. Four sham-inoculated pigs served as control (CTRL). Three INOC pigs developed mixed bacterial septicemia between the first and second inoculation. All other pigs survived until termination on D49. Average daily gain (ADG) and the frequencies of diarrhea did not differ between INOC and CTRL pigs D14 and D29. Additionally, the progressive debilitation characteristic of PFTS was not observed in any pig, and repetitive oral behaviour was observed in both groups. In conclusion, PFTS was not experimentally reproduced by the current experimental approach providing evidence that PFTS may not have an infectious etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Huang
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John C. S. Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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16
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Detmer SE, Gunvaldsen RE, Harding JC. Comparison of influenza A virus infection in high- and low-birth-weight pigs using morphometric analysis. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013; 7 Suppl 4:2-9. [PMID: 24224813 PMCID: PMC5655882 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic studies have shown that low-birth-weight (LBW) and growth restriction has been associated with reduced immune function in humans and reduced passive immunity in pigs. To examine the immune responses of high-birth-weight (HBW) and LBW groups of pigs, influenza A virus infection was used as an exemplifier of neonatal respiratory disease. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were (i) to compare clinical, immunological, and pathological outcome of influenza infection in HBW to LBW pigs and (ii) to establish standardized sampling sites, score each site independently with set criteria, and compare scores between sites. METHODS Sixty-eight 4-week-old pigs originating from either HBW or LBW litters were intratracheally inoculated with 10(6.3) TCID50 /ml of A/swine/Texas/4199-2/1998 H3N2 and euthanized 48 hours later. Samples were collected 2.5 cm from the tip of both cranial and middle lung lobes. The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections were scored in a blinded manner by a single pathologist using established scoring criteria for routine and immunohistochemical stains. Clinical parameters, lung and nasal swab virus titers, and cytokine levels for interferon-alpha and interleukin-1-beta, IL-6, and IL-8 were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Lung lesion severity and influenza staining intensity were significantly lower in LBW compared with HBW pigs (P < 0.05). Additionally, examining just the LBW group, the significant difference between lobes (P = 0.009) showed that the mean score for the right cranial lung lobe was higher compared with the other three lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Detmer
- Department of Veterinary PathologyWestern College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Rayna E. Gunvaldsen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical SciencesWestern College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - John C. Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical SciencesWestern College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
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Segalés J, Martínez J, Vidal E, Kekarainen T, Bragulat J, Quintilla C, Finestra A. Periweaning failure to thrive in pigs in Spain. Vet Rec 2012; 170:499. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.e3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Segalés
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA - UAB-IRTA); Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Martínez
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA - UAB-IRTA); Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - E. Vidal
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA - UAB-IRTA); Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - T. Kekarainen
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA - UAB-IRTA); Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Bragulat
- AGROCAT; 08272 Sant Fruitós de Bages Barcelona Spain
| | | | - A. Finestra
- Technical Support Consulting SL; 25400 Les Borges Blanques Lleida Spain
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